This paper reports the results obtained in an aid project designed to improve transport in the municipal area of Jocotán (Guatemala). The rural road network of an area occupied by indigenous people was analysed and a road chosen for repair using the labour-intensive method-something never done before in this area. ...

Balance and gait problems have been detected among patients with HIV/AIDS. The extent to which these problems are exacerbated by either frailty or obesity has not been examined. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare participants who differed in body mass and the presence or absence of HIV/AIDS. ...

Despite widespread acceptance of clinical benefits, empirical evidence to evaluate the advantages and limitations of ambulation aids for balance control is limited. The current study investigates the upper limb biomechanical contributions to the control of frontal plane stability while using a 4-wheeled walker in quiet standing. We hypothesized that: (1) ...

Dyssynergic defecation is common and affects up to one half of patients with chronic constipation. This acquired behavioural problem is due to the inability to coordinate the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles to evacuate stools. Today, it is possible to diagnose this problem and treat this effectively with biofeedback therapy, ...

Only sparse evidence from controlled clinical trials is available to guide the psychiatric treatment of persons with HIV/AIDS. The authors assessed and determined current treatment trends in AIDS psychiatry. Members of the Organization of AIDS Psychiatry (OAP) participated in a web-based survey. Of 159 members, 62 (39%) responded to the ...

To provide an overview of conceptualizations of female sexual problems, and 'Female Sexual Dysfunction' in particular, throughout the 20th century, especially in relation to psychiatry and mental illness. In the past 15 years, there has been an increase in both medical and public discourse about 'Female Sexual Dysfunction'. I discuss ...

Gold and Olin (2009) claim that the widespread use of antidepressants is a problem and that neither philosophy nor psychiatry are in a position to provide the conceptual and scientific tools to understand, characterize and, ultimately, solve it. While we agree with their analysis of the problem and the shortcomings ...

Pesticide residues were measured in stockpiled cotton gin trash (CGT) over a 2-year period. Samples were analysed by GC/MS/MS and interpretation of the results was aided by the presence of DDE residues, remnant from prior DDT use. Fourteen pesticide residues from current agricultural practice were detected in CGT. Several of ...

A cryptosporidiosis survey showed the presence of Cryptosporidium hominis, C. parvum, C. canis, and C. felis in 25, 7, 1, and 1 HIV-positive persons from Jamaica, respectively; 1 person had both C. hominis and C. felis. Multilocus sequence typing indicated the presence of a homogeneous but geographically distinct C. hominis ...

A 46-year-old man with lower airway infection developed acute mountain sickness (AMS) at a 5,100 m high base camp. AMS was associated with myoclonic jerks (7-8/h) and restless legs. AMS with neurological manifestations could be relieved only upon descent to 3,500 m. To avoid pulmonary or neurological problems at high ...

Neurological impairment after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is common and represents a major source of morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis and management of neurological problems occurring after OLT are difficult and evidence-based guidelines for this task are currently lacking. A Task Force was set up under the auspices of the ...

Early efforts directed toward the development of pesticide regulations addressed serious acute illnesses associated with pesticide mixing, loading, and application. As those pesticide exposures and illnesses came under control through official regulatory action, attention has turned toward problems associated with the impacts of pesticides on communities and schools. By contrast ...

From December 1-31, 1997, the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy in co-operation with the Department of Information Technology, University of Tübingen, Germany, organised the first virtual congress on psychiatry in the Internet. The congress was aimed at facilitating exchange of results of psychiatric studies and ideas and at stimulating discussion ...

This study examined the relationship between scores on two personality characteristics, apprehension about communication and resilience, from 200 elementary school teachers from several counties who completed the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension and the Personal Resilience Questionnaire. Scores on the two measures correlated -.33, which accounts for 10% of the ...

The Tanzania cancer registry recorded 39,920 cancer cases from 1968 to 1995. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) constituted 4% of the cases of which 79.9% were males. During the AIDS period changes in the demographics of KS were noted showing an increase in the diagnosis of KS (p=0.0001). There was an overall ...

In order to get an impression on the opinion of the use of neurological eponyms we sent questionnaires on 205 eponyms to 850 members of the Netherlands Association for Neurology. The responses by 256 (30%) were analyzed. A positive correlation was found between age and the knowledge of eponyms. The ...

Fecal impaction is a common problem in patients with neurologic impairment. The pulsed irrigation enhanced evacuation (PIEE) procedure is a new method of clearing fecal impactions using pulses of small amounts of warm water to rehydrate stool and improve peristalsis. Thirty-seven PIEE procedures were performed on 28 patients with a ...

The first patient known to have died from asbestosis (1900) began work in 1885, approximately 5 years after the industrial use of asbestos began in Britain. Mineral particles were found in his lungs. No special comment was made of their fibrous nature then nor when the first case was reported ...

The mind-body problem is important for psychiatry clinically (the problems of interactionism and causality), semantically, and ethically (the problem of causality and free will). It includes the questions: What are minds? Do they exist? Are they ever free? How do they and bodies interact? The author reviews some important answers, ...

This study presents the main clinical findings on 200 AIDS patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in the northern zone of Tanzania, with detailed neurological findings on 135 out of 200 cases and 53 controls. Results show that 21 out of 200 (10.5%) had an obvious focal neurological disorder, including ...

Electrodiagnostic aids, electromyography, auditory brainstem response testing, and electroencephalography are extensions of the neurologic examination and provide valuable information about the nervous system. This article discusses the use and interpretation of electrodiagnostic aids in equine neurology as well as the equipment that is employed. It is hoped that with a ...

Total population survey covering 28055 persons living in 34 villages of eastern Rajasthan was carried out. Out of 28055 persons 20276 (72.27%) were actually examined and 218 cases of leprosy were detected. Prevalence of leprosy was found to be 10.75/1000, which is very high and contrary to earlier observations regarding ...

This paper presents an experiment in knowledge-intensive programming within a general problem-solving production-system architecture called Soar. In Soar, knowledge is encoded within a set of problem spaces, which yields a system capable of reasoning from first principles. Expertise consists of additional rules that guide complex problem-space searches and substitute for ...

The responses of apparently healthy newborn foals to neurologic testing differ significantly from those of adult horses. These responses and the diagnostic techniques pertinent to neurologic problems are reviewed as a basis for evaluation of the compromised neonatal foal. The more frequently encountered neurologic diseases are discussed in a problem-oriented ...

Back and neck pain are two of the most common and potentially most expensive complaints which patients bring to their family doctors. These problems can be helped when the physician listens, examines, and explains. Reasonable amounts of rest, specific exercises, home remedies, medications, manipulation, and other remedies may help. One ...

In the midst of the critical struggle over the failures of rehabilitation and the impotency of the prison system, the role of the psychiatrist in the prison has become increasingly unclear. This article presents a persuasive argument for working in prisons and discusses ethical considerations, treatment approaches, and the special ...

The tactics and rationale of maximum challenge safety tests for nonviral microbial pesticides have been reviewed. Maximum challenge tests and a tier approach to data collection for regulatory purposes offer the best opportunities to detect the acute effects of entomopathogenic organisms in mammals. Premature condemnation of promising organisms that are ...

Concepts of crisis intervention and community psychiatry have greatly increased the importance of the emergency room rotation in a psychiatric residency program. Many of the techniques most appropriate to the emergency room are contrary to those taught in the traditional curriculum. The author outlines basic didactic principles to be taught ...

The authors discuss how stress influences the candidate's capacity to effectively prepare for and fully demonstrate his or her abilities in the oral examination in psychiatry given by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. They highlight subtle misconceptions about examiner priorities, attitudes, and evaluation methods and note common errors ...

The broad scope of this journal has always included an interest in prosthetic aids for the alleviation of communication disorders. Our recent focus on the field of biological psychiatry adds an intriguing new dimension to this interest. The following case report highlights the relative neglect of some of our most ...

About 10% of patients consulting a family practitioner have neurological complaints, and about 2% ultimately receive a neurological diagnosis. As it is not possible to train enough neurologists for these patients, graduating medical students must be competent and confident in assessing neurological problems, particularly those that are common, treatable or ...

The authors surveyed 124 attorneys by mail questionnaires regarding their use of and attitudes toward psychiatric referrals. They found that, compared with a similar survey in 1965, fewer attorneys made referrals, but those who did made more. As in 1965, domestic problems were the usual reasons for referral in 1975; ...

In this Bicentennial year, the author takes a look at the early days of Amercan psychiatry, focusing on some of the great men who helped to form the discipline. These men have much to teach us in a time when the field is divided within and faces a crisis of ...

An inquiry was made of all women senior registrars in general psychiatry who were known to be planning to remain in psychiatry in this country. Most were hoping to work full or maximum part-time, and all except one were aiming for a consultant appointment in general psychiatry or one of ...

An inquiry was made of all women senior registrats in general psychiatry who were known to be planning to remain in psychiatry in this country. Most were hoping to work full or maximum part-time, and all except one were aiming for a consultant appointment in general psychiatry or one of ...

Focusing on the definition, scope, and role of psychiatry today, the author discusses whether psychiatry is primarily medical, whether it is overstepping its boundaries in attempting to treat problems of living, and whether it is too involved with social questions. On the basis of an examination of the current scientific ...

The difficulties and constraints of community psychiatry are reviewed from the feeling of omnipotence and false hopes it has engendered, to the problems posed for the psychiatrist (threat to status, unclear identity, conflicting demands and the necessity for increased training). Administrative problems and difficulties in providing effective care in the ...

An analysis of existing psychiatric facilities in the community reveals their heterogeneity and fragmentation. Parallel, overlapping and non-communicating, they deal with treatment in a piecemeal fashion and with prevention only by default. Divorce between the different therapeutic phases of what is often the same illness violates any continuity of care. ...