BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Children's psychosocial problems are prevalent but often inaccurately diagnosed. This study investigated primary care clinicians' (PCCs) use of standardized tools for psychosocial problems among children in whom they reported finding a problem. METHODS: The data consisted of 21 065 unique visits by children ages 4 to 15 ...

The term 'coping' is increasingly used in audiology, in particular by researchers and clinicians interested in the psychosocial aspects of hearing disorders. Coping has been defined as the process of managing demands (external or internal) that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person. It is seen ...

BACKGROUND: Fear, embarrassment and stigma are salient factors contributing to reluctance to seek help for psychological distress. Although vignette studies have often been employed to assess attitudes towards psychological disorders, no study has specifically assessed attitudes towards Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). METHODS: An experimental study assessing attitudes toward obsessive-compulsive problems is ...

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial problems, such as behavioural, emotional, and educational problems, are highly prevalent among children and adolescents. Early treatment may reduce these problems, if accurately identified. Validated questionnaires may support identification. The aim of this study is to assess the psychometric qualities of such a questionnaire, the Short Indicative Questionnaire ...

This study set out to investigate some psychometric properties of the Lithuanian version of CBCL for providing the preliminary data on the emotional and behavioural problems in Lithuanian children taking factors such as gender, age, SES and family composition into account. The CBCL was completed by parents of 7- to ...

The aim of this study was to identify normative developmental trajectories of parent-reported problems assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; T. M. Achenbach, 1991) in a representative sample of 2,076 children aged 4 to 18 years from the general population. The trajectories were determined by multilevel growth curve analyses ...

The considerable heterogeneity of symptomatology in persons with borderline personality disorder (BPD) has led some to suggest the existence of subtypes within this diagnosis. However, no study to date has examined subtypes according to differences in interpersonal functioning, despite the central role of interpersonal problems in the BPD diagnosis. The ...

This article examines the interpersonal problems of 42 persons referred for brief group treatment at a community mental health center. Measures of symptom severity, self-esteem, and interpersonal problems were administered pre- and posttreatment. Study participants' scores were analyzed to determine possible differences in the interpersonal problems experienced by those diagnosed ...

AIDS-related grief was examined and its association with coping among HIV-positive men and women explored. AIDS-related grief, psychological distress and coping were examined among a sample of 268 HIV-infected individuals, diverse with respect to gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Participants exhibited elevated scores on measures of grief reaction and psychological ...

BACKGROUND: Parent training is one of the most effective treatments for young children with conduct problems. However, not every family benefits from this approach and approximately one-third of children remain in the clinical range at follow-up assessments. Little is known about factors affecting treatment outcome for young children. METHOD: Hierarchical ...

The present study examined the knowledge level and the coping strategies of older persons with atrial fibrillation, who were on oral anticoagulant therapy. The relationship among knowledge level, problem and affective-oriented coping strategies, and the level of anticoagulant effectiveness were examined. We also compared differences between subjects who were within ...

Assumptions are often made by doctors about the nature of the impact of uncomplicated snoring. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive view of the problems experienced by snoring patients, and to compare these with the perceptions of otolaryngologists. Part 1: 121 snorers and 419 otolaryngologists completed ...

The authors of the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour recommended a method for statistically analysing the relationships between beliefs and the Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioural Control constructs. This method has been used in the overwhelming majority of studies using these theories. However, there is a growing ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the pattern of background variables of 20 convicted rapists. The sample comprised two distinct forensic psychiatric subgroups undergoing different treatments. Data were extracted from forensic psychiatric files. The study variables were juvenile and adult problems of the offenders, related by previous research ...

Mutual regulation of anger plays a role in both healthy adjustment and mental health problems. This study of 85 preschooler boys and girls examined mother-preschooler anger regulation during a frustration in relation to the child's preschool and school age problem status. Less mutual positive emotion, more mutual anger, and more ...

Based on qualitative data collected in 1999 in Dublin, Ireland and Providence, Rhode Island, this study examines psychosocial tasks for gay men with AIDS who are experiencing "Lazarus Phenomena," significant improvement in health and functioning as a result of current medication advances. The data showed a range of reactions, supportive ...

The objective of the study was the analysis of psychosocial problems of subjects afflicted with bronchial asthma. The survey comprised a group of 121 patients treated in the Pulmonary Department of Medical University of Lublin. The type and intensity of problems was determined on the basis of Handicap Problems Inventory ...

OBJECTIVE: The definitions of eating problems vary widely as they integrate cognitive, behavioural and physiological components to different degrees. The aim of this study was to show how much these differences affect the prevalence of eating problems in an adolescent population. METHOD: All of the 9131 adolescents in a Norwegian ...

This paper examines some of the problems specifically associated with conducting research into acupuncture and how this can lead to further problems with subsequent systematic reviews. Studies for the treatment of chronic neck pain have been used as examples of how presented information can be misleading to an acupuncture-naive reader ...

The aim of this paper is to assess the methodological problems of an unsuccessful randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted to evaluate the effectiveness, in terms of survival and quality of life, of the early offer of home care (HC) to persons with AIDS (PWA). The study carried out was an ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and demographic and psychological correlates of Internet use as a help-seeking resource for emotional problems in a community sample of adolescents. METHOD: A self-report survey was completed by 9th-through 12th-grade students ( = 519) enrolled in health courses in six New York State high schools ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the existence of perceived problem topics/concepts in anatomy, possible reasons for the problems and also student suggestions for alleviating the problems. DESIGN: An open-ended questionnaire. SETTING: School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and fifty nine second year medical students. ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between risk and protective factors and the continuity of psychological problems from age 7 to age 33. METHODS: Data on 5,591 cohort members of the National Child Development Study were used to track continuity and discontinuity between internalizing and externalizing problems at age 7, as ...

An analysis of the relationship among the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991, 1996) Drug Problems (DRG) scale scores, the Addiction Severity Index (ASI; McLellan et al., 1992) scores, and urine toxicology reports revealed that the PAI Drug Problem scale scores of 100 substance-using and substance-abusing men and women were ...

The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial correlates of adjustment to HIV/AIDS in a sample of 137 HIV-positive persons (78 men and 59 women). Multiple regression analysis was used to examine relationships between perceived quality of general social support, three attachment styles, and three coping styles with total ...

This study investigated self-reported problems in a sample of help-seeking Vietnam veterans, comparing the veteran's own view with clinician and spouse perspectives, with the aim of examining convergence in reports across different informants. Veterans with PTSD (N = 459) were asked to list and rate their five most serious problems. ...

BACKGROUND: We investigated associations between behaviour problems and verbal and nonverbal cognitive abilities at 2, 3 and 4 years of age both for the entire distribution and for the lowest 5% and 10% of the verbal and nonverbal cognitive disabilities. METHODS: A community sample of 4,000 pairs of twins born ...

The objective of this study was to describe the problems experienced by mothers when breastfeeding and the impact that these problems have on breastfeeding duration. A cohort of 556 mothers who birthed in Perth, Western Australia were recruited to study their infant feeding practices. The mothers were interviewed in hospital ...

PURPOSE: The low incidence of mortality and major morbidity in anesthesia makes it difficult to study the pattern of potential accidents and to develop preventive strategies. Anesthetic 'near-misses', however, occur more frequently. Using data from a simple routine-based system of problem reporting, we have analyzed the pattern and causes of ...

We examined how trauma-specific appraisals and coping efforts mediate between traumatic experiences, acuteness of trauma, and length of imprisonment and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) among 103 Palestinian former political prisoners. The findings provide support for both direct and mediated models of trauma. The acuteness of trauma (time since release), appraisal ...

Peer rejection and aggression in the early school years were examined for their relevance to early starting conduct problems. The sample of 657 boys and girls from 4 geographical locations was followed from 1st through 4th grades. Peer rejection in 1st grade added incrementally to the prediction of early starting ...

It is argued that people work on 6 interrelated general problems, called key problems, which are necessarily simply conceived and therefore open to a priori identification. Key problems demand separate attention, and, with children below 9 years of age and again between 10 and 17 years of age, and with ...

The present paper examines whether there are gender differences in the associations between conduct problems and risk factors such as family conditions, peer influence, leisure activities, school-related variables and pubertal timing. We analysed self-reported data collected as part of a large general population study of Norwegian adolescents (N=9342). On the ...

Over the past 10 years, there has been increasing recognition of the importance of eating problems in young children. Paediatricians are now also recognizing the importance of managing this problem in the context of a wide range of medical disorders. Multidisciplinary assessment and treatment is essential to manage the wide ...

The nature of nerves is the subject of a growing and dynamic body of anthropological research. The term nerves is often conceptualized as hard to define. Its meaning carries ambiguities, inconsistencies, and variation, although it is connected to reactions to the hardships of life. In the West, it is often ...

The objective of this study was to identify sociodemographic, work, living arrangement and lifestyle factors associated with morbidity of electronics women workers in selected factories in Selangor, Malaysia. The research design was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. Most of the 401 respondents were young single Malay women. Morbidity was high as ...

Methamphetamine use has clearly reached epidemic proportions in large parts of the western and midwestern US. Because of the regional specificity of methamphetamine use, there is speculation that it may be a temporary problem and not a long-term public health problem. Unfortunately there are a number of factors that suggest ...

This paper describes a bias problem encountered in a machine learning approach to outcome prediction in anticoagulant drug therapy. The outcome to be predicted is a measure of the clotting time for the patient; this measure is continuous and so the prediction task is a regression problem. Artificial neural networks ...

Stroke onset causes disruption of family roles as caregiving tasks are assumed. The current study presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the problems of 123 older, spousal stroke caregivers. Problems were coded into 14 categories; frequencies of occurrence and difficulty were also analyzed. Differences in problem difficulties were examined ...

Results for 160 samples of disaster victims were coded as to sample type, disaster type, disaster location, outcomes and risk factors observed, and overall severity of impairment. In order of frequency, outcomes included specific psychological problems, nonspecific distress, health problems, chronic problems in living, resource loss, and problems specific to ...

An animal-health monitoring system in the Gyeongnam area was started in 1997 to develop statistically valid data for use in estimating disease frequencies in dairy cattle, and the associated costs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe what was done to implement and maintain the system in Gyeongnam; ...

This study examined how eating problems are linked to autonomy and intimacy in the observed interactions of 88 diabetic girls (M = 14.9 years) and their mothers. On the basis of self-reported symptoms, teens were classified as having no eating problems (n = 40), mild eating problems (n = 30), ...

A course in psychosocial oncology for nurses was developed and evaluated within the framework of a prospective randomised study. Six nurses participated. Areas covered were basic techniques for assessment of psychosocial problems, for relieving anxiety and depression, solving problems in conjunction with treatment and disease, and improving communication. Participants met ...

BACKGROUND: Problem behaviours that occur during Alzheimer's disease (AD) can have major impact on caregivers. How caregivers react to these behaviours may determine the total impact experienced from caregiving. PURPOSE: This study examined the relationships between problematic behaviours and caregiving impact in 30 primary caregivers of persons with AD. The ...

The aim of the study was to provide a standardisation of self-reported competencies and emotional/behavioural problems among Swedish adolescents, using the Youth Self-Report (YSR). The YSR was completed by 2522 adolescents aged 13-18 years, recruited from secondary and upper secondary schools in different regions in Sweden. The results showed that ...

The aim of this study is to estimate the quality of life postlaryngectomy. A questionnaire was used. Fifty-six patients were enrolled answering 26 questions. The mean age was 60.2 (40-76) years and median post-treatment time 43 (7-120) months. The most frequent complaints of the patients were increased bronchial discharge (66%) ...

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the course of psychopathology from adolescence into adulthood is needed to answer questions concerning origins and prognosis of psychopathology across a wide age range. AIMS: To investigate the 10-year course and predictive value of self-reported problems in adolescence in relation to psychopathology in adulthood. METHOD: Subjects from ...

Longitudinal studies of adults have reported finding insomnia to significantly predict onset of substance abuse. This study estimated the association between sleep problems and substance use among adolescents in the context of psychiatric problems. Data come from the US National Household Survey on Drug Abuse 1994-1996 that included 13,831 adolescents. ...

BACKGROUND: Crush syndrome resulting from earthquakes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, as seen during the catastrophic Marmara earthquake that struck Northwestern Turkey in August 1999. This report analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of the crush syndrome victims of this disaster. METHODS: In order to analyze the nephrological problems ...

While particular attention is paid to the nature and content of anatomy curricula, little has been published about the actual problem topics/concepts experienced by students of anatomy. This information is relevant to modifying existing courses and methods of teaching. The present study thus sought to identify, by means of a ...