Underage alcohol use remains a significant public health problem throughout the United States and has important consequences for the health of individuals and communities. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of distributing an alcohol retailer toolkit via direct mail on increasing positive alcohol retailer attitudes towards ...

OBJECTIVE: To review and critique the published empirical research on decision aids for women actually facing surgical treatment of early stage breast cancer, synthesize findings across studies related to outcomes of decision aids use with specific attention to the influence of system and client characteristics, and identify opportunities for further ...

Background: Low adherence of older people to multiple medicine regimens is of widespread concern, and multi-compartment compliance aids are frequently supplied to older people in an attempt to improve their ability to take all their medicines at home. However, the evidence base for the use of such aids is very ...

Abstract. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) significantly reduced the toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) incidence in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The TE incidence and mortality were evaluated in an AIDS cohort followed in Puerto Rico before, during, and after HAART implementation in the Island. Of the 2,431 AIDS studied patients 10.9% ...

Over the past few decades, pediatric obesity has become a national epidemic. Up to one third of American children and adolescents currently meet criteria as overweight or obese, placing them at risk for obesity into adulthood. Multiple acute and chronic medical conditions are increasing in prevalence among youth due to ...

Background This is the first study of suicide attempts and completions in the emergency department (ED) in a large national medical system. Methods All root cause analysis (RCA) reports completed of suicides and suicide attempts that occurred in ED in the Veterans Health Administration between 1 December 1999 and 31 ...

Given the higher risk of AIDS-defining malignancies that include Kaposi sarcoma (KS), certain non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), and cervical cancer in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the HIV epidemic has likely contributed to the overall numbers of these cancers in the United States. To quantify the proportions of KS, ...

This article describes problems identified by older primary care patients enrolled in Problem Solving Therapy (PST), and explores factors associated with successful problem resolution. PST patients received 1 to 8, 45-min sessions with a social worker. Patients identified problems in their lives and directed the focus of subsequent sessions as ...

Gambling addiction can have numerous deleterious consequences for the gambler, his/her family and society, but most gamblers go undiagnosed and untreated because of various patient- and clinician-related factors. This article outlines gambling and related problems, and the screening, assessment and treatment of gambling addiction.

Children's developmental problems vary, with some easier to identify than others. The accuracy of caregivers' initial identification of children's developmental problems is important in the timely treatment of those problems by medical professionals. In this study, we investigated the degree to which caregivers' initial identification of children's developmental problems matched ...

In Africa, the need for palliative care provision is escalating with an increasing number of people living with HIV/AIDS, coupled with rising cancer and AIDS-related cancer diagnoses. In Uganda there is a shortage of doctors, particularly in rural areas. To address this Hospice Africa Uganda developed a Community Volunteer Programme ...

The Community Coalition Action Theory (CCAT) blends practice wisdom with empirical data to explain how community coalitions achieve community change and community capacity outcomes. The current study uses data from an evaluation of 20 California Healthy Cities and Communities coalitions to test relationships between coalition factors and outcomes as predicted ...

ABSTRACTSpeakers often anticipate how recipients will interpret their utterances. If they wish some other, less obvious interpretation, they may 'mark' their utterance (e.g. with special intonations or facial expressions). We investigated whether two- and three-year-olds recognize when adults mark a non-verbal communicative act - in this case a pointing gesture ...

PURPOSE: This study investigated the predictors of rehabilitation intervention decisions in middle-aged and older adults with acquired hearing impairment seeking help for the first time. METHOD: Using shared decision making, 139 participants were offered intervention options: hearing aids, communication programs (group or individual), and no intervention. Multivariate analysis (logistic regression) ...

Behavioral research has shown that arithmetic problems (e.g., 6+2 =) are solved with various strategies which can be inferred from the size of the presented problems or from trial-by-trial verbal strategy reports. The validity of these verbal strategy reports, however, has been repeatedly questioned. In the present electroencephalography study, we ...

This clinical report describes the treatment of an edentulous patient with previous radiation therapy to the base of the tongue. A computer-aided manufactured titanium framework was used to fabricate the implant-supported fixed complete denture and meet the functional and psychosocial needs of the patient.

Research indicates that augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) approaches can be used effectively by patients and their caregivers to improve communication skills. This article highlights strategies and tools for re-establishing communication competence by considering the complexity and diversity of communication interactions in an effort to maximize natural speech and language ...

ABSTRACT: Study Design: Secondary analysis within a large clinical trialObjective: To evaluate the changes in treatment preference before and after watching a video decision aid as part of an informed consent process.Summary of Background Data: A randomized trial with a similar decision aid in herniated disc patients had shown decreased ...

Objectives. To investigate the association between learning difficulties (LDs) and behavioural and emotional problems of 8-year-old children in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n=9432). Study design. A cross-sectional study. Methods. Teachers assessed children's behaviour with a Rutter scale (RB2) and assessed their learning with questions about whether a child ...

: To assess the impact of HAART use on AIDS-defining Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) among adults with AIDS. : Registry linkage study. : Adults diagnosed with AIDS from 1990 to 2000 in the San Francisco AIDS case registry were matched with cancer cases diagnosed from 1985 to 2002 ...

Individuals with Personality Disorders (PDs) have difficulties to modulate mental states and cope with interpersonal problems according to a mentalistic formulation of the problem. In this article we analyzed the first 16 psychotherapy sessions of 14 PD patients in order to explore whether their abilities to master distress and interpersonal ...

AIM: Annually, more than 127,000 people are killed and at least 2.4 million people injured in road accidents in Europe. Consequently, in half of all countries in the European Union a first aid and basic life support course has become mandatory for learner drivers. The aim of this study was ...

Background: Immigration can affect the evolution of TB as an AIDS-defining disease (AIDS-TB).Methods: The Barcelona AIDS register for 1994-2005 was analyzed, and the global characteristics of AIDS-TB and AIDS-non-TB cases were compared. The Mantel-Haenszel test was used in the trend analysis, and logistic regression was used in the multivariate analysis.Results: ...

Laryngeal histoplasmosis is very rare among patients with HIV and very few cases have so far been documented. We report a case of laryngeal histoplasmosis in a patient with no prior AIDS defining diagnosis, which mimicked epithelial neoplasia, and was treated successfully with oral fluconazole.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients are at risk for additional autoimmune diseases (AID). Objective: To compare the characteristics of associated autoimmunity among familial (parent-offspring and sib-pair) subgroups and sporadic T1D patients. Patients and Methods: Data regarding AID in T1D patients and their nuclear family members were extracted from medical ...

This paper addresses the Surgical Case Assignment Problem with an objective of minimizing the total unexploited and operating cost. A two-stage ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is introduced and its performance is evaluated by comparing its solutions to the solutions of Branch and Bound and a global solver. The results ...

This case study identifies a situation in which there exists a set of preconditions for the successful application of evidence based practice to bear on the community based problem of youth violence. The concept of readiness to change and its impact on the success or failure of interventions designed to ...

Respondents were asked their beliefs about gambling abuse as part of a general population telephone survey. The random digit dialing survey consisted of 8,467 interviews of adults, 18 years and older, from Ontario, Canada (45% male; mean age = 46.2). The predominant conception of gambling abuse was that of an addiction, similar to ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate survival time for AIDS patients 13 years and older in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, according to socio-demographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics. The sample was selected from all cases diagnosed in 1998 and 1999 and notified to the Epidemiological Surveillance ...

BACKGROUND: Data from randomized trials on the development of anaemia after interruption of therapy are not well-described. METHODS: A total of 2,248 patients from the SMART study were included. We used Cox proportional hazards models to investigate development of new (≤12 mg/dl for females and ≤14 mg/dl for males) or ...

The objective of this study was to assess the profile of AIDS-related deaths in the post antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale up period in Brazil. A case-control study was conducted including a nationally probabilistic sample of AIDS deaths and living controls. Data were abstracted from medical records and nation-wide databases of ...

Suicide is an act of intentionally terminating one's own life. Although suicide rates vary across demographic categories, they have increased by approximately 60% in the last 50 years. Many studies of adolescent suicidal behavior have noted impulsivity to be a common feature in the younger age group, while with older ...

Research has evidenced the benefits of using information and communications technology (ICT) in chronic disease management including improving information availability, communication methods and raising individual patient's self-awareness of their own conditions. Extending ICT use to support patients in the community through online services draws attention to the complex task of ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate strategies by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to expand the municipal response to AIDS. Cities "included" and "not included" in Federal strategies for "municipalization" of the response were compared according to the response profile and trends in the epidemic. Multinomial logistic regression ...

From 2005-2007, there were 622 deaths associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Eclampsia was the major cause of death (n = 344; 55.3%). There were 173 (28.3%) deaths due to pre-eclampsia, and 38 (6.1%) associated with chronic hypertension. Cerebral complications were the final cause of death in 283 (45.5%), while ...

People with psychological problems face important challenges in obtaining high quality healthcare. We review evidence on the experience of primary care by people with mental health problems, including reasons why their care may be reported as worse than other groups. In the 2009 English GP Patient Survey, 5.7% of 2,163,456 ...

This article discusses the importance of and one approach to translational research to prevent internalizing problems very early in life. The World Health Organisation (WHO) predicts that by 2,030 internalizing problems will be second only to HIV/AIDS in the international burden of disease. Internalizing problems affect one in every seven ...

The Joint Commission has issued a Sentinel Event Alert about patient suicides in the ED and med/surg units because they represent environments that are distinct from that of the psych unit.The ED faces special challenges because of its fast-paced environment. Recognize and look for psychiatric issues that might be the ...

Objective. Auto-inflammatory diseases (AIDs) are characterized by recurrent self-limiting systemic inflammation. In a multicentre effort, we set out to register genetic, epidemiological and clinical features as well as prognostic factors of these diseases by prospective longitudinal and long-term documentation, in order to define novel AIDs and to better understand treatment ...

Recently there has been enormous progress in couple infertility treatment and diagnostics. Some couples cannot conceive despite the fact that there seems to be no objective somatic or immunologic reasons. In such situations gynaecologists are helpless and couples may be overwhelmed by a sense of defeat and hopelessness. Thus, consulting ...

Patients understand information about risk better if it is communicated in numerical or visual formats (e.g. graphs) compared to verbal qualifiers only. How frequently different communication formats are used in clinical primary care settings is unknown. We collected socioeconomic and patient understanding data using questionnaires and audio-recorded consultations about cardiovascular ...

To determine the prevalence of health problems uncovered by a Standardized Assessment for Elderly Patients in a Primary Care Setting (STEP), to explore how often STEP uncovered conditions new to general practitioners (GP) and ascertain how often STEP results led GPs to plan further interventions. This descriptive, interim analysis was ...

Background: Psychiatric epidemiology is an important cornerstone of research in psychiatry and integral for the treatment and care of people suffering from psychiatric disorders. However, psychiatric epidemiology is a difficult science, which is often beset with methodological problems. Aims: In light of this, the current review sought to explore 13 ...

In 2007, the year for which the most recent national data on fatalities are available, 34,598 suicides occurred in the United States (rate: 11.3 per 100,000 population); 79% were among males. In 2009, an estimated 374,486 visits to hospital emergency departments occurred for self-inflicted injury, of which approximately 262,000 (70%) ...

The aim of the present study was to examine whether transference work, the therapeutic alliance, and their interaction predicted a reduction in interpersonal problems at treatment termination. Forty-nine patients with Cluster C personality disorders from a randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive therapy were ...

Obesity and other eating-related problems are widespread and are associated with harmful physical, psychological, and social problems. The dramatic increases in rates of pediatric obesity has created a mounting need for psychologists and other mental health care providers to play a significant role in the assessment and treatment of youth ...

Abstract Objectives. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between obesity and emotional and behavioural problems in a nationally representative sample of young children. Methods. Data were available from 11 202 children (50% boys) participating in the UK's Millennium Cohort Study. Height and weight were measured at 3 and 5 years ...

This study investigated patient-therapist agreement and therapist consensus of patients' interpersonal problems. The sample comprised 199 patients, who answered a questionnaire addressing interpersonal problems. At the same time, each patient was rated by two therapists on an observer version of the same questionnaire. The participants came from 10 different treatment ...

This study investigated patient-therapist agreement and therapist consensus of patients' interpersonal problems. The sample comprised 199 patients, who answered a questionnaire addressing interpersonal problems. At the same time, each patient was rated by two therapists on an observer version of the same questionnaire. The participants came from 10 different treatment ...

PURPOSE: The literature highlights the confusion amongst women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) about aspects of their disease and treatment and the wide variation in how doctors communicate about DCIS. The DCIS communication aid (CA) was developed to assist clinicians to communicate with women diagnosed with DCIS and ...