The relations between physicians and lawyers have deteriorated rapidly over the past several decades, most particulary since the early 70s when the perception that a medical malpractice crisis existed in America became widespread. Some believe that the factors dividing the two professions are linked (1) to professional jealousy, (2) to ...

After a discussion of the chemical considerations involved in the production of calcium phosphate ceramics, animal and clinical studies are reviewed. Specific conclusions are that although these ceramics have high compressive strengths, they are not suitable for joint replacements. Prevention of alveolar ridge resorption is a promising concept, and space-filling ...

Several results concerning the problem of U.S. Congressional apportionment are given which, together, indicate that a method first proposed by Daniel Webster (also known as the "Major Fractions" method) seems fairest when judged on the basis of criteria suggested by common sense and precedent.

Social psychological research on helping has, in part, been concerned with the intervention of bystanders into emergencies. Pertinent empirical literature does not seem to be available on what factors bystanders use to define an emergency nor the effect of such a decision on the rate of helping. A series of ...

Problems of measurement of the incidence of rape are considered, and empirical findings are summarized regarding prevalence, demographic and psychiatric characteristics of offenders, spatial and temporal distribution of offenses, victim-offender relationships, and evidence about recidivism and progression of crimes. Findings are discussed in the framework of blame models and their ...

The design and fabrication of multilayer mirrors for the 16-mum spectral region present special problems in materials selection and stress compensation. Details are given of the solution of these problems for two types of dichroic mirrors. Equivalent layers with nonquarterwave thicknesses were found to yield stresscompensated coatings having the desired ...

While exploring the problem of escalation of health care expenditures in urology and analyzing various means to curtail this escalation, we noted a recurrent problem relating to the negative incentives inherent in presently used reimbursement mechanisms. Proposed solutions to a particular problem usually are accompanied by new economic difficulties arising ...

Difficulties encountered by gays when they seek help from the NHS for conditions which may not be associated with their homosexuality are discussed in this article by Brian Deer. He looks at ways in which a better understanding of gay people's problems could be promoted but recognises that there are ...

The coracoclavicular joints are genetically determined anatomic variants. There are problems in determining their presence by dissection examination of osteologic material as well as by radiography. Based on a survey of published material and a prospective radiological survey carried out in Malaysia, it is clear that the anomaly is more ...

Isolated pairs of blastomeres from early amphibian embryos (Ambystoma, Rana, Xenopus) are electrontonically coupled. Junctional conductance and permeability to the dye Lucifer Yellow are markeldy and reversibly decreased by moderate transjunctional polarization in either direction. The relationship between junctional conductance and transjunctional voltage is sufficiently steep that a physiological role ...

The need for a focus for brief interpretive psychotherapy is considered and a new approach is suggested. In this method, the ways in which the patient's construction of himself and his relationships are related to his problems are identified and expressed in the form of dilemmas, traps and snags. It ...

The article describes historical premises of ergonomics development in the USSR, the present state and main direction of applied ergonomics, and its effective data. The new stage of ergonomics development in the USSR connected with the organization of scientific and technological cooperation in the field of ergonomics between the countries ...

The use of a laboratory computer system to deal with specimen problems is described. Problems such as 'insufficient material' or 'haemolysis' are entered by reception staff or by bench workers so that resolution of the problem will not be overlooked; problems are then listed and dealt with by the duty ...

The U.S. Geological Survey recently completed an intensive river quality assessment study of the Willamette River basin, Oregon. The most noteworthy finding was that across-the-board advanced waste treatment was not the answer to the problem of meeting stringent water quality standards established for the Willamette River. This implies that rigid ...

Details of the design and construction of removable and simple fixed appliances are presented. Equipment, instruments, and supplies are listed. Welding, soldering, banding and bonding are illustrated. Finally, step-by-step descriptions are given of first aid measures for the repair of fixed appliances applicable to the general practice situation.

The mechanical factors which are involved in the arrangement of anatomic type artificial teeth into balanced occlusion have been described. Many of the mechanical problems encountered during artificial tooth arrangement have been listed, together with suggestions for their solution. Hanau's Laws of Articulation have been utilized in a practical manner ...

The results of a retrospective survey comparing the complications of guillotine tonsillectomy with those of dissection tonsillectomy are given. The problem of tonsil tags and adenoidectomy are discussed and a reappraisal of the indications for guillotine tonsillectomy are considered. We feel that guillotine tonsillectomy should only be carried out in ...

A survey of those features of hand tools relevant to the physical interaction between the implement and the human operator. Concepts basics to the optimization of forces are mentioned, followed by a description of some of the more common physiological problems and musculoskeletal complaints associated with improper hand tool and ...

Although many of the fundamental biological features of toxoplasmosis are today well appreciated, the practical problem of prevention of its most serious consequence--disabling congenital disease, remains unsolved. The reasons vary in different communities, but are concerned with detection of the chief mode of spread, assessment of incidence, delineation of vulnerable ...

The clinical and haematological features of haemophilia are reviewed and the historical aspects, pathogenesis and genetics are discussed. The problems associated with management, such as factor replacement, home therapy, physiotherapy, surgical intervention and the presence of inhibitors, are fully described. Finally, mention is made of the psychological problems of haemophiliacs ...

Dyes, and by extension the various organic compounds used for coloration, including organic pigments and fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), are among the organic chemicals which we encounter as technological and functional necessities in nearly every sphere of our daily lives. They also greatly influence our mood and thus contribute enormously ...

This paper addresses the problem of reconciling pluralism with reductionism, i.e., acknowledging both the variety of the world and the need and possibility to explain it. First the various kinds of monism and pluralism that litter the scientific and philosophical literature are examined cursorily. Then certain maligned notions are examined, ...

Techniques for overcoming common stumbling blocks in consultation are outlined, and the advantages to consultants of viewing consultation as a mutual problem-solving process are discussed. It is suggested that the consultant-in-training can achieve confidence in this approach only through experiencing the relationship from the other side by gaining first-hand understanding ...

The rigid contact lens continues to offer many prescription features which are difficult to match in the flexible lens realm, e.g.,: readily measured parameters, predictable optics, low production cost and minimum patient care requirements for reasonable hygienic safety. But poor tear pump efficiency remains a challenge in many conventional (i.e., ...

The development of Russian hematology is considered from the late nineteenth century to 1970. The dominant influences of I. N. Filipjev and A. A. Paramonov are discussed in the context of the persons whom they influenced and their conceptual approach to the problems posed hy nematodes. The advantages and disadvantages ...

With the increased interest in borderline and psychotic patients, concepts are being introduced which erode the concept of intrapsychic conflict between the ego and the other macrostructures. In particular, the drive derivative as source of danger is being lost sight of as expressions such as fear of the loss of ...

Psychiatrists in the U. S. Army have received official sanction as organizational consultants. In common with other bureaucratic organizations, several obstacles impede their full effectiveness in this role. These include communication breakdowns and negative attitudes toward change. These attitudes are divided into four subgroups: Conspiracy of Silence, Fear of Innovation, ...

A simple, reliable, and innocuous method is described for evaluating the penetrability of cerebrospinal shunts with the use of 99mTc O4. After introducing 25 muCi of 99mTc O4 in a volume of about 0.2 ml into Rickham's reservoir, series scintigrams in the lateral or AP direction are made with the ...

By presenting these examples, I have tried to illustrate four main points. 1) Finite numbers can be really enormous, and the known universe is very small. Therefore the distinction between finite and infinite is not as relevant as the distinction between realistic and unrealistic. 2) In many cases there are ...

Projector slides are used widely as visual aids in lectures and meetings. However, they are often difficult to read and to interpret, and can bring about more confusion than illumination to an audience. A framework is offered for the non-specialist in graphic design, within which the preparation, construction and presentation ...

A method of sexual counselling based on the technique originally proposed by Masters and Johnson but modified to suit local conditions is described. The method is basically "client-centred" and depends on interviewing both partners of a sexually inadequate relationship so that the clients themselves set the level of desired sexual ...

Though basic problems of the perception of whiteness are as yet unsolved, this paper attempts to survey the present state and the requirements of industrial whiteness measurement. Generic formulas with adjustable parameters for the evaluation of whiteness and tint are presented.

Two hundred consecutive in-patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined for pain or deformity of the feet, and of the great toe in particular. Some abnormality occured in 196 feet and the deformities observed are presented. The symptoms that arise from these deformities are mainly derived from ill-fitting shoes, and the ...

Results of the 1974 College of American Pathologists Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey Program show that ABO and Rh typing are still holding their percentage of excellent (99.48%) accuracy. At least some of the errors still occurring are due to clerical mistakes in filling out the forms and not to technical ...

An extension of the so-called committee problem is discussed in terms of the occupancy of a certain matrix whose row totals are taken as fixed, and whose cell entries are constrained to lie between zero and defined maxima. A statistic is constructed as a function of the column totals and ...

Diseases and diagnoses are familiar words in the veterinary vocabulary and we seldom give much thought as to how we use them; we are more concerned about the practical problems they imply. However, there are occasions when it is essential that we use familiar words and concepts in a way ...

The three clinically encountered disturbances of the male orgasmic phase--that is, premature ejaculation, inability to ejaculate, and retrograde ejaculation--are discussed. The problem of defining premature ejaculation is explained and the possible pathogenic mechanisms of its origin are reviewed. The classic premature ejaculator is described. Also included are an elaboration of ...

Although identifying descriptions of apraxia are numerous in recent literature, few articles present guidelines for apraxia therapy. In this paper, several therapeutic techniques for apraxia are introduced and discussed. Sequencing of speech sounds is recognized as the apraxic patient's most characteristic problem. Rapid repetition of consonant plus /a/, build-up of ...

Nostalgia, a psychopathological condition affecting individuals who are uprooted, whose social contacts are fragmented, who are isolated and who feel totally frustrated and alienated, was first described in the 17th century and was a problem of considerable interest to physicians in the 18th and 19th centuries. By the 20th century ...

This paper studies the problem of obtaining complexifications of a differentiable manifold which have desirable analytic or algebraic properties and which are minimal in the sense described below. It is seen that there is a significant difference between analytic and algebraic complexifications.

Individuals who are second in command in organization have common problems that result from their role, as illustrated in a hypothetical example of the relationship of a first-in-command and second-in-command in establishing a day hospital. The authors believe that first and seconds can funtion most effectively by accepting inevitabilities--for instance, ...

The problems of referring a patient to a clinical psychologist are discussed. How to select a psychologist, criteria for determining appropriateness of referral, and communication between psychologist and physician are outlined.

British morbidity statistics are reviewed to try to estimate the size of the problem of the painful back. National Insurance figures yield an estimated 13.2 million working days lost in one year, though only 68% of this is identified in routinely published statistics. Other bodies of data (G.P. consultations, outpatient ...

A problem is defined when the clinician judges a dysfunction is apparent or highly probable for the patient in one or more of three areas: physiological, psychological, or social functioning. In defining specific problems, data assessments are often confounded with the data themselves. To "lump" or "split" problems in psychiatry ...

Many ophthalmic plastic surgical problems are ignored because the patient seems to be ""getting along." Frequently physicians are only vaguely aware of the constant daily discomfort their patients experience from seemingly minor problems such as endocrine exophthalmos, an ill-fitting prosthesis or baggy eyelids. As a result, too often the patient ...

Tallis [1962] formulated and solved the problem of constructing a selection index whose use will produce changes in the means of genotypic values of various traits that are proportional to ultimately desired changes. Several meaningful variations of this problem are described, and their solutions are presented in a common framework.

An editor's problems are real; they are legion; they are unending. They range from such major considerations as the selection or rejection of submitted papers, the maintenance of the Journal's prestige, and the protection of the readers interests, to the everyday routine of rendering the written word clear, the thrust ...

Ways in which political conflicts may be stimulated, reduced, enhanced, and managed are discussed. Human political space and time concepts are explained, while distinct ways of perceiving, exploring, and affecting the world are developed in detail. Everyday communication as opposed to political communication is described, as are their dimensions, effectors, ...

There are many ways of displaying a video signal derived from graphical material. People in the graphic arts business have been wrestling with the same sorts of problems for more than 100 years; this article surveys what they have done, in the hope that some useful technology transfer may occur.

1. The characterization of two novel triterpenoid xanthophylls occurring in Streptococcus faecium UNH 564P is described. 2. Both are derived formally, and probably biosynthetically, from the C(30) analogue of neurosporene and have been identified as 4-hydroxy-4,4'-diaponeurosporene and its glucoside, 4-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4,4'-diaponeurosporene. 3. Problems associated with the use of specific glucosidases in ...