OBJECTIVE--To assess the completeness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) case reporting in New York City (NYC), and to determine whether the completeness of reporting differs in various populations. DESIGN--Retrospective record review of hospital laboratory logs, death certificates, hospital discharge records, and patient registries at private physicians' offices and hospital outpatient ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze recent changes in tuberculosis mortality in the United States during the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. DESIGN: We used National Center for Health Statistics multiple-cause mortality data and analyzed deaths with tuberculosis (1980 through 1990) and/or AIDS (1987 through 1990) as an underlying or associated ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of the 1993 revision of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AIDS surveillance case definition on the prevalence of AIDS. DESIGN: Review of prospectively collected baseline clinical and demographic data on HIV-infected patients presenting for care between December 1988 and May 1991. SETTING: ...

OBJECTIVE: The aims were to describe the use of inpatient resources by patients with HIV infection and patients with AIDS; to examine trends in service use over time; and to provide data for planners concerned with service provision for HIV infection. SETTING: An inner London health district reporting 9% of ...

We studied the incidence of TB and TB-AIDS in the area served by "La Fe" hospital in Valencia. We also studied the different evolution of the incidence of TB and TB-AIDS during the 1985-1989 period. We noticed the progressive increase of the incidence of TB in AIDS patients, while the ...

The efficacy and toxicity of aerosolized pentamidine was evaluated in 78 AIDS patients given 60 mg biweekly as secondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Patients were monitored for clinical progression and mortality and were compared to 42 historical controls given 200-300 mg i.v. pentamidine biweekly. The relapse rates did ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether HIV-1-seropositive cigarette smokers progress more rapidly to AIDS than HIV-1-seropositive non-smokers. SETTING: The genitourinary medicine outpatient department of St Mary's Hospital, London, which is a London University teaching hospital (tertiary care centre). SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: Case series of 84 individuals with AIDS who provided accurate details ...

BACKGROUND: Planning and allocating resources for care of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) requires accurate assessment of disease incidence. OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy and completeness of AIDS case reporting at our institution, we reviewed all inpatient and outpatient records of patients with AIDS seen at University Hospitals of ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the use of AIDS drugs and therapies by populations with relatively good access to health care. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study, with interview and examination twice a year since 1988. SETTING: Two public-health departments (San Francisco Department of Health and Denver Disease Control Service) and a private clinic ...

As there is still neither a known cure for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) nor any vaccine to prevent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an AIDS diagnosis continues to denote a death sentence. One might think that approaching dying, death, and bereavement in the AIDS pandemic would be ...

BACKGROUND: In addition to the acute fall in carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO) associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) or other opportunistic lung infections, reduced TLCO occurs in HIV-I seropositive individuals without active pulmonary disease. Abnormal TLCO, in the absence of lung disease, may be a surrogate marker of HIV-I ...

On January 1, 1993, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance case definition for adolescents and adults was expanded beyond the surveillance definition published in 1987 (1) to include all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with severe immunosuppression (< 200 CD4+ T-lymphocytes/microL or a CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage of total lymphocytes of ...

A 35-year-old male homosexual, a former intravenous drug abuser, was found to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive in 1984. He developed AIDS in 1987 and began treatment with zidovudine in 1989. One year later he developed left apical pleural blebs, a pneumothorax and an exudative pleural effusion. A malignant ...

AIDS surveillance data reported to the Centers for Disease Control from January 1981 through December 1991 were analyzed in a study characterizing persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in the United States. Among 206,392 persons reported to have AIDS, 4,751 (2.3%) were also reported to ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether HLA-B35 influences progression to AIDS in HIV-seropositive subjects with haemophilia. DESIGN: Retrospective (before 1985) and prospective (after 1985) follow-up of a group of French haemophiliacs. METHODS: We studied 144 seropositive patients with moderate or severe haemophilia A or B or von Willebrand's disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ...

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases reported as the result of heterosexual contact have been increasing in the United States, with Florida reporting a disproportionate number. We investigated 168 such AIDS cases from southern Florida. After follow-up, 50 (30%) patients were reclassified into other transmission categories. The data suggest that the ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between rate of loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes and risk of AIDS in HIV-infected intravenous drug users (IVDU) enrolled in a methadone program in the Bronx, New York. DESIGN: Serial CD4 percentages (CD4%) among lymphocytes before AIDS diagnosis were recorded at approximately 6-month intervals for ...

AIMS: To assess the survival of Auckland residents diagnosed with AIDS between 1983 and 1989. METHODS: Retrospective case review RESULTS: Sixty nine Auckland residents were diagnosed with AIDS between 1983 and the end of 1989, and were cared for by the infectious disease unit, Auckland Hospital. The overall median survival ...

Infection with HIV-1 and < 200 CD4+ lymphocytes/mm3 has been proposed as an AIDS-defining condition. We have evaluated the effects of using this and other T-cell subset measurements, in the diagnosis of AIDS in two cohorts of homosexual/bisexual men in San Francisco. Among 762 HIV-1 infected men, 200 CD4+ lymphocytes/mm3 ...

To assess the immediate impact of the proposed CD4-based expansion of the AIDS case definition, we determined two key proportions from a subsample of men from the San Francisco City Clinic Cohort (SFCCC). We then used Bayes theorem to project the number of persons fitting the proposed definition in the ...

In a neuropathological autopsy study of 21 cases of AIDS-associated PML no fundamental morphological differences to non-AIDS PML were found. PML in AIDS often showed very large foci as well as necrotizing lesions. Partial involvement of cerebral cortex and deep gray matter were common findings; infratentorial lesions could be observed ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influences of age and risk group on the survival of AIDS patients. We concentrated on transfusion because it is the commonest risk factor for AIDS in patients over 70 years of age. DESIGN: Survival curve regression analysis. PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged 13 years and over with AIDS ...

AIDS incidence trends vary greatly among geographic areas in the United States. We define clusters of areas within which AIDS incidence trends are similar, as areas within a cluster may have similar human immunodeficiency virus epidemic patterns and thus may lead to similar prevention/intervention strategies. Methods of exploratory data analysis ...

A cohort of haemophilic patients who seroconverted to HIV-1 between October 1979 and July 1985 has been followed to 1 January 1992. The median age at initial seropositivity was 24 years with a range of 2-77 years. By January 1992, 38/111 (34%) had developed AIDS and 39/111 (35%) had died ...

OBJECTIVE: The treatment-free incubation period distribution was estimated from data obtained from a cohort of homo/bisexual men in Amsterdam. DESIGN: Participants in a cohort study that started in Amsterdam at the end of 1984 were seen at 3- or 6-monthly intervals. The analysis excluded time since the start of zidovudine ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of individuals > or = 13 years of age with HIV wasting syndrome in the United States and US territories. DESIGN: Retrospective review of national AIDS case surveillance data. METHODS: Data for the 147,225 individuals with AIDS reported to the Centers for Disease Control from ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Australia between 1982 and 1991. DESIGN: State and Territory Health Departments notified new diagnoses of AIDS to the National AIDS Registry. Information reported for each case included sex, date of birth, date of AIDS diagnosis, presumed mode of ...

This article describes and assesses the epidemiology of AIDS and HIV infection in Costa Rica. A total of 283 AIDS cases were reported in the country between 1983, when the first cases were diagnosed, and the end of August 1991. This placed Costa Rica third among the seven Central American ...

To the end of December 1991, 4,709 persons with transfusion-associated (T-A)-AIDS were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2.3% of 206,392 adult AIDS cases). Since 1990, the rate of T-A-AIDS case reporting has remained relatively constant at 160-190 cases diagnosed per quarter year. In comparison with ...

Massachusetts ranks 10th in the nation in numbers of reported AIDS cases. The state had 3,877 AIDS cases reported through June 1991. The Southeastern Massachusetts region consisting of 70 cities and towns totaling approximately 1,735 square miles has the second highest incidence of HIV infection of regions in the state. ...

The ocular manifestations in 65 Japanese human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients were examined. Based on the cumulative totals, 22 of the cases had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 17 had AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 35 were asymptomatic carriers (AC), including 4 AIDS cases who had progressed from ARC and 5 ARC ...

I studied 25 cases of suicide in people diagnosed as having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or who thought that they had that disorder, during 1985-1989. Case reports are presented. A discussion ensues concerning the occurrence of this phenomenon and the medical examiner's role in AIDS' public health situation in ...

Using AIDS surveillance data, we analyzed trends and correlates of outpatients AIDS diagnosis in Oregon and Washington. The proportion of outpatient diagnoses rose from 24% of cases in 1987 to 51% in 1990. Case characteristics associated with outpatient diagnosis included white race, urban residence, and the exposure category of male ...

A clinical AIDS case definition is needed for surveillance in countries where the CDC case definition is not practical. To derive such a definition, we compared 110 HIV-seropositive and 135 randomly selected HIV-seronegative adult medical-ward inpatients in Brazil. Multivariate analysis of clinical signs and symptoms and simple diagnoses resulted in ...

82 students completed a questionnaire which measured their existential anxiety as described by Yalom, conceptualization of self and of death, denial of death, and religiosity. For these students, scores on existential anxiety correlated with identity confusion, feeling responsible toward others but fearing emotional closeness with them, seeing people as fundamentally ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the distribution of the incubation period of paediatric AIDS in Rwanda. DESIGN: Data were collected between February 1984 and December 1990 at the Centre Hospitalier de Kigali (CHK), the capital city of Rwanda, Central Africa. PATIENTS: We used a sample of 685 AIDS cases registered consecutively in ...

This paper deals with two basic aspects concerning the modelling of AIDS incidence in the context of Irish data. We describe initially the adjustment of the number of AIDS cases (Xij) to allow for reporting delays, where a simple form of the likelihood function for the Xij is supported by ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the completeness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) case reporting. METHODS: Statewide or hospital-specific 1988 medical records were linked with AIDS surveillance in six sites. Medical records were reviewed for persons who had diagnoses suggesting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or AIDS ...

This report describes the AIDS epidemic in East and Central Harlem, among the hardest-hit communities in the nation. Information was obtained from two New York State mandatory reporting programs: anonymous HIV antibody testing of newborns, and physician and hospital reports of AIDS cases to city and county public health departments. ...

Using a case-control study of untreated men, we investigated the physical, mental, and economic effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection prior to the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Beginning 2 to 2.5 years prior to AIDS, case subjects reported more of 12 HIV-1 related symptoms and during the ...

"This paper reviews the two leading methods used to project the number of AIDS cases: back calculation and extrapolation. These methods are assessed in light of key features of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and of data on the epidemic; they are also assessed in terms of the quality of the projections ...

This paper describes the epidemiology of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Data, collected by the WHO Collaborating Centre on AIDS in Paris, France, were derived from the national AIDS surveillance systems of 21 countries. Among 53,042 cases reported as of the end of ...

Given a homeomorphism f of the circle, any splitting of this circle in two semiopen arcs induces a coding process for the orbits of f, which can be determined by recording the successive arcs visited by the orbit. The problem of describing these codes has a two hundred year history ...

In this project, we examined the spectrum of AIDS-related conditions and variations in associated inpatient mortality for AIDS patients treated in a national sample of hospitals. We identified 10,538 adult discharges with a diagnosis indicating AIDS from 258 hospitals from a national sample of 438 acute-care hospitals with 6 million ...

The AIDS incubation distribution is changing in calendar time because of treatment and changes in the surveillance definition of AIDS. To obtain reliable estimates of HIV prevalence and projections of AIDS incidence in the 1990s using the method of backcalculation, we constructed an appropriate incubation distribution for each calendar date ...

Questionnaires were distributed to homosexual and bisexual male participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and to homosexual and bisexual male patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to determine whether the men believed they had been refused medical or dental treatment because of their sexual orientation or a condition related ...

From January 1, 1981 through June 30, 1990, 32 females with chronic bleeding disorders were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States. Most (81.3%) were white and greater than or equal to 30 years of age, with a median age of 37.5 years. Eighteen (56.3%) had von ...

We sought to evaluate the potential impact of a proposed revision in the case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (from a clinical case definition to one also including subjects with HIV infection who have an absolute number of peripheral CD4+ cells of less than 200 x 10(6)/L) among 512 ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe a method for predicting deaths from, and the prevalence of, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Australia and to obtain ranges of projections for the next five years based on data observed to 30 September 1989 and reported by January 1990. The projections are important components of ...

An AIDS model with distributed incubation and variable infectiousness is considered and simulated via a second-order numerical method. The method is applied to the HIV epidemic among IV drug users in the Latium region of Italy, using available data on the length of the incubation period before the onset of ...