Several alternatives to full esthetic crowns have been presented. Preparation techniques and factors to be used in patient selection have been discussed for using all-metal esthetic retainers. Problems that arise from the indiscriminate use of full-coverage crowns must not be overlooked. Adjunctive esthetic retainers such as pinledges, three-quarter crowns, and ...

The historical development of nasal aerodynamic measurement is discussed. Attention is drawn to the absence of a consensus on adequate rhinometric techniques and standards, which hampers the elevation of rhinometry to the universal clinical status of audiometric, impedance, or nystagmus measurement. A computer-aided technique is described which overcomes some problems ...

There have been only a few methods devised to solve the problem of discrepancy in size of the bowel ends for anastomosis. We describe another method to overcome this problem by using a one-layer open technique. For the posterior wall the anastomosis consists of a horizontal mattress suture on the ...

The inhalation of a foreign body into the tracheobronchial tree tree presents a life-threatening situation. A satisfactory outcome requires the timely and atraumatic removal of the offending agent. The morbidity associated with present methods of dealing with this problem is well documented. Four cases are described to illustrate the efficacy ...

The Dream Incident Technique is a psychometric technique that uses dream associations as its basic data. The scales of the DIT are believed to provide information about unresolved problems on a level below that of full conscious awareness. The paper discusses factor analyses of the Technique, data concerning its reliability ...

Cholesteatoma is, among the lesions appearing in chronic otitis media, the one creating most problems. We have selected 8 clinical situations, the most significant in our practice. After a short description of each, we expose our attitudes, past and present, in regard to each. Whether to use open or close ...

Recent surveys of the use of primates in biomedical laboratories indicate that the demand, especially for imported animals, is declining. Reasons for this trend are not clear, although restrictions on export by countries of origin undoubtedly have a significant effect. More precise survey techniques and terminology would aid comparisons and ...

The routine prosthetic arrangement of teeth set according to arbitrary criteria frequently results in adaptive problems, tissue damage, poor aesthetics, lack of stability and functional disabilities. A phonetic technique, based on the "S" position of the mandible, in the majority of cases provides a useful aid in achieving natural tooth ...

Management of the excessively projecting tip is one of the difficult problems in rhinoplasty. Several methods have been offered as solutions to this problem, but none has gained wide acceptance. The technique described by Lipsett allows reliable reduction of tip projection without sacrifice of the normal anatomical configuration of the ...

Problems related to cardiac anatomy and ultrasonic instrumentation affect the accuracy of echographic identification of endocardial echoes. A cadaver model and 13 patients were studied, with direct identification or with the aid of echographic contrast techniques, to identify accurately the endocardial echo. The study showed that (1) echographic contrast agents ...

Modern psychophysical studies of sensory systems have produced new insight into sensory function and new techniques that have application to the clinical evaluation of taste. Most previous taste evaluation has been done with threshold measures that are subject to a variety of problems and that also fail to provide an ...

We advise a simple solution to the problem of the bulging and ptotoic lacrimal gland in a blepharoplasty. A pocket is dissected above and behind the gland, and the gland is fixed there to the orbital periosteum. This technique safely produces a normal contour in the lateral third of the ...

A method has been described for using zinc-oxide/eugenol paste as an interclutch support when the Denar pantograph is used as a transfer-bow. Using this technique a stable centric relation position can be maintained during the maxillary cast mounting procedure and the subsequent setting of the articulator to the pantographic recordings.

The etiology of sleepwalking is controversial, the theory that sleepwalking is an epilepsy-like symptom is mostly discounted. Electroencephalogram records, obtained by using sphenoidal needles, are presented as a useful technique and aid to etiological and topical diagnosis. A temporal focus of waves of 4-6 cps was recorded which was not ...

Long-term ECG recording techniques have facilitated the diagnosis in atypical cases of Adams-Stockes syndrome. In the use of ambulatory ECG monitoring, new and mainly technical problems have been arisen. In 200 ECG recordings on cassette tape, 78% was considered sufficient for an accurate diagnosis. More than 50% of the unsuccessful ...

The application of cytochemical techniques for use with automated instruments introduces a variety of problems not encountered with traditional cytochemical stains prepared for human visualization. This is particularly true for flow-cytophotometers, which require that cells be stained in suspension, making it difficult to remove reagents once they are added to ...

A review is given of the problems likely to be encountered in the atomization of solid samples of geological materials, and of the applications of this technique.

New developments in fluorescein angiography concern the apparatus employed, technique and the photographic laboratory. A wide-angle retinograph has been developed which enables us to photograph the periphery of the fundus. Television, with a very sensitive camera, permits us to obtain very well defined dynamic views with pictures at the rate ...

An occupational therapist and a clothing designer collaborated in solving the dressing problem of a child with multiple amputations. The dressing problems were identified and solutions for clothing adaptations relating to sleeves, closures, fasteners, fit, and design were incorporated into two test garments. Evaluation of the garments was based on ...

One of the more curious by-products of the political and social unrest of the late 1960s, has been the emergence of and survival of interest in the writings of Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957). In the last few years, new translations of his books have appeared and some of his early work ...

In September 1974 candidates who had taken a computerized patient managment problem examination (CPMP), as part of the certification process in paediatrics required by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, completed a questionnaire designed to elicit their reactions to CPMPs. The results indicated that respondents were favourable ...

This article has reported on a survey of 1,000 randomly selected orthodontists in the United States to ascertain the incidence of use of the circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy technique to minimize rotational relapse. It was also the purpose of the study to determine whether any problems were associated with the procedure. ...

A present there is no reliable way to define the position of the heel in relationship to the tibia during weight bearing. Many surgical and nonsurgical procedures are done to correct a varus or valgus heel without a standard method to define the problem or measure the results. This is ...

The authors use the management of typical clinical problems that arise during systematic desensitization as a model for the analysis and solution of problems associated with behavior therapy techniques. Three main problem areas are considered: initiation of the technique, therapist and patient difficulties, and therapeutic decision making. The discussion is ...

To overcome the problem of persistent urinary wound discharge after prostatectomy with temporary cystostomy, a simple suture technique is introduced. Two monofilament nylon sutures are inserted through the abdominal wall, tangentially to the dome of the bladder, together making a purse-string suture around the cystostomy. The sutures are left untied ...

The tuberous breast deformity cannot usually be corrected satisfactorily by standard augmentation mammaplasty or mastopexy. The two operative techniques described have been most helpful in dealing with this difficult problem. Anatomic differences in patients may permit or require modification of the techniques to correct a specific deformity. Although our experience ...

Chemosterilants, i.e., chemical compounds that interfere with the reproduction potential of sexually reproducing organisms, can be used in three new approaches to insect control. In the sterile-insect release technique, the principal problem is to develop compounds and methods for their application that would not result in introducing harmful residues into ...

Previous methods of performing aquatic acetylene-reduction assays are described and several problems associated with them are discussed. A refinement of these older techniques is introduced and problems that it overcomes are also discussed. A depth profile of nitrogen fixation (C2H4 production), obtained by the refined technique, is shown for a ...

The clinician confronted with the need for the objective evaluation of peripheral vascular problem has a variety of simple noninvasive techniques available which can prove highly useful in the early detection of occlusive disease, its functional assessment and in the selection of those problems which requires further definitive evaluation by ...

Determination of zinc in blood plasma by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry is discussed, with particular reference to the protocol required for the successful use of the Varian-Techtron Carbon Rod Atomizer. Cup aging is shown to be an important factor in limiting the precision of this analytical technique and ways of ...

Behaviorist principles operate observably in all aspects of animal life, hence in all therapies and in the community at large. Application of these principles strengthens treatment, notably with unsophisticated clients and sociopaths commonly encountered at Community Clinics. It also makes the program more sellable to taxpayers. Various techniques are described.

The properties of two types of proton radiography, MARGINAL-RANGE and MULTIPLE SCATTERING are described briefly and examples of the radiographs shown. A practical application of one of the techniques, MARGINAL-RANGE, to an industrial problem is described. Certain outstanding features of MULTIPLE SCATTERING radiography which may lead to its use in ...

The monitoring requirements related to air pollution are many and varied. The molecules of concern differ greatly in their chemical and physical properties, in the nature of their environment, and in their concentration ranges. Furthermore, the application may have specific requirements such as rapid response time, ultrasensitivity, multipollutant capability, or ...

A simple technique is described for drying sera on washed, dry sand or ordinary sugar cubes for the sero-diagnosis of leptospirosis. The results are shown to be very similar to those obtained with fluid sera or sera dried on filter paper discs. Sera adsorbed on sand or absorbed in sugar ...

The house and housework are as appropriate an area of ergonomics study as in the factory floor, but much less concerted effort has been put into studying the problems of the housewife. It is suggested that investigations to determine the amount of physiological effort (particularly that of muscle activity by ...

Although many trainees have gained considerable experience in answering MCQs in undergraduate examinations, these papers are still a frequent cause of problems and failure for candidates of postgraduate examinations. This article aims to help trainees improve their technique so that their performance can more accurately reflect their knowledge and ability.

The formation of uracil and the breakdown of the pyrimidine ring were observed when an aqueous solution of cytosine was irradiated. These two effects were investigated with the aid of radioactive tracer techniques and ultraviolet absorption studies.

We have applied a fat-soluble fluorescent aid to certain microorganisms. The aid, a stilbyl triazole compound, fluoresced more in the presence of certain strains of flocculating brewing yeasts than in the presence of nonflocculating types. The work suggested the possibility that flocculating yeasts may possess more surface lipids than the ...