Microbial mats have descended from perhaps the oldest and most widespread biological communities known. Mats harbor microbes that are crucial for studies of bacterial phylogeny and physiology. They illustrate how several oxygen-sensitive biochemical processes have adapted to oxygen, and they show how life adapted to dry land long before the ...

Reproductive maturation, the menstrual cycle, and the transition to postreproductive life are complex processes. Detailed understanding of reproduction underlies logical patient management. Greater understanding of physiology has brought about better control of ovulatory problems and the beginnings of a logical approach to other problems such as androgen excess, where two ...

Diacodexis pakistanensis is the smallest and most primitive artiodactyl. It is known from the early Eocene of the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent. It retains a clavicle, has five complete digits in the manus and four in the pes and is digitigrade. The elongated limbs, reduced ability to pronate and supinate, double pulleyed ...

Developing a system for implementing a job aid program within your organization may go a long way to enhancing volunteer job satisfaction and increasing productivity. Job aids have problem to be valuable tools at all four stages in the volunteer management process. They can be useful in recruiting and orienting ...

At first glance a liar is an inauspicious patient for a psychoanalysis, a treatment based on truthfulness. Because it presents in speech, lying may seem a mature difficulty, but analysis reveals that it is primitive, linked to the habitual liar's doubts and anxieties about communication with primary objects which, from ...

The therapeutic concept is problem- and patient-oriented. In analogy to it the didactic concept is problem- and therapist-oriented. The essential point is learning in groups from practical cases. Problem-oriented in this context means that the problems-solving process in which the patient and the therapist are engaged is supported by the ...

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a systemic disorder primarily affecting the bones, joints, and soft tissues and developing in association with another disease process. Acute pyogenic pulmonary processes (empyema, lung abscess) are occasionally accompanied by transient HOA, but reversible HOA has not previously been reported in the setting of PCP in ...

Well-documented variations in the (15)N/(14)N ratio in lunar surface samples apparently result from a secular increase in that ratio in the solar wind during the past few billion years. The cause of this change seems to lie in the solar convective zone but is inexplicable within our present understanding of ...

Among various Bayesian problems of probability, the "problem of three prisoners" (Lindley, 1971; Mosteller, 1965) is an especially good example which illustrates the drastic discrepancy between intuitive reasoning and mathematical formal reasoning about probability. In particular, it raises intriguing questions concerning the mathematical and cognitive relevance of factors such as ...

The problems of the direct composition of a biomedical manuscript on a personal computer are discussed. Most word processing software is unsuitable because literature references, once stored, cannot be rearranged if major changes are necessary. These obstacles have been overcome in Manuscript Manager, a combination of word processing and database ...

Research on Ericksonian techniques and claims of effectiveness has been very sparse. Most of the focus on Ericksonian approaches has been on the development of techniques by the clinicians, seemingly independent of the meaning to the client. One of these interventions is the multiple embedded metaphor (MEM), a series of ...

Irregular galaxies can be viewed as laboratories for studying the processes of star formation. This class of galaxy, unlike the more familiar spiral galaxies, forms stars without spiral arms and does so from a chemically less-evolved interstellar medium. In this article the problems associated with star formation in irregular galaxies ...

House fires are the most common disasters in our society. Disaster theorists acknowledge that complex daily living problems impede the recovery of victims. However, these problems have not been described in detail. The author conducted a qualitative study of the disruption to daily living routines caused by house fires and ...

A brief description of the structure and a critical survey of the methods of explantation, cultivation, and experimental manipulation of chicken blastoderms are presented. Special attention has been paid to those methods that have enabled major developments in cell and developmental biology of gastrulation. The data suggest that the chicken ...

It is often argued that the continuity of the processes of embryo development precludes the establishment of morally significant boundaries, once development is under way. These arguments typically claim that marking out any moral boundaries requires identifying particular significant events, and that in such circumstances this is either impossible or ...

A classification of the edentulous jaws has been developed based on a randomised cross-sectional study from a sample of 300 dried skulls. It was noted that whilst the shape of the basalar process of the mandible and maxilla remains relatively stable, changes in shape of the alveolar process is highly ...

Communication is a two-way process in which meaning is shared. To be effective, clinicians must assess appearance, environment, field of experience, language skills, tone of voice, listening abilities, cultural differences, and body language. Conscious awareness and continual evaluation of all elements of the communication process can significantly improve diagnostic skills ...

Six cases of subacute encephalitis in AIDS were examined with special reference to the nuclear morphology of multinucleated giant cells (MGC's). Although rare in some, all cases showed nuclear bridges which were thin strands connecting individual nuclei. Even more frequently observed were nuclear processes which were probably parts of nuclear ...

When a surgeon encounters an absent lenticular process of the incus, he must either reposition the incus or attempt to bridge the small gap between the remaining incus long process and the stapes capitulum. Our solution to this problem is to place a Lippy modified Robinson stapes prosthesis on the ...

Dealing with "managerial" problems resulting from the closure of institutions may be seen as a reactive process in which the task is to deal with the presenting problem. An understanding of some of the key factors which are likely to have caused the problems may help the manager to cope ...

Elucidating issues of profound importance, 'Analysis terminable and interminable' stimulated the advance of psychoanalytic thought while in some respects paradoxically reactivating antiquated ideas. Soberly realistic about analytic outcome, Freud indicated that conflict could not be permanently resolved or the ego definitively strengthened. He emphasized some important aspects of constitution, such ...

Between February 1982 and October 1984, a total of 2,317 workers from all levels of cotton processing--carding, blowing, spinning and weaving--were studied in a citywide cross-sectional survey. The workers were administered the British MRC Questionnaire in local dialect and their pre- and postshift lung functions were assessed by portable spirometers. ...

Writing a paper is often a process of discovering what you have to say. A small, inexpensive, "three-dimensional" outline of the paper is a help in guiding the process of discovery. New points can be accurately placed as they appear. The outline grows with the paper. The construction of such ...

This study of four of Keats's greatest poems explores a dynamic pattern in the poet's imagination: a relationship between the oral/fusional imagery and the romantic/oedipal themes. The poet's imagination seems to have been propelled backward from oedipal conflict to earlier narcissistic/oral unrest and pleasure. There is a layering of special ...

This paper presents an analysis of the vicissitudes of individual and group identification processes during and after the Holocaust. We also examine denial as a defence mechanism when confronted with massive traumatization, and in the period of readaptation and reintegration to life. Identification with (idealized) lost objects and with group ...

Measurements of 99Tc in vegetables have been made. The radiochemical yield is measured by tracing the process with a known amount of 99mTc. Differences in chemical behaviour of the problem 99Tc relative to the tracer 99mTc have been found under certain conditions and the way to overcome them is reported.

The development of myoelectric control systems for powered limb prostheses has advanced rapidly in recent years. The main thrusts in this development have been in realizing self-contained prostheses and in realizing better prostheses control through improvements in the myoelectric signal processing techniques. This review considers the latter of these two ...

The problem is that of following the Brownian path by a nondecreasing, bounded process in such a way as to minimize the expected cost over a finite horizon. Using purely probabilistic arguments, one obtains a fairly explicit representation for the value of this problem, as well as information about the ...

There is still a long way to go to achieve the goals of ligament replacement through modification of normal, intrinsic ligament healing processes. We are learning about the biology of ligamentous tissues, including the problem of regeneration, and that in itself is an all-important first step toward seeking solutions.

Language, including articulated speech and also, communication of ideas in writing, is liable to progressive alteration with advancing years. This process may appear early or late and may advance throughout the presenescent-senescent-senility continuum. An attempt is made to discuss these changes objectively, and from the standpoint of linguistics, their possible ...

Biological fixation of the Christiansen endoprosthesis takes place gradually as a result of osteogenetic activity in the endosteal wall of the femur, which is subjected to mechanical stimulation by the madreporic shank of this prosthesis. The authors were able to monitor this biological process in 9 patients with the aid ...

The polarographic behaviour of the bismuth complexes of the oxime, hydrazone and thiosemicarbazone of 2-benzoylpyridine has been studied by differential pulse polarography. The DeFord and Hume method, modified for use with quasi-reversible and irreversible processes, has been applied for the calculation of the formation constants of these chelates, which exhibit ...

The practical mating of the modern microscope and automated camera has been successful. Many time-consuming photographic procedures have been reduced to a minimum in the process. The pathologist can obtain color photomicrographs with minimum knowledge of optical theory or photographic procedures. However, there are several problem areas which require special ...

This paper reports on the channels through which warning of the impending disastrous cyclone of October-November 1981 was received and disseminated in the districts and villages of Gujarat in Northwest India. The process is slow and laborious, and efforts are in hand to improve the speed and efficiency of warning ...

A pennant-shaped "SMAS sling" is developed from the preauricular SMAS, leaving it attached inferiorly between the level of the earlobe and the angle of the mandible. This is rotated posteriorly over the mastoid process, tension is applied, and it is secured with nonabsorbable sutures to the mastoid fascia, thereby providing ...

Simple process indicators, usually relying on a colour change, are widely used as an aid to user assessment of the success or otherwise of autoclaving processes. Ideally, a process indicator should be capable of indicating not only that heating in steam has occurred but that heating has been maintained at ...

4 workers developed hand and face dermatitis when exposed to a floor top coat. This contained a polyurethane and a polyfunctional aziridine hardener and additives. The aziridine hardener was made by reacting propyleneimine with a polyfunctional acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). All 4 reacted to the hardener and to TMPTA, which ...

Of all plastics, Polyvinyl chloride is the only product stabilized with cadmium compounds, and then only to a certain extent. The amount of cadmium used as stabilizers is approximately 15% of the world production. The general importance of stabilization in view of ecotoxicological problems is discussed, leading to a more ...

A review of the psychoanalytic literature shows that empathy has always played an important part in the practice of psychoanalysis, but that as a concept it has not been well understood. This confusion and a certain mistrust of empathy that it engenders were traced to an incomplete understanding of the ...

The process of preparing and reviewing a contract for a pharmacy computer system is described. The purpose of the contract is to establish rules governing the relationship between the vendor and the buyer. It should identify clearly the performance expectations of both parties. The contract negotiating process also allows each ...

Mathematical structures of line drawings of polyhedrons are studied and practical as well as theoretical solutions are obtained for several fundamental problems aroused in scene analysis and in man-machine communication. First, a necessary and sufficient condition for a line drawing to correctly represent a polyhedron is obtained in terms of ...

"This paper analyses the residential behaviour of Cypriots in Greater London over the last 30 years. First, patterns of settlement and movement at a borough level are described and some explanations offered for the changes observed. Second, the authors look in more detail at the actual process of residential relocation ...

This paper discusses the relationship between evaluation as a meta- and as a technical activity in the field of social policy, with special reference to the British experience. Evaluation as a meta-activity is defined to be the analysis of the values and criteria to be used: a process which assumes ...

The contention of this paper is that early infantile development is reflected in the infantile part of the transference. When it is well integrated it gives rise to an underlying non-verbal communication which gives a depth to other communications. When not integrated it gives rise to acting in as a ...

Schafer's action language can be criticized on purely theoretical grounds; here, the emphasis is on some of its clinical implications. First, action language tends to put the patient into an adversary position with respect to the analyst; this interferes with the therapeutic alliance, discourages regression, and encourages self-consciousness and problem-solving ...

This report presents a selective overview of the cluster analysis literature and its potential uses in neuropsychology. In addition, an actual problem involving data from the Florida Longitudinal Project is presented to provide a practical example of many of the processes and problems involved in cluster analytic techniques. It is ...

The final stage of the dying process is seen as beginning when the split of mental-self and body-self has taken place in the mind of the dying person. Successfully carried out mourning work gives the dying the final experience of giving up his body and of merging into the fantasy ...

Students who have mastered statistical calculation problems often experience difficulty in choosing an appropriate procedure to apply to a given research problem. To assist them in the process, two teaching aids were assigned at random to a group of 29 beginning research students. Their performance in selecting appropriate statistical procedures ...

When trying to improve antibiotic processes that are already high yielding, real industrial problems have to be faced. These include the use of organisms with non-ideal growth and recombination cycles, and problems of scale up from the laboratory to the main production plant. Many of the principles derived from academic ...

Through a critical review of several studies dealing with Sophocles' drama, the Antigone, I have explored some of the prominent methodological problems encountered in the psychoanalytic interpretation of literature. Foremost among these is the inherent difficulty that the interpretation of literature is unable to benefit from the process of the ...