We conducted virus-isolation studies on 56 specimens from the nervous system of 45 patients in order to determine whether human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type III (HTLV-III) is directly involved in the pathogenesis of the neurologic disorders frequently encountered in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the AIDS-related complex. We recovered ...

The inability to communicate personal needs, feelings, and ideas is a frustrating barrier for nonverbal patients with severe physical disabilities. It hampers the physician-patient relationship and medical services. This problem has been diminished with the use of a new communication board for patients with brain stem involvement. The communication board ...

The results of AID in a population with a high incidence of female factors is reported. Thirty-one patients started AID on 35 occasions resulting in 25 pregnancies and a cumulative conception rate of 71% at 8 months. Eleven patients with female factors present became pregnant. Some problems of AID practice ...

The problem cards of 100 patients in a group practice were shared and discussed with the patients concerned. The patients then completed a questionnaire recording their reactions to the experience. Although the sharing of problem cards can cause patients to become anxious and raises the questions of confidentiality, patients' rights ...

The widespread use of coagulation factor concentrates prepared from the blood of numerous donors has doubled the life expectancy of persons with hemophilia, but parenteral exposure to alloantigens and infectious agents is not free of risk. The prevalence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) now approaches 1% in patients with ...

Alloantigen specific primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were examined in vitro in 10 patients with AIDS and nine with AIDS-related complex (ARC). The lymphocytes from patients with AIDS and ARC expressed significantly less (P less than 0.01) CTL activity (mean +/- s.d.; 4.7 +/- 9% and 10 +/- 11% ...

A 42-year-old man who used intravenous drugs had oral candidiasis and weight loss. Careful examination led to a diagnosis of AIDS. The patient subsequently died of disseminated cryptococcosis, systemic candidiasis, and polymicrobial bacteremia. The circumstances and progression noted in this case led to the recommendation that an aggressive screening for ...

The main supporters of 62 patients admitted to a psychogeriatric ward were interviewed to determine the number and nature of problems and how well these problems were tolerated. The problems affecting the supporters' personal and social life were common but well tolerated. The behavioural problems of the patient were multiple ...

Acquired-immunodeficiency-syndrome (AIDS)-associated retroviruses (ARV) have been isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and brain of homosexual men presenting with neurological symptoms. Most of these patients also met the clinical criteria for AIDS. The viruses grew readily in peripheral mononuclear cells and were identified by their induction of cytopathic effects and ARV ...

Recognition of oral and ocular problems is important in the management of arthritis. Although the focus of attention is usually on joint problems, patients with these chronic disorders require a comprehensive approach to their total medical care. Physicians need to watch for physical signs of significant inflammation and should alert ...

EMG representations of jaw muscle contraction levels were measured in dental patients with TMJ problems in addition to history and physical evidence of bruxing and clenching, TMJ problems alone, bruxing and clenching, and no pain. Patients with TMJ problems plus bruxing/clenching had EMG levels similar to those with clenching and ...

A 29-year-old Haitian man with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed disseminated cryptococcosis with an unusual cutaneous presentation. He had numerous hypopigmented papules over his face that clinically resembled molluscum contagiosum. To our knowledge, cutaneous cryptococcosis resembling molluscum contagiosum has not been previously reported. The patient had a T-cell ...

Serum interferon and in vitro production of alpha and gamma interferon by peripheral blood leucocytes were examined in 21 African patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in 15 African patients with AIDS-related complex. Interferon was detected in the serum of 44% of the patients with AIDS-related complex and in ...

Penile curvatures are common. They are caused by tethering inelastic tissues that can be from the skin externally, from the congenital fibrous tissue of hypospadias and epispadias, and from inelastic tunica albuginea as in fractures, trauma, or Peyronie's disease. At the present time, with sexual organs exposed in photographs, human ...

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) characteristically present with repeated pulmonary infections. We present the pathologic findings in lung biopsy specimens from 12 patients with AIDS in whom the histologic spectrum ranged from mild diffuse alveolar damage to frank interstitial fibrosis. In all of these patients, there was no evidence ...

Blood and a variety of tissues from 97 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 25 with the AIDS prodrome were studied ultrastructurally. Tubuloreticular structures (TRS) were found in 85 per cent of the patients with AIDS and in 92 per cent of those with the prodrome. Test tube ...

The production of the T cell lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) was found to impaired in all of seven male patients with AIDS or homosexuals with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (AIDS related complex, AIDS-RC) whom we studied. Conversely the T cell response to IL-2 was found unimpaired as was the production of the ...

Bone marrow biopsies from 30 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), diagnosed according to accepted clinical criteria, were studied in order to determine if characteristic histopathologic features were present. The biopsies were compared with 20 biopsy specimens submitted from patients with fever of unknown origin or with known neoplastic disease, ...

As more individuals whose lives are affected by acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) begin to need psychiatric hospitalization, psychiatric staffs must be prepared to handle the strong feelings aroused by the disease. The authors present case vignettes of four patients with AIDS-related problems admitted to a voluntary acute-stay ward of ...

Depressed T cell immunity is a universal characteristic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In the present study, 25 patients with AIDS and opportunistic infections, 22 individuals with AIDS-related complex (ARC, or chronic lymphadenopathy syndrome), and 20 healthy homosexuals were evaluated by means of the T cell colony assay. Forty-seven ...

We use the catalogue of negative effects of sexual contact with the therapist (part I) to discuss the problems of subsequent therapy. Patient issues center around problems of trust, and anxiety and guilt around eventually exploring characterological issues involved in the sexual contact. From the therapist side (either as consultant ...

The present study was undertaken to determine normal ranges for blood lymphocytes labeled with the monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT11, OKT4, and OKT8 and for the OKT4/OKT8 ratio. In addition, 26 patients with AIDS, 51 AIDS suspects, and 44 patients with infections were studied. The results of these determinations from six ...

Immunological and mycological investigations were carried out in 21 Swedish homosexual males. One of them had AIDS, one pre-AIDS and 19 lymphadenopathy of whom 18 fulfilled the criteria of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) as defined by the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, (CDC). The patients were investigated immunologically with respect ...

Patients with the borderline syndrome, although not always the sickest patients, often cause the most difficulty because of their intense and contagious affects, their often impulsive behavior, and the strains they place on the treaters' countertransference. The author explores the hitherto ignored area of medicolegal problems that often arise in ...

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from male homosexuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and with AIDS related complex (ARC) were examined for the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) between responder T and irradiated autologous non-T cells and in vitro influence of purified human interleukin-1 (IL-1) and -2 (IL-2) on the ...

In order to determine whether there exists a distinct immunological profile that discriminates between healthy homosexual men and those expressing persistent generalized hyperplastic lympadenopathy GHL and which of the observed abnormalities in GHL would be most indicative of patients who would eventually develop AIDS, we evaluated T lymphocyte subset and ...

Infectious retroviruses have been detected in 22 of 45 randomly selected patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in other individuals from San Francisco. The AIDS-associated retroviruses (ARV) studied in detail had a type D morphology, Mg2+-dependent reverse transcriptase, and cytopathic effects on lymphocytes. The viruses can be propagated ...

An epidemic of cases of toxoplasmic encephalitis is occurring in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Serological or histopathologic studies were performed on 70 cases with AIDS and toxoplasmic encephalitis. In many cases conventional stains of brain-tissue specimens failed to disclose Toxoplasma organisms; all were positive when stained by ...

Postmarketing surveillance data on 29,075 patients who received Chymodiactin (Smith Laboratories' formulation of chymopapain) intradiscal injections for a herniated lumbar intervertebral disc are summarized and tabulated. The serious adverse reactions reported include death, anaphylaxis, paraplegia, and discitis. Similar problems also have been reported for Discase (Baxter-Travenol's formulation of chymopapain). Of ...

During a two-year period, two drug addicts and one homosexual patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed persistent Salmonella typhimurium or S. enteritidis bacteremia early in the course of their syndrome. A fourth patient, also a male homosexual with recurrent S. typhimurium bacteremia and urinary tract infection, is being closely ...

Thymuses from six heterosexual Haitian patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were studied by light microscopy and the findings were compared with those from three control groups. The control groups included 1) five age-matched Haitian hospital patients; 2) ten age- and sex-matched Montreal patients who had died suddenly ...

The primary cause of impaired vision was retinal pathology for 414 (83%) patients, optic nerve pathology (including glaucoma) for 33 patients (7%), other pathology for 53 (11%) patients. The following optical aids were prescribed: 35 distant spectacle corrections, 159 high-add bifocals, five high-add trifocals, 52 full-size magnifying spectacles, 102 half-eye ...

The presence of mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy was assessed from the chest radiographs of two groups of homosexual men: 30 with diffuse, persistent lymphadenopathy syndrome and 45 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Intrathoracic adenopathy was not seen on the chest radiographs of the 30 men having diffuse, persistent lymphadenopathy and ...

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a recently recognized entity characterized by a deficiency in cell mediated immune response. The syndrome is manifested by the development of otherwise rare malignant neoplasms and severe life-threatening opportunistic infections. Case histories of five AIDS patients evaluated for abdominal pain are presented to demonstrate ...

Forty-one homosexually active men had ophthalmologic and immunologic evaluations. Four of eight with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) had abnormal ocular findings that included cotton-wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, cytomegalovirus, retinitis and conjunctivitis due to cytomegalovirus, and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The other four patients with AIDS and 33 homosexual male controls had ...

Two studies are presented which describe the development of a problem-oriented psychosocial screening instrument for use in health care settings. Reliability and validity data are presented on the Chronic Illness Problem Inventory (CIPI) which demonstrate its ability to document accurately patient's specific problems in areas of physical limitations, psychosocial functioning, ...

Patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are being encountered more and more frequently. Because of their immunosuppressed state, they often present with opportunistic infections of the cerebrum. Herein, the case of a patient with AIDS who had cerebral toxoplasmosis is reported. Although the computed tomographic features are nonspecific for ...

To evaluate the health education component of our National Leprosy Control Programme (NLCP), 955 adult community members and 225 adult leprosy patients were interviewed with a view to assess their awareness about leprosy and participation in NLCP. The early signs/symptoms of leprosy were poorly perceived by the community. Majority of ...

Neopterin excretion in urine of patients with AIDS was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. Urinary neopterin levels in patients with generalized lymphadenopathy, which is considered to be part of the spectrum of AIDS, as well as in severe AIDS cases were significantly elevated, compared to normal controls. This finding ...

One of the many observations of changes in doctor-patient relationships is in regard to psychiatric problems. First, patients have become more sophisticated in their comprehension of these problems and have become more willing than previously to talk about these conditions and simultaneously to be managed for these problems by primary ...

This booklet offers some guidance to the teacher who wishes to produce patient-management problems for use with his students for teaching or assessment. The producer should be familiar with the four phases of problems. The first phase is the provision of information about the patient, the second the request for ...

We describe two helpful technical aids in blepharoplasty. The first is a method of securely holding orbital fat without risk of excessive traction if the patient's head moves. The second involves use of a battery-powered cautery as a safe, convenient cutting instrument.

Telescopic aids for children have received little attention in the ophthalmic literature. What has been written is anecdotal and stresses the negative aspects of mobility with spectacle mounted aids. The benefits of a telescopic system that also maintains the patient's mobility are presented in this article. Mounted high in a ...

The supply and use of aids following total hip replacement was monitored to see why therapists supplied aids and how quickly and why patients stopped using them. Postal questionnaires were sent to 163 patients with unilateral or bilateral osteoarthrosis of the hip or rheumatoid arthritis 2, 6 and 10 weeks ...

In psychiatric literature there is a lack of interest in the psychodynamics of mildly retarded and borderline intelligence adults, despite the fact that these patients are known to be plagued by emotional problems and that their psychic conflicts, mobilization of defenses, and neurotic/psychotic solutions often represent a model of psychodynamic ...

The ocular manifestations of 34 patients with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), are reviewed. Cytomegalovirus retinitis was seen in 18 patients, cotton wool spots were observed in 11 patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; Fungal retinitis and Toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis were each seen in 2 patients. A review of literature regarding ...

Patients with oral carcinomas often have resection of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, or the bone of the mandible. Postoperatively, these patients encounter chewing, swallowing, and speech problems. Oral rehabilitation through prosthetic management can aid in alleviating these problems. Designs of the prosthesis vary according to patient needs. ...

Urinary incontinence is defined as the involuntary loss of urine which is a social or hygienic problem and is objectively demonstrable. It is common in the general population and not all patients will report the presence of the problem because of, among other things, embarrassment. Assessment is important and should ...

Wet cupping appears to be a living reminiscence of the traditional Finnish healing methods. Fifteen persons practicing or having practiced cupping were interviewed in Savo Province, Eastern Finland. The knowledge and skills of cupping appear to be transferred by personal apprenticeship within a family or from a neighbour. No written ...

The study aimed at determining the main factors responsible for the speech and communication problems in motor neurone disease to try to assess the suitability of commercially available aids. Sixteen patients suffering from motor neurone disease with communication problems had their speech assessed by using the Frenchay dysarthria assessment. It ...