Aedes albopictus, a mosquito of Asian origin, has been rapidly spreading in all the continents since a decade: it is now established in North and South America, Africa, Oceania and even in Europe where it was detected in Albania, 1979 and in Italy, 1990. The international shipping trade of used ...

"Though the concept of negotiated settlements gained its momentum in southern Africa--Angola, Mozambique, Namibia and South Africa--the full success of negotiations is yet to be seen in most of these countries.... Demographic consequences of conflicts are explained through a systemic model. The importance of demographic variables on negotiated settlement has ...

"This article reviews some recent key books on HIV/AIDS in Africa. It does so by examining the debates relating to the extent and possible future development of HIV/AIDS referring to the discussions about demographic, economic and social impacts in especially eastern and southern Africa. It explores the so-called doomsday scenarios ...

Previous surveys among Indians with RA have shown a significant association with HLA DR4 in North India and with HLA DR1 in the UK. We studied a migrant Indian population in South Africa to determine their genetic associations with RA. A group of 121 unrelated RA patients from three communities ...

Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) outbreaks were investigated in South Korea and Japan from 1953 to 1991, retrospectively. The epidemics occurred contemporaneously several times; particularly, those of 1988 and 1991. The initial outbreaks in the Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, in 1988 and 1991 occurred about 1 month after those in Korea. Meteorological ...

"South Africa has experienced a significant continuous outflow of professional and technical skills in recent decades. The international marketability of such skills has encouraged a 'brain drain' phenomenon of the type which is common from other developing countries.... The most popular destinations are the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada ...

We report here the discovery of fossil hominid teeth at Gladysvale, near Johannesburg in the southern Transvaal. This find makes the site the seventh in South Africa to yield australopithecine remains and the first new early hominid-bearing locality to be found in this region since 1948. Apart from the hominid ...

As is the case with many other veterinary schools in sub-Saharan Africa, the development of the University of Zambia (UNZA) Veterinary School has been supported largely by aid from the developed countries in the form of general expenditure grants, staff training scholarships and technical assistance. The three major pillars of ...

The competing discourses of HIV/AIDS circulating in sub-Saharan Africa are identified. These are medical, medico-moral, developmental (distinguishing between 'women in development' and gender and development perspectives), legal, ethical, and the rights discourse of groups living with HIV/AIDS and of African pressure groups. The analytical framework is that of discourse analysis ...

There is growing evidence that allogeneic cells, rather than viruses or bacteria are the cause of AIDS. It is proposed here that these allogeneic cells are sperm cells which induce the production of anti-sperm antibodies. Anal sex, genital ulcers and female circumcision allow sperm cells to be absorbed into the ...

Reactions to the sting of the imported fire ant are an increasing problem for residents of the Gulf South. Three recent evolutionary changes suggest that the habitat of the ants will continue to expand. This article gives a brief review of the problem, including unresolved questions related to management of ...

The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs)-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or HAIDS pandemic originated from lentiviruses of nonhuman primates (thus qualifying as a zoonosis) that moved into humans in Africa. The HAIDS patients eventually die of opportunistic infections, all potentially zoonotic. The HAIDS infection remained parochial, first endemically and then epidemically, until ...

Traditional medicines are culturally very important to the Zulu population of Southern Africa. The inappropriate use of herbs has however, resulted in numerous fatalities, invariably in children. This paper briefly summarises the belief of the Zulu population in traditional remedies, together with an outline of the problems at present being ...

Restriction enzyme cleavage maps of mitochondrial DNA from the Spanish honeybee, Apis mellifera iberica (Hymenoptera: Apidae), were compared with those from the European subspecies A. m. mellifera, A. m. ligustica, and A. m. carnica, and the African subspecies A. m. intermissa and A. m. scutellata. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of ...

Two canestriniid genera: Tamarangia, Kahoorangia and the following species are newly described: Sandrophela dittae from Colydium sp., Borneo, Tamarangia nimfae from Pachnoda thoracica, Etiopia, T. fabiolae and T. flawiani from P. marginata, Sierra Leone, Kahoorangia almae from P. carmelita, South Africa, Paraphagella ingridae and Cetonicola orestesi from Tmesorrhina iris, Liberia, ...

Using a macro-simulation model, the maximum size of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic among the heterosexual black population of South Africa is assessed. As a result of the simulations, it appears very unlikely that the demographic impact of AIDS is such that the size of the black population will ...

This article documents the potential for inter-state conflict in the migration of hundreds of thousands of famine refugees across international borders in West Africa. Nigeria and Ghana, for example, have to deal not only with the effects of land degradation in their northern territories but also with the influx of ...

Onchocerca volvulus causes a disease of significant socio-economic importance in West Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and regions of South America. Brian Duke explains that, despite the advent of ivermectin, the prospects for the eradication of this potentially highly debilitating infection are remote. Moreover, the logistical problems associated with the control ...

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is worldwide, but the clinical and epidemiological pattern of the disease in Africa is different from that in developed areas. "Type 1 AIDS" occurs in industrialized North America and Europe; it has a distinctive sex ratio (16:1) and risk pattern of IV drug use and ...

An examination of recent suicide and homicide rates in the United States and South Africa showed quite similar patterns, with whites having higher rates of suicide and nonwhites having higher rates of homicide. In recent years, suicide rates for white males have risen in South Africa while remaining stable in ...

The literature on Africa's refugees has grown dramatically over the past decade. 2 issues, however, remain relatively unresearched and poorly understood - the plight of urban refugees and the problems associated with repatriation. This article examines the dimensions of the latter. After placing repatriation into the context of contemporary durable ...

This paper reviews the literature on AIDS in Africa. By 29 February, 1988, 9760 cases of AIDS had been reported in Africa. This review addresses the currently accepted belief in the African origin of AIDS, the distribution (cluster) of AIDS in Africa, identified modes of transmission, and changing sexual and ...

The discovery of Culicoides kanagai in South Africa represents a new record for this species. The female is redescribed, and the male is described for the first time. Culicoides (A.) dasyops Clastrier, 1958 is shown to be closely related to it but C. (A.) alticola is only superficially related. Short ...

The social and economic consequences of current demographic trends in South Africa are analyzed using the concept of avoidable costs. The author presents projections of the population up to the year 2000 organized under four major categories: executive and managerial; professional; semi-skilled; and the unskilled, peasants, underemployed, and very poor. ...

Three retrospectively diagnosed fatal AIDS cases are reported and discussed together with 4 other HIV seropositive patients, who all apparently contracted the HIV infection prior to the beginning of the present outbreak, without any other risk factor than heterosexual exposure in Central Africa. These data and simultaneous information from other ...

AIDS has existed in subsaharan Africa at least since 1980. However, the genesis of this condition and its emergence as a health problem remain obscured by lack of data and by antibody data that are now questionable. In Africa, as elsewhere, AIDS is associated with an immunodeficiency associated with the ...

In both African AIDS populations and homosexual populations outside of Africa, a high incidence of syphilis and multiple exposures to infectious diseases results in frequent, often abusive use of antibiotics. Epidemiological evidence exists for chemical immunosuppression resulting from antibiotics and other prescribed and recreational drugs prior to the current AIDS ...

Three populations in South- and North-Thingeyjarsýslas, Northeast Iceland, were surveyed for the presence of torus palatinus. A total of 987 schoolchildren (489 male and 487 female) were examined. A statistically significant difference was noted between the prevalence in South-Thingeyjarsýsla (33.3%) and North-Thingeyjarsýsla (14.6%). Prevalence and size were affected by age ...

The prevalence of hallux valgus and its relationship to the metatarsal angles have been assessed in South African males from two Black communities and one White community. After the age of 11 years there is a small increase in the metatarsal angle of White males, but this remains within the ...

Schistosome dermatitis is caused by penetration of the cercariae of avian blood flukes or schistosomes into human skin. It is a problem in many countries. In this article the condition is described and the evidence for its occurrence in South Africa examined. It is suggested that schistosome dermatitis is probably ...

Animal trypanosomiasis is one of the major constraints of rural development in Africa. If trypanosomiasis did not exist in these areas, it is estimated that some regions could carry 3-5 times more livestock. Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are old methods used to tackle the problem and are still valuable, provided the ...

The resistance of P. falciparum malaria to dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, to the 4-aminoquinolines (in particular, chloroquine), and to the combination sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is reviewed in the light of past and the most recent findings. Considering the gravity of the situation following the recent discovery of resistance of P. falciparum to chloroquine ...

Recovery and reconstruction in two communities following the South Itallan earthquake is described and differences are related to factors such as pradisaster development levels, relief decisions made during the emergency phase, the kind of material aid received, local leadership and economic opportunities. The combination of appropriate aid and effective leadership ...

A historical review of mineral imbalances recognised in Southern Africa is given. The survey procedures which were followed are described in terms of sample sources, as well as the analytical procedures with emphasis on the problems encountered at each stage of the developments. A concise summary is given of the ...

Problems associated with training, experience, practice and recruitment in community medicine are outlined. Academic trends in South Africa and overseas are discussed, and various viewpoints of different authorities in this country are evaluated against the priority of community need. Amedian approach of optimum benefit to the health of all communities ...

As elsewhere in the world, rodents are responsible for very considerable economic losses in tropical Africa because of their depredations on both growing crops and stored food products. Unfortunately, few accurate data are available on the extent of these losses but there is evidence that they are considerable. The public ...

Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Florida, 2003.

This BBC News website depicts Africa's ongoing and serious struggle with the AIDS epidemic. Through resources like correspondents' despatches, audio-video recordings and interviews, it firstly gives an overview of how widespread the problem is in the continent. It then takes a close look at the situation in South Africa, Uganda ...

In South-East Asia in recent years urbanization has proceeded rapidly. Because of limited financial resources it has seldom been possible to provide sufficient sanitation; this has led to conditions favourable to the breeding of Culex pipiens fatigans. The density of C. p. fatigans is higher in urban areas than in ...

There are three representatives of the Culex pipiens complex in the South Pacific. C. p. fatigans is the most common and most widely distributed subspecies; it is closely associated with man. The males can be readily distinguished by the structure of the phallosome of the terminalia.C. p. molestus is spread ...

In recent years there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of arthropod-borne viruses in the Western Pacific region and in South-East Asia. This realization of the importance of these viruses as causes of human morbidity and mortality and of economic loss due to infection of domestic animals has ...

The report presents a study of the practices concerning use of fertilizers in the rice growing zones of South Vietnam. The present and recommended uses of fertilizers are discussed.