Problem solving, by definition, involves achieving new understanding in unfamiliar contexts, and is critical to all aspects of life, especially in the educational and scientific arenas. Students learn from many experiences to develop a repertoire of abilities, including the use of logic, which enable them to spontaneously transfer their problem-solving ...

In the theory of knowledge spaces (Doignon & Falmagne, 1985) a knowledge domain is represented by a set Q of problems. The knowledge of a subject in the knowledge domain is described by the subset of problems from the domain that the subject is able to solve. A central assumption ...

This study examined the effectiveness of three intervention measures designed to facilitate 10- and 12-year-old children's recognition of indeterminacy in reasoning with illogical syllogisms. The indeterminate nature of these syllogisms arises from the lack of logical connection between the premises, which means a single, logically correct solution cannot be drawn. ...

In this study, data from 2814 15- and 16-year-old secondary school students were analysed to investigate the collective influence of family, school and peers on behavioural problems in adolescence. Adolescents with addiction-risk and/or aggressive/criminal behaviour were compared to those who did not display such behaviour. Adolescents with behavioural problems were ...

Much of the apparent progress in community ecology amounts to little more than re-inventing the wheel, albeit with technical improvements. Many central ideas in the field were stated by A.K. Cajander at the turn of the century. Thereafter, community ecology has moved back and forth between competition-centered and individualistic views ...

The diversity of indirect interactions that can occur within communities is large. Recent research on indirect interactions is scattered in the literature under numerous labels. The definition of indirect effects is an important aspect of their study, and clarifies some of the subtle differences among indirect effects found in natural ...

Many smokers report that the greatest hindrance to quitting smoking is their fear of gaining weight. Everyone knows someone who threw away the cigarettes and picked up 30 pounds. Although smokers see their habit as socially unacceptable, they see obesity in a worse light. Good interventional skills and awareness of ...

Communities are naturally constructed over time by a process of species invasion and elimination. The construction process itself, which until very recently has received little attention, may be of fundamental importance to understanding community attributes such as stability, which have received a lot of attention. So the study of community ...

After the discovery of house dust mites in 1964 their association with asthma has been reported from many different parts of the world including the developing countries. Two sets of major allergens from mites of the genus Dermatophagoides are now well recognized. The Group I allergens are glycoproteins of relative ...

Behavioural ecologists have long assumed that animals discriminate between their kin and non-kin, but paid little attention to how animals recognize their relatives. Although the first papers on kin recognition mechanisms appeared barely 10 years ago, studies now appear frequently in journals of animal behaviour. Initial findings reveal that kin ...

Problems identified as associated with measuring the prevalence of asthma include the lack of an agreed definition, absence of standardization of questionnaires (both the content and the form in which questions are worded) the nonspecific nature of tests of bronchial responsiveness and the variation in the nature of asthma at ...

Since Darwin accepted the Malthusian population theory to solve the demographic problems he thought to be logically connected with the universal operation of natural selection, the numerical processes in both populations and communities were generally supposed to be governed by competition. For interspecific relations this found expression in the 'competitive ...

A new method for solving the phase problem in two dimensions is presented. The solution is noniterative and is based on locating the zeros of one-dimensional strips of a single two-dimensional intensity distribution. A numerical example is included.

The list of agents known or suspected to cause occupational asthma is increasing almost daily. Potency, dose, and size of the population exposed determine the magnitude of the problem in any given industry. Investigation involves determining whether asthma is present, whether it is occupational, and what agent is responsible. Management ...

Data were 5091 calvings from 3904 cows for milk fever, retained placenta, mastitis within 48-h postpartum, calving difficulty, and 48-h calf livability collected from 27 large California dairies analyzed for genetic interrelationships among parturition problems. Heritability of each trait was small; however, retained placenta had large positive genetic correlations with ...

Trends in mortality attributed to asthma in the 5-34-year age group were examined in New Zealand, Australia, England and Wales, the United States, Canada, and West Germany for the years 1959-79. An epidemic of deaths from asthma occurred in the mid-1960s in New Zealand, Australia, and England and Wales but ...

The otherwise safe and useful anaesthetic halothane has been suspected of producing the occasional complication of hepatic necrosis, ascribed either to a drug allergy or to biotransformation to reactive intermediates. Several characteristics, such as middle age, obesity and multiple administrations of the anaesthetic, seem to put the patient at higher ...

Can a computer be viable even in a one doctor office? This article documents one family physician's attempt to answer this question, showing how he investigated the possibilities, what he achieved and what the problems and possibilities were.

A 24-yr-old man developed sensitization to Quillaja bark (soapbark) dust at his work place. Within 3 mo of being employed in a factory processing Quallaja bark to produce saponin, he experienced asthma symptoms while handling the bark but only nasal symptoms on being exposed to the purified saponin. Bronchial provocation ...

The magnitude of the asthma problem in Cape Town, as reflected by cases presenting to a large hospital, is described. The need for better facilities to treat acute asthma and to provide supervised interval therapy is discussed. A plea is made for the more widespread use of well-established simple beside ...

Heights, weights and nutrition indices are presented for an inland dwelling population of Fijians surveyed in 1961. The results are contrasted with those for coastal dwelling Fijians and the conclusions drawn that coastal dwellers were taller and heavier and suffered more obesity and less malnutrition, than inland dwellers. The differences ...

A problem-like branching system describing what prizes (A through F) were awarded for particular outcomes of a tournament of games among three teams was presented to 200 subjects as either a verbal list with "go to" structure (Jump), a shortened verbal list (Short-Jump), nested verbal paragraphs with "if ... then..., ...

When subjects were required to calculate answers for computable problems and answer questions, an interaction was found corresponding to that obtained by Kieras and Greeno (1975) from judgments of computability. With nonsense formulas, much longer times were required to identify noncomputable problems than to compute answers, with a much smaller ...

This brief leaflet about obesity and overweight was produced in 2003 by the World Health Organisation. The document highlights the increasing problem of obesity and being overweight, and discusses why there is an increase in obesity, how obesity and overweight are defined, the extent of the problem, the impact of ...

One in a series of Bandolier Knowledge Resource Centres that collate and make available a collection of quality evidence resources relating to medical issues. This collection focuses on allergy, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory problems. Main topics covered by these resources include latex allergy, allergy screening, asthma ...

This document on canine obesity is produced by the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Animal Therapy (ACPAT). It provides some factual information on the growing and common problem of canine obesity and covers factors that increase a dog's chance of being overweight (breed, feeding, lifestyle, and hypothyroidism), how to check ...