Transmission of eltor cholera infection in endemic communities continues without diminishing because of the absence of effective intervention measures. Two methods-chlorination of stored water and the use of a narrow-necked earthenware vessel (called a 'sorai') for storing the water-were found to be effective in reducing the transmission of infection among ...

Sexual abuse of women by husbands or long-term lovers is emerging as a significant problem in our society. Identification and treatment of this problem by the psychiatric community may be constricted by a value system that condones secrecy and tolerates abuse. This paper focuses on the significant clinical issues in ...

There are problems with physicians' knowledge of homosexuality, both in concept and in medical factors. Many physicians do not know what to consider in dealing with a gay patient, nor how to search out the problems. A fictional case history illustrates that a lack of empathy, awareness and clinical suspicion ...

An investigation study of 90 cases in which a baby had been born with cystic fibrosis, oesophageal atresia, Hirschsprung's disease or an anorectal malformation was undertaken to establish the duration of the prediagnostic phase and the difficulties experienced by parents before discharge from the maternity home. The congenital anomalies requiring ...

Over the past 10 years new imaging and interventional techniques have drastically changed the ease and scope of urologic diagnosis and treatment. It is both rewarding and exciting to approach each clinical problem with a broad armamentarium of available studies, always seeking the most efficient and direct route to diagnosis. ...

If most emotional problems, like most medical problems, are caused by bad luck as well as by factors over which man has control, then those who suffer from such problems must accept a burden of helplessness. When patients and their families overuse theories of causality to avoid accepting their helplessness ...

This article describes the San Francisco Prevention Project, a community level intervention designed to prevent alcohol-related problems. The intervention is based on a systems perspective and merges academic and practical perspectives at the community level. The project uses a three component approach of research, community education, and planning for action. ...

Inhalant use and related background characteristics are examined for participants in state-funded drug abuse prevention programs in Texas. Inhalant use was found to be a significant problem among Mexican-American youth in low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Frequent users of inhalers were consistently distinguished from nonusers and less frequent inhalers on a number ...

Despite awareness of the wide variety of clinical and laboratory abnormalities associated with alcohol abuse, drinking problems often remain undetected in clinical practice. There is increasing evidence that problem drinking can be successfully treated by brief intervention. The general practitioner is in a good position to identify patients who drink ...

Psychological problem frequencies of very ill, homebound cancer patients were studied using an instrument entitled "Psychosocial Problem Categories for Homebound Cancer Patients." This instrument contains thirteen major categories of problems and fifty individual problems. A total of 570 patient records were obtained from two visiting nurse agencies in two different ...

This paper is concerned with the strategic uses of paradoxical communication in therapy. Eight more or less distinct uses of paradoxical communication are described, and the proposition is put forward that the paradoxical interventions associated with the Milan group differ from those described by Haley and the Palo Alto group ...

The role of values in the design of community interventions is discussed. It is argued that participation in the design of community interventions by community members and professional staff associated with the problem of interest is congruent with the values of community psychology. The application and empirical support for the ...

This report addresses conceptual and practical problems in evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention which used a pyramid training model for improving helping skills for informal helpers in two rural communities. Against a background for a study of help-giving and help-seeking patterns, the transmission of helping skills from professional to ...

Within the authoritative role, the telephone counselor engages the caller in realistic talk of dying in an effort to reinstate control. Anxiety reduction is accomplished through problem clarification. Narrowing down open negative statements reduces diffuse anxiety, while reinterpreting events reduces energized anxiety. To provide hope, care can be proven as ...

We studied the frequency of ethical problems in a general medical ward at a university hospital, using a quasi-experimental prospective design. In the baseline period, ethical problems were determined by self-report of residents. In the intervention period, one of us (B.L.) was a participant-observer during attending rounds. Ethical problems were ...

A review of theoretical mechanisms underlying paradoxical interventions is undertaken in an effort to classify them into three broad types: redefinition, symptom escalation and crisis induction, and redirection. A list of individual and family patient characteristics and problems particularly applicable to each type of paradoxical intervention is presented along with ...

Six acute-care teaching hospitals participated in a study to determine the validity of a problem-outcome classification system. Three hundred and forty-three randomly selected clients of 152 social workers served as external sources to determine the validity of the instrument. In 77 percent of the problems, social workers and clients agreed ...

This paper describes the use of paradoxical interventions to change the resistant behaviors of community home residents who were formerly institutionalized in state hospitals and in state schools for the retarded for an average of 27 years. The paradoxical interventions were used following prior therapeutic failures using more traditional behavioral ...

The rationale and nature of a program to train nonprofessional child-aides for helping interactions with young acting-out school children are described. Pre/post teacher measures of children's problems and competencies, aide measures of problem behavior, and school mental health professionals' change in behavior estimates were used to evaluate the program's effectiveness. ...

This paper describes an ethnographic study of temporality among a group of 32 mentally retarded adults. Data were collected by participant observers over a period of 18 months. The findings indicate that retarded individuals may experience and employ a notion of time that varies substantially from that of mainstream American ...

The problem in this case was not so much the diagnosis as the etiology and its possible consequences. I am sure we all agree that a good history is important, but are we practicing what we preach? Judge for yourself.

This presentation focuses on the difficulties encountered in trying to judge the impact of psychosocial factors on a major medical problem. The final diagnosis was a surprise to all concerned in the management of a very difficult patient.

This presentation, in addition to the diagnostic challenge, brings into focus two problems associated with the practice of medicine. The first is: How far is far enough to go in search of a diagnosis? The second concerns the physician's dilemma when he disagrees with his consultants. As is customary in ...

Current investigations of telephone crisis intervention effectiveness have neglected the evaluation of broad patterns of interaction between the crisis center and the larger community. This study describes the development and implementation of a Caller Frequency Category System (CAFS) which is based upon the frequency and type of contacts between callers ...

This presentation demonstrates that familiarity with patients' problems, as experienced in family practice, can be a double edged sword. The reader is invited to participate in solving the case; the diagnosis is therefore not revealed until the end of the presentation.

The major difficulties for physicians and patients alike in the management of obesity are lack of goals, poor understanding of their roles in diet therapy and often a negative, helpless attitude toward therapy itself. Physicians clearly have a key role as coordinators of a weight reduction program, through their skills ...

'Checkups' are supposed to be good preventive medicine, but it appears that society cannot bear the costs of an expanded annual physical for everyone. Family physicians have an obligation to make rational efforts at prevention; this article reviews present epidemiologic and scientific knowledge about the value of the possible components ...

All too frequently, a patient's family history is not taken, or only one or two perfunctory questions are asked. Many data may thereby be omitted which might have been very useful in solving the patient's problems. The lack of a genetic history may delay the formulation of a complete problem ...

PURPOSE: To review literature specific to the use of AAC with adults who have severe aphasia. METHOD: The authors reviewed studies involving AAC interventions for adults with severe aphasia. RESULTS: Published data support the use of aided and unaided AAC with adults with severe aphasia in controlled treatment contexts. Reported ...

The population problem has no technical solution; it requires a fundamental extension in morality.