OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of initial AIDS-defining illness in survival following AIDS and survival trends over time. DESIGN: States and Territory Health Departments notified new diagnoses of AIDS to the National AIDS Registry. Information on vital status and date of last medical contact was sought annually. METHODS: Survival was ...

BACKGROUND: The effects of zidovudine (ZDV) treatment on progression to AIDS are not completely clear. This study evaluated the effects of ZDV treatment on the progression to AIDS in HIV-positive hemophiliacs. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on HIV-infected hemophiliacs: it included 238 individuals, 119 each from the treated ...

New York City is a major urban epicenter of the AIDS epidemic in the United States, and has reported nearly one fifth of the nation's cases. This paper chronicles trends in the AIDS epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) from 1981 through 1993 in New York City. ...

This paper simulates the macroeconomic effects of the AIDS epidemic in Malawi. This is done by using Bulatao's (1990) predictions of the disease's demographic impact in a dual-economy macro model. The with-AIDS scenario is compared with a counterfactual no-AIDS scenario to assess the impact of the disease if it spreads ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic significance of symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. DESIGN: Prospective study of homosexual men seroconverting to HIV in 1985 and 1986. Patients were followed up at least three times yearly with clinical examinations and T cell subset determinations for an average of 7.2 years. SETTING: Research project ...

Around 1.5 million people developed AIDS between mid-1993 and mid-1994--three times as many as in the previous 12 months, according to estimates released by GPA on 1 July. About 200,000 of the new cases are thought to be in south and southeast Asia, more than eight times as many as ...

AIDS surveillance provides a vital source of information for health departments to assess the AIDS epidemic and to plan for future health-care needs. However, the use of surveillance data requires proper adjustments for the underreporting of AIDS cases caused by the delay in reporting diagnosed AIDS cases to the surveillance ...

The expansion of the surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in January 1993 (1) resulted in a large increase in reported AIDS cases. This increase has primarily reflected reports of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons in whom severe immunosuppression (CD4+ count < 200 T-lymphocytes/microL or a CD4+ T-lymphocyte ...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the associations of age and progression rates to AIDS-defining neoplasms and opportunistic infections (OI) in HIV-infected homosexual men. METHODS: Data from 407 homosexual men with documented dates of HIV seroconversion participating in cohort studies from four geographic locations were merged. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the reporting of AIDS-defining illnesses using two national surveillance systems. METHODS: Comparison of AIDS indicator diseases reported to the national AIDS reporting system (ARS) for AIDS cases diagnosed from January 1990-December 1992 among individuals aged > 13 years in 10 metropolitan areas, with that observed in the ...

OBJECTIVES: To study the trend in mortality from 1980 to 1991 in a cohort of 2432 intravenous drug users (IVDU) enrolled between 1 November 1980 and 31 December 1988. In addition, to evaluate the impact of HIV-1 infection on mortality. DESIGN: The vital status of people enrolled in the cohort ...

In HIV-infected subjects with haemophilia, CD4 counts seem to fall more slowly in those on high-purity factor VIII (FVIII) than on intermediate-purity product. We evaluated whether risks for AIDS or death were associated with either product among 411 HIV-infected individuals. The relative hazard of AIDS was slightly elevated for both ...

In order to estimate the impact of a community programme of training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), we reviewed all adult deaths in the city of Cardiff (population 292,600) during a 13-week period. Of 701 deaths, 70 were cases of fatal out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to heart disease, for whom it ...

The aim of the study was to describe survival patterns of Southern Brazilian AIDS patients: 224 predominantly working class AIDS patients were treated in an AIDS referral centre in Porto Alegre between October 1986 and September 1991. The caseload increased progressively, as did the number of female AIDS cases treated ...

From 1982 through 1992, the Fort Worth-Tarrant County Health Departments monitored the AIDS epidemic in 1080 cases. Vital records and surveillance data were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of AIDS in Tarrant County by age, risk, racial/ethnic, sex, and geographic factors. The study found that the male-to-female ratio of ...

OBJECTIVE: To provide background on five HIV-infected cohorts with documented seroconversion times and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M), CD4+ cell count and haemoglobin levels. To give a relative risks (RR) regression summary of the prognostic value of serial CD4+ cell count, IgA, beta 2M and haemoglobin ...

The resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in New York City in the period 1978-92 has been closely linked to the AIDS epidemic but the increase of active TB in areas of urban poverty also implies increased community exposure. We have examined the ecological relation between community rates of AIDS and residential ...

The authors evaluated the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease from the date of seroconversion to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death among 362 well-documented seroconverters. The participants were homosexual men in hepatitis B vaccine trials in Amsterdam (n = 74), New York City ...

Numerous articles stress the unique problems of mourning an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related death and suggest psychotherapeutic interventions. However, no studies have been conducted that identify what differs in the grief process when the death was AIDS-associated and whether the extensive clinical and research literature on bereavement can be generalized ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the influence of age at seroconversion and sexual exposure group on the progression of HIV disease. DESIGN: This multicentre prospective cohort study involved 443 subjects whose date of HIV infection was known to within +/- 1 year. Individuals whose sexual behaviour was exclusively heterosexual after HIV infection ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the changing spectrum of AIDS index diseases in Canada over a 10-year period from 1981 to 1991. DESIGN: A descriptive, population-based study. SETTING: Canada. PATIENTS: All cases of AIDS in Canada reported by the Division of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology of the Department of National Health and Welfare. MAIN ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate (1) the efficacy and safety of zidovudine treatment in homo-/bisexual men with AIDS-related complex (ARC) and (2) factors associated with development of intolerance to zidovudine. DESIGN: A multicentre open-label study. SETTING: Australian public hospital system. SUBJECTS: A total of 235 homo-/bisexual men with ARC were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS: ...

Concorde is a double-blind randomised comparison of two policies of zidovudine treatment in symptom-free individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): (a) immediate zidovudine from the time of randomisation (Imm); and (b) deferred zidovudine (Def) until the onset of AIDS-related complex (ARC) or AIDS (CDC group IV disease) or the ...

BACKGROUND: The geographic spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic reflects multiple subepidemics in different regions and population groups. METHODS: To describe regional trends in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States, we analyzed national surveillance data for persons with AIDS diagnosed from 1988 through 1991. RESULTS: ...

Until now, the only cancers that have been strongly associated with AIDS are Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We used a linkage between AIDS (50,050 reports) and cancer (859,398 reports) registries in seven health departments in the USA to investigate the association between HIV infection and epidermoid anal cancer. We ...

OBJECTIVE: To quantify mortality without AIDS diagnosis (pre-AIDS death) among HIV-infected injecting drug users (IDU) and to compare it with that among homosexual men. SETTING: Municipal Health Service in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. DESIGN: HIV-infected participants of a cohort of homosexual men (recruited since 1984) and a cohort of IDU (recruited ...

It has been 13 years since the initial report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) describing the condition that came to be known as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Because of the public health significance of the AIDS epidemic, an elaborate national surveillance system, involving CDC along ...

The objective of this study was to determine if clinical signs, symptoms, laboratory variables, and use of therapeutic or prophylactic agents have prognostic associations with survival after diagnosis of clinical AIDS. A total of 2,168 homosexual men, seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) participated in a longitudinal cohort ...

BACKGROUND: The impact of AIDS case list cross-referencing in human immunodeficiency virus look-back was assessed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Post-1977 blood donations from former donors identified by 11 collaborating health departments as having developed AIDS have been traced at Irwin Memorial Blood Centers since 1983. To assess the changing efficacy ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of AIDS on premature mortality in the city of Amsterdam (1982-1992). METHODS: We combined aggregated data from the Netherlands Central Bureau for Statistics with data from the municipal death and population registry and data from the Amsterdam AIDS surveillance system to calculate age standardized mortality ...

The frequency of PCP among adult Danish AIDS patients notified in 1988-93 was higher among patients tested HIV-positive less than 4 months prior to AIDS than among those known to be positive for > 1 year. Among the latter, the proportion with PCP decreased significantly over the period, from 45.3% ...

Between January 1988 and December 1993, 254 cases of systemic mycoses were recorded in Thailand. Between 1988 and 1991, the common mycoses were aspergillosis, candidosis and cryptococcosis. In 1992, cryptococcosis increased to 30 cases with 27 being AIDS related. In 1993, cryptococcosis increased dramatically to 57 cases with 49 AIDS ...

While efficacy of zidovudine (ZDV) in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is well established, the issue of survival after early ZDV treatment is still controversial. To assess survival benefits of ZDV treatment prior to AIDS, as compared to treatment after the onset of AIDS, we used an observational analysis of ...

The relationship of disseminated aspergillosis with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is unclear. In the initial case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed by the Centres for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, aspergillosis was included as an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection. In view of the primary relationship of aspergillosis with neutropenia ...

BACKGROUND: Among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), early and widespread use of prophylactic regimens against Pneumocystis carinii is changing the pattern of illnesses related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: We conducted a subcohort analysis of 844 men with AIDS (87 percent of whom have ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess directly the extent of under-reporting of AIDS cases to the National AIDS surveillance system. DESIGN: All AIDS cases diagnosed from 1 January 1982 to 1 August 1989 in Riverside Health Authority were identified from a local register of HIV infection and cross-checked against records of AIDS cases ...

Repeated measurements on persons infected with HIV-1 indicate that infection has a dynamic impact on several markers of immune suppression and activation. The objectives of this report are: (a) to provide a statistical model for the correlation structure of serial measurements of immunological markers, and (b) to identify features of ...

The loss of CD4 lymphocytes is known to be an important component of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis. It remains unclear, however, whether the importance of the CD4 lymphocyte count is such that individuals who have been infected for widely different lengths of time, but for whom the ...

OBJECTIVES: The AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa affects whole communities, adding to the already high burden of morbidity. Reports of AIDS cases are usually from hospital attenders, often diagnosed using the World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition. Little is known about the extent of HIV-associated morbidity in the general ...

OBJECTIVE: This study summarizes the evidence concerning the association of Black and White race with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) survival time. METHODS: English-language articles measuring survival time with AIDS for Black and White persons were reviewed. Each article was assigned to one of three groups based on the method of ...

OBJECTIVES: This study describes causes of death in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and assesses the completeness of reporting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or AIDS on death certificates of persons with AIDS. METHODS: AIDS case reports were linked with death certificates in 11 local/state health departments; underlying ...

The AIDS surveillance system maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides a unique data base for estimating survival after a diagnosis of AIDS for the general AIDS population in the United States. Because patients enrolled in most AIDS clinical trial studies receive unusual medical care that ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the decline in CD4+ counts in relation to the incidence of AIDS in different cohorts of homosexual men and to quantify possible consequences of laboratory variation in CD4+ measurement. METHODS: Our study includes 403 men with well documented dates of HIV seroconversion originating from five cohort studies ...

OBJECTIVE: This study monitors trends in place of death among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a measure of health care usage patterns and terminal health care among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: Sixteen health departments collected death certificates for 55,186 persons with AIDS whose deaths ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the assumption of no long reporting delays on estimates of AIDS incidence. DESIGN: Reported AIDS cases must be adjusted for reporting delays to estimate AIDS incidence. We compared the adjustments supplied with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AIDS Public Information Data ...

The survival experience and causes of death of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients were studied using a cohort of 3,699 AIDS patients in New York State, excluding New York City, whose illness was diagnosed before January 1990 at age 13 years or older. The median length of survival for all ...

Manyemen, a rural community in Cameroon, has now been hit by the HIV epidemic. This paper describes the experiences gained at the Presbyterian General Hospital in Manyemen between 1990 and 1992 regarding HIV infection in pregnant women, AIDS case management, counseling and home visits. A total of 383 pregnant women ...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the specificity of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) case definitions for AIDS in autopsy cases from Zaïre. SETTING: Mama Yemo Hospital and University Hospital morgues in Kinshasa, and Karawa Hospital in Equateur Region, Zaïre. METHODS: Autopsy cases with a ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the mortality pattern observed in relation to the AIDS epidemic, and to estimate the current and future demographic impact of AIDS among the population aged between 20 and 39 years in Catalonia, Spain. DESIGN: Spain has the highest cumulative incidence rate of AIDS in Europe. One-third of ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of development of AIDS, and the demographic and clinical cofactors for development of AIDS in a group of 117 people with transfusion-acquired HIV infection, who were infected between 1980 and 1985 in New South Wales, Australia. RESULTS: By December 1991, 67 (57%, 95% CI 48-66%) ...