The authors have adopted a set pattern of colour coded vascular sloops that they use to identify and isolate vital structures in the head and neck. This simple and cost-effective technique aids vascular control and has applications in elective head and neck surgery, as well as in controlling haemorrhage secondary ...

Effective communication within the operating department is essential for achieving patient safety. A large part of the perioperative communication is non-verbal. One type of non-verbal communication is 'object communication', the most common form of which is clothing. The colour coding of clothing such as scrubs has the potential to optimise ...

The epidemiology of influenza pandemics demands that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people occupy centrestage in future planning.

One of the most widely studied problems of the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning problem is the fluence map optimization (FMO) problem, the problem of determining the amount of radiation intensity, or fluence, of each beamlet in each beam. For a given set of beams, the fluences of the ...

Negative effects of noise on individuals, the inevitable result of urbanization, have become a significant urban problem in our day. Introduction of an approach to the noise problem on an urban-planning scale lightens the burden of measures required to be taken against noise at the stages of regional and developmental ...

Diagnosis of a pelvic discontinuity before revision total hip arthroplasty is critical for adequate preoperative planning. The lateral view of the pelvis or high-angle oblique views can aid in visualizing the posterior column when hip hardware obscures the view on standard anteroposterior and Judet views of the pelvis. These views ...

The Census of Marine Life aids practical work of the Convention on Biological Diversity, discovers and tracks ocean biodiversity, and supports marine environmental planning.

The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of problem structure, namely goal hierarchy and number of optimal solution paths, on the neural architecture that supports problem-solving and planning. Here, six-move problems with both an unambiguous and ambiguous goal hierarchy and single and multiple optimal solution paths ...

This article describes a template for implementing an integrated community sustainability plan. The template emphasizes community engagement and outlines the components of a basic framework for integrating ecological, social and economic dynamics into a community plan. The framework is a series of steps that support a sustainable community development process. ...

The North Portland area is a vibrant community, supporting residential populations, a wildlife reserve, and an active commerce. As Portland continues to attract new residents and residential areas expand in North Portland, the conflict between the residential desire for a peaceful environment and the commercial requirement to efficiently conduct business ...

Graduation date: 1997

Taking medication requires developing plans to accomplish the activity. This planning challenges older adults because of age-related cognitive limits and inadequate collaboration with health providers. The authors investigated whether an external aid (medtable) supports collaborative planning in the context of a simulated patient/provider task in which pairs of older adults ...

Community coalitions represent a promising approach for addressing the interrelated and multiply- determined issues affecting urban neighborhoods of concentrated poverty. The literature suggests a number of community processes that may affect coalition efforts to change and improve communities. This study uses an interrupted time-series design to examine the effects of ...

Rhetorical acknowledgment of the value of human rights for the AIDS response continues, yet practical application of human rights principles to national efforts appears to be increasingly deficient. We assess the ways in which international and national strategic plans and other core documents take into account the commitments made by ...

The article presents the work plan of the IUHPE Communications portfolio during the present term of the Vice-President for communications in the IUHPE Board of Trustees (2007-10). The plan has been put together after a comprehensive review of the existing IUHPE communications areas. The result is a plan that aims ...

This paper traces the history of artificial insemination by selected donors (AID) as a strategy for positive eugenic improvement. While medical artificial insemination has a longer history, its use as a eugenic strategy was first mooted in late nineteenth-century France. It was then developed as 'scientific motherhood' for war widows ...

Tourism is highly vulnerable to external, non-controllable events. A natural disaster can affect the local tourism industry in numerous ways, and such events are particularly devastating for small communities whose local economy is heavily dependent on the sector. Loss of infrastructure plus negative media stories can have long-term ramifications for ...

Large-scale catastrophic events, although rare, lie generally beyond the control of local management and can prevent marine reserves from achieving biodiversity outcomes. We formulate a new conservation planning problem that aims to minimize the probability of missing conservation targets as a result of catastrophic events. To illustrate this approach we ...

International retirement migration (IRM) and its related fields of expatriate residency (expats), residential tourism, long-term tourism and international second homes are rapidly growing and changing. From its early modern beginnings when Northern Europeans moved to Spanish beaches in the 1950’s, geographic distribution has now expanded to include Mexico and the ...

It is important to periodically reassess the environment and what we need to accomplish in the near-term (or mid- or long term). Our skills, insights, knowledge, and talents grow yearly and maybe, just maybe, problems that we thought were intractable are, indeed, solvable. Play with the idea of Mission Statement, ...

The dominant late twentieth century model of land use segregated agricultural production from areas managed for biodiversity conservation. This module is no longer adequate in much of the world. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment confirmed that agriculture has dramatically increased its ecological footprint. Rural communities depend on key components of biodiversity ...

A leader who serves with vision, (plans for future needs and problem solving) has courage, (takes initiative and leads followers to positive results) and is reality oriented (realizes that the fundamental changes are necessary in our attitude towards risk taking, assertiveness and difference in opinion) is a great leader who ...

The use of a multileaf collimator (MLC) for intensity-modulated radiotherapy poses unique dosimetric issues. The nature of intensity-modulated radiotherapy dosimetry, centered on leaf position accuracy, is common to all MLCs. However, the mechanical and software designs of MLCs from the different manufacturers distinguish them. This report focused on the Varian ...

We consider the problem of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning using direct aperture optimization. While this problem has been relatively well studied in recent years, most approaches employ a heuristic approach to the generation of apertures. In contrast, we use an exact approach that explicitly formulates the fluence map ...

San Diego County has a long history of chronic use of methamphetamine, and thus also has a track record in organizing an effective community response. This article discusses the formation and structure of the Methamphetamine Strike Force, and discusses its multidisciplinary collaborative problem solving model. Four strategies--prevention, intervention, treatment and ...

Although it has been suggested that the delayed realization of intended actions should benefit from appropriate intention planning, empirical evidence on this issue is scarce. In three experiments, we examined whether and which planning aids provided in the intention formation phase affect delayed intention realization in young and old adults. ...

Manado is the largest and most densely populated coastal city in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The city is facing problems of wastewater discharged from various sources. These problems are driven by high population pressure, increasing economic activity, and low household income, in combination with inadequate organizational structure of government institutions ...

Although the Tower of London (TOL) has been extensively used to assess planning ability in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), the reported presence or extent of any planning deficits has been inconsistent. This may partly be due to the heterogeneity of the TOL tasks used and a failure to consider ...

The purpose of this guide is to assist community and university planners in developing and implementing a medication Point of Dispensing plan and conducting a Point of Dispensing drill. Key planning strategies addressed include community assessment, resource coordination, community partnerships, physical plant considerations, and multifunction considerations that will assist community ...

Why is that we library trustees so often see trees and not the forest? One symptom of that problem is complaints from fellow board members about "having to spend so much time on that monthly meeting."

Only recently has there been any consideration of the influence of the problem structure on Tower of London task (TOL) performance. Not surprisingly, these few studies that have investigated this issue have found significant differences in the cognitive demands of individual TOL problems. Based on these previous findings, the aim ...

We studied the experience of Hurricane Katrina evacuees to better understand factors influencing evacuation decisions in impoverished, mainly minority communities that were most severely affected by the disaster. We performed qualitative interviews with 58 randomly selected evacuees living in Houston's major evacuation centers from September 9 to 12, 2005. Transcripts ...

In the post-Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) era a greater impact on the unacceptably high prevalence of child malnutrition is more likely to come from additional investment and attention to education, health, hygiene, sanitation and childcare practices than from expanded food aid interventions. The negligible impact of food aid on malnutrition, ...

Disasters and epidemics are immense and shocking disturbances that require the judgments and efforts of large numbers of people, not simply those who serve in an official capacity. This article reviews the Working Group on Community Engagement in Health Emergency Planning's recommendations to government decision makers on why and how ...

As states experiment with legislation designed to address problems of healthcare affordability and accessibility by requiring employers to offer or spend more on employee health benefit plans, courts increasingly will be called upon to determine whether such mandates run afoul of ERISA. This article examines the potential impact of existing ...

In this article we have shown that with meticulous planning, proper preparation, and good communication, state-of-the-art dentistry can be performed (Figure 14). Our attention to detail in every aspect of this case provided us with exceptional results. By using the Captek crowns as an alternative to conventional porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, we ...

In June 2006, the Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) released a comprehensive report with recommendations to overcome barriers to the use of cannabis for medical purposes faced by people living with HIV/AIDS in Canada. On 25 September 2006, as part of package of spending cuts, the federal government announced plans to ...

In the event of a tragedy, a company should have separate crisis communications plans for the media, the families of any deceased, those who are injured and their families, and the workforce as a whole. We hope sharing our experience will help others plan for the crises that can occur ...

The European Commission's proposed Marine Strategy constitutes a highly inadequate approach to long-term protection of the European Seas. The main problem with the strategy is the restriction to a proposed directive in which only EU Member States are placed under obligation to develop their own environmental objectives and marine protection ...

Pandemic influenza planning presents challenges for both government and businesses. Effective cooperation and communication before and during a pandemic will help mitigate the major threats to societal function. The major challenges for government include communicating a realistic estimate of pandemic risk, managing community anxiety, communicating the need for rationing of ...

Playing chess requires problem-solving capacities in order to search through the chess problem space in an effective manner. Chess should thus require planning abilities for calculating many moves ahead. Therefore, we asked whether chess players are better problem solvers than non-chess players in a complex planning task. We compared planning ...

Reinfestation by Triatoma infestans after insecticide spraying has caused elimination efforts in the dry Chaco region to fail repeatedly. The sources and spatial extent that need to be considered to understand the reinfestation pattern and to plan a comprehensive control program were studied in 2 adjacent rural communities in northwestern ...

The effects of 'natural' disasters in cities can be worse than in other environments, with poor and marginalised urban communities in the developing world being most at risk. To avoid post-disaster destruction and the forced eviction of these communities, proactive and preventive urban planning, including housing, is required. This paper ...

AIMS: To evaluate differences in the time taken to access progestogen-only emergency hormonal contraception (EHC) by young women from family planning (FP) or community pharmacy settings. METHODS: An observational study of 203 women requesting EHC from FP clinics and community pharmacies in South-west Kent Primary Care Trust (PCT) from December ...

Providers need to understand the various types of metrics, the importance of each type, and how to use them effectively. Providers should use strategic metrics to monitor implementation of their organization's strategic plan. To overcome obstacles to successful use of strategic metrics, providers should communicate the organization's strategic intent, establish ...

BACKGROUND: Although studies have addressed the effectiveness of conventional smoking aids such as quit-smoking programs and pharmaceutical therapy, few studies have assessed their likely impact on cessation at the population level relative to the impact of mass media anti-tobacco advertisements. METHODS: A random digit dial telephone survey of 6739 Massachusetts ...

Community-based disaster preparedness (CBDP) approaches are increasingly important elements of vulnerability reduction and disaster management strategies. They are associated with a policy trend that values the knowledge and capacities of local people and builds on local resources, including social capital. CBDP may be instrumental not only in formulating local coping ...

"In an effort to accelerate the redevelopment of bi-state urban core communities, Greater Kansas City LISC created NeighborhoodsNOW. The foundation for implementation of NeighborhoodsNOW is the Quality of Life Plan – a vision for each neighborhood that identifies critical needs and offers solutions."

Many disasters that occur throughout the world remain largely under-reported, frequently because they began a number of years ago, and have become "chronic" or "long term." Yet, in their vulnerability, the affected populations are no less deserving of humanitarian aid than those involved in the more acute, sudden disasters that ...

Marketers planning promotional campaigns ask questions to boost the odds that the messages will be accepted: Who should receive each message? What should be its content? How should we deliver it? The one question they rarely ask is, when should we deliver it? That's too bad, because in marketing, timing ...