The slow passage problem through a resonance is considered. As a model problem, we consider a damped harmonically forced oscillator whose forcing frequency is slowly ramped linearly in time. The setup is similar to the familiar slow passage through a Hopf bifurcation problem, where for slow variations of the control ...

Despite anecdotal evidence that the quality of governance in recipient countries affects the allocation of international health aid, there is no quantitative evidence on the magnitude of this effect, or on which dimensions of governance influence donor decisions. We measure health-aid flows over 1995-2006 for 109 aid recipients, matching aid ...

Respiratory failure and dysfunction are common problems in many neurodegenerative conditions. Although physiotherapists manage these problems, it is not known which treatments have been studied and their efficacy. To review evidence on the management of respiratory problems in people with neurodegenerative conditions using the PRISMA approach. Comprehensive searches were conducted ...

Poverty is highly concentrated in countries affected by armed conflict which are the furthest from reaching the Millennium Development Goals. Tracking aid patterns for health is crucial for improving the effectiveness of external aid to countries affected by armed conflict which tend to depend heavily upon external assistance and also ...

A questionnaire was distributed to the state veterinary services of all 172 OIE countries to collect data on the different national approaches to dog population control. We used all 81 completed questionnaires with ≥80% of the question answered to identify the different national approaches to the issue. The intensity of ...

In developing countries, lack of over-the-road transportation reduces a vast number of disabled people to a life of begging, dependency and social isolation. Although there have been some excellent efforts to provide low-cost wheelchairs and hand-powered tricycles, little has been done to further provide transport for disabled people. To address ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The achievement of significant reductions in the price of antiretroviral drugs constitutes one of the main economic pillars of antiretroviral treatment scale-up in developing countries. Today this economic pillar is threatened. RECENT FINDINGS: The prohibitive prices of newer first-line and second-line regimens have created a watershed in ...

Transfusion transmitted Chagas disease was recognized as a medical problem more than 50 years ago. However, little attention was paid to it by Transfusion Medicine, medical authorities or regulatory agencies as a major problem and threat (especially after the advent of HIV/AIDS); perhaps because it was mainly restricted to tropical ...

This address is an exploration of a lifetime of disparate and often conflicting observations about how different people view what is right and good for agriculture, food, and farmers around the world. The exploration utilizes the concept of wicked problems to focus on the issue of differing historical interpretations of ...

A fast crack profile reconstitution model in nondestructive testing is developed using an arrayed eddy current sensor. The inverse problem is based on an iterative solving of the direct problem using genetic algorithms. In the direct problem, assuming a current excitation, the incident field produced by all the coils of ...

Over 85% of equids live in developing countries, where they are usually used for work. We aimed to identify environmental factors associated with potential welfare problems in working equids, helping target welfare interventions towards the most vulnerable animals. Over 5 years, non-invasive behavioural and physical data were collected from 5481 ...

Although developed countries have largely eliminated the problem of paraffin ingestion in young children, many developing countries have not. Paraffin, used as a home energy source, particularly in rural area, accounts for a significant percent of paediatric poisoning and can lead to serious health problems, complications and death. This paper ...

The response of groups to pressing medical problems cannot be predicted on theoretical grounds. An example is the program for the control of beta-thalassemia in Iran, a country with a tradition of inbreeding and a conservative religious culture, and in which thalassemia is common. Thalassemia is largely treatable, but the ...

A study was made of the possible similarity between the development of truncated, inviscid turbulence and the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) problem. For the case of a constant time scale, which resembles the FPU problem, a significant increase in the time to achieve equipartition was found when the initial energy was decreased. ...

The circulation of substandard medicines in the developing world is a serious clinical and public health concern. Problems include under or over concentration of ingredients, contamination, poor quality ingredients, poor stability and inadequate packaging. There are multiple causes. Drugs manufactured for export are not regulated to the same standard as ...

The domestic buffalo is an indispensable livestock resource to millions of smallholder farmers in developing countries, particularly in Asia. Although its reproductive biology is basically similar to that of cattle, there are important differences and unique characteristics that need to be considered in order to apply modern reproductive technologies to ...

The Mekong River Basin possesses the region's largest potential water source and related resources, which support ongoing economic development and basin community livelihoods. It is currently witnessing a major demographic transition that is creating both opportunities and challenges. An analysis of the complex relationship between demographic changes and impacts on ...

Documented launch delays and the ensuing debate over their underlying causes have focused on assessment from the individual country's perspective. Seen in a larger game theoretical framework this may cause problems, because although the countries see an individual game, the pharmaceutical firm sees a repeated linked game. The links are ...

During natural disasters such as earthquakes or tsunamis, most of the casualties are known to suffer from musculoskeletal injuries. This leads to an enormous need of orthopaedic (surgical) implants such as osteosynthesis plates, which are difficult to provide in developing countries that rely on imported ones. One of the alternatives ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Guidelines for how a member of the public should give first aid to a person who is becoming psychotic have been developed for English-speaking countries. However, these guidelines may not be appropriate for use in other cultures. A study was therefore carried out to examine whether it was ...

Equipment donations to colleagues working in developing countries may be a very effective form of aid, provided that the items supplied follow international guidelines and are practical for the receiving unit. A number of predictable difficulties may arise during the process and this article demonstrates what can be achieved by ...

The strategy of directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) is achieving substantial progress in coverage and quality improvements worldwide. However, the problem of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has emerged as a new challenge to TB control in both developing and industrialized countries. The effort of various countries of the Pacific Rim ...

The paper presents a web-based application, developed as a part of the Eurethnet database network, which is being used by project partners from EU New Member States to collect bibliographic records from bioethics domains. The application development was focused mainly on records compatibility with other Eurethnet databases, support for all ...

The general idea of the study is to address and explain the current process of establishing new economic relations in forestry-in-transition and asess opportunities for its sustainable development mainly by histirical and political analyses approach. The scientific value of the study derives from the elaboration of multidisciplinary knowledge and the ...

I conducted case studies on the level of political priority given to maternal mortality reduction in 5 countries: Guatemala, Honduras, India, Indonesia, and Nigeria. Among the factors that shaped political priority were international agency efforts to establish a global norm about the unacceptability of maternal death; those agencies' provision of ...

This paper presents new evidence on the evolution of adult height in 10 European countries for cohorts born between 1950 and 1980 using the European Community Household Panel (ECHP), which collects height data from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden. Our findings show a gradual ...

Drug development attrition rates are rising and late phase attrition remains high, contributing to an unsustainable increase in R&D spending. Consequently, there is much effort to identify the potentially successful molecules earlier in development with the use of biomarkers to predict potential efficacy and safety. However, focussing only on picking ...

The commitment of high-level government leaders is widely recognized as a key factor in curbing national AIDS epidemics. But where does such leadership come from? This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the determinants of AIDS leadership in 54 developing countries, using the 2003 AIDS Program Effort Index "political support" ...

The Healthy Cities network in Europe was inspired by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion when it was launched in 1987. The networking process was initiated by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, but developed its own dynamics in different European countries during a time marked by fundamental political transformations ...

The study aimed to investigate the strategies health professionals use in HIV/AIDS counseling. This study is a qualitative research, based on Paulo Freire's theory and practice. Bardin's content analysis was used as the analysis technique. For the studied group, the counseling is focused on cognition, although new concepts permeating this ...

What happens when you have a dangerous employee in your workplace? How can you tell? What can you do about it? What does the law require? If you manage to get rid of the dangerous employee, are you off the hook? These questions are defining the cutting edge of employment ...

The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) established goals for the expansion of population assistance. To date, the financial promises made by donor countries in 1994 have not been met. To unravel the gap between ambitions and contributions, we use panel estimation methods to see what lies behind ...

Over the past few decades, we have seen many joint programmes between developed countries and developing countries to help the latter in managing their earthquake risks. These programmes span the whole spectrum of disciplines from seismology and geology to engineering, social science and economics. Many of these programmes have been ...

Complex emergencies (CEs) have been the most common human-generated disaster of the past two decades. These internal conflicts and associated acts of genocide have been poorly understood and poorly managed. This article provides an epidemiological background and understanding of developing and developed countries, and chronic or smoldering countries' CEs, and ...

The FAO World Food Summit (WFS) in 1996 set the goal of halving the numbers of the global population suffering hunger by the year 2015, which was later incorporated into the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDG) that commit the international community to an expanded vision of development, and one that ...

Millions of people are continue to die each year from HIV/AIDS. The majority of infected persons (>95%) live in the developing world. A worthy response to this pandemic will require coordinated, scalable, and flexible information systems. We describe the OpenMRS system, an open source, collaborative effort that can serve as ...

The countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) are experiencing overlapping, interrelated and severe epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), HIV and intravenous drug use. There are reasons to believe that better control of STD in these countries will contribute to the amelioration of these problems. A project was carried ...

This report is intended to be a West African contribution to a global study of IIED on community wildlife management issues. Its geographic focus is the 16 member countries of the Economic Community Of West African States (ECOWAS), including 9 francophone countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali, Ivory-Coast, Mauritania, Senegal, ...

In Asia and the Far East, livestock undergo major suffering due to malnutrition, overloading, and ill-treatment. At slaughter animals are handled roughly and watch other animals being killed; stunning is not practised. Cruelty to other animals such as elephants, horses, donkeys, bears, dogs, and circus animals has largely been prevented ...

Uzbekistan is located on the cross-roads from the north--Russia, Western Europe--to the south--Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and others. The appearance of terrorist organizations urged some Asian countries to make the nuclear weapons, the making the task of stopping the transportation of nuclear materials and technologies from the north (from countries possessing ...

This paper is restricted to the discussion of the relatively modern disorder of sudden painful inability to urinate in older men. It was not a common medical problem until the 19th century when, in developed countries, male life expectancy increased to beyond 60 years; it remains an uncommon problem in ...

The main aim of this article is to examine and review the usage of forests for the purpose of tourism in Turkey with the case study of Antalya-Belek. The use and conversion of forest lands is central to tourism development. Land use change is responsible for the majority of the ...

Although the rate of congenital syphilis is declining in developed countries, a significant increase has been observed in the underdeveloped countries. Unfortunately, little concern is raised about the increasing numbers of babies born with congenital syphilis. The procedure to prevent congenital syphilis through antenatal screening and treatment is well established. ...

There is general agreement that the internet is the major means of future scientific communication and education. However not everybody appreciates that the development of electronic communication in industrialized societies is not matched, even to a small extent, in developing countries. Several new technologies offer the potential for developing countries ...

Although poliomyelitis remained endemic in only six countries at the end of 2003, a resurgence of polio occurred in 2004, originating in Nigeria and resulting in the export of wild poliovirus (WPV) into the polio-free countries of western and central Africa. However, progress toward interrupting WPV transmission continued during 2004 ...

Pharmaceutical manufacturers have increased the availability of their products and sometimes increased their own financial returns by charging lower prices outside of the US and by discounting to lower-income patients in the US. Examples include discounted HIV-AIDS drugs in developing countries and pharmaceutical manufacturers' discount cards in the US. Representatives ...

AIMS: To determine the sickness absence frequency in European Union (EU) countries. METHODS: Sickness absence was measured by questionnaire using the Third European Survey on Working Conditions. Employees were considered to have sickness absence if they reported to be absent at least one day in the past 12 months because ...

A lot of legends have been created around the Aral Sea. Some of them were born during the Soviet time but there are already new ones that have arrived recently. Those legends came to be the barriers to solving the problem. There are also barriers created by the status quo ...

Depending on their legislation, the European countries have different telematics initiatives and different scenarios. Cultural roots cause differences even within a country or a region, and different organisational structures can cause further problems. With regard to the Italian telematics approach, the author intends to explain the basis and the main ...

Malnutrition remains a major problem in both developing and industrialized countries and is getting worse in selected settings. However, progress has been made in alleviating malnutrition, and the motivation and tools for tackling malnutrition and its consequences have never been more favorable than they are now. Indeed, the genomic developments ...