In clinical and experimental settings, planning ability is typically assessed using the Tower of London (ToL) or one of its variants. For enhancing the comparability across studies, a common ToL problem set was recently suggested comprising a collection of 4- to 7-move problems. Based on previous theoretical and empirical analyses ...

Stroke is an increasing problem in sub-Saharan Africa, even in children. High rates of hypertension, diabetes, alcohol abuse, smoking, insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, sickle cell disease, HIV infection, antiretroviral use and race are likely contributing factors. Although often considered as related to increasing wealth, stroke is more strongly related ...

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between clinical walking performance and amount and type of community activity in people after stroke. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study of 14 people with stroke living in Sydney and able to walk was carried out. Demographics (such as age, gender, side of stroke, time since ...

PURPOSE: The current study examined measured and perceived occlusion for a receiver-in-the-canal (RIC) hearing aid with different sized receivers. The relationship between these measures and ear canal volume was also investigated. Methods Thirty adult participants were fitted with an RIC hearing aid and tested with five receiver size conditions. Measured ...

Abstract Objective. Hearing-aid users' problems with their own voice caused by occlusion are well known. Conversely, it remains essentially undocumented whether hearing-aid users expected not to have occlusion-related problems experience own-voice issues. Design. To investigate this topic, a dedicated Own Voice Qualities (OVQ) questionnaire was developed and used in two ...

The qualitative component of this mixed methods study aimed at obtaining more in-depth information about the barriers of implementation of screening and brief interventions (SBI) in general practice identified in the quantitative component by giving general practitioners (GPs) the opportunity to discuss and report on the particular difficulties they experience ...

For many, Thomas Beauchamp and James Childress have elaborated moral reasoning by using the four principles whereby all substantive problems of medical ethics (and of ethics more generally) can be properly analysed and cogent philosophical solutions for the problems can be found. It seems that their 'principlism' gets updated, with ...

Many girls tell their general practitioners and paediatricians about problems with their periods. This article focuses on a practical approach to managing menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, oligomenorrhoea and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and reviews the literature on this topic.

Between January 2008 and December 2009 in the BEACH (Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health) program, perianal problems were managed in general practice at a rate of 0.7 per 100 encounters, about 800 000 times per year nationally. Here we present an overview of perianal problems and discuss haemorrhoids ...

As a solution to the problem of persistent solid marine debris, a nationwide project began in Korea in 1999 to develop and popularize fundamental changes to the infrastructure. The ten year project, called "A Practical Integrated System for Marine Debris," consists of four linked types of technology: prevention, deep-water survey, ...

Fixation errors occur when the practitioner concentrates solely upon a single aspect of a case to the detriment of other more relevant aspects. These are well recognised in anaesthetic practice and can contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. Improvement in patient safety may be assisted by development and application of ...

Cuban-Kongo praise of the dead in Havana turns insistently around complex agglomerations of materials called "prendas,""ngangas," and "enquisos." This article addresses the ontological status of "prendas-ngangas-enquisos," which practitioners of Cuban-Kongo affliction practices care for as entities that determine the very possibility of their healing and harming craft. Cuban-Kongo societies of ...

Stress and burnout among general practitioners (GPs) is a serious problem. Some authors suggest supervision groups or Balint groups as a means of preventing burnout and others address how to treat the condition. This paper reports a case study of a supervision group for Danish GPs which, as well as ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact of global strategies, such as pooled procurement arrangements, third-party price negotiation and differential pricing, on reducing the price of antiretrovirals (ARVs), which currently hinders universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment. METHODS: We estimated the impact of global strategies to reduce ARV prices using data on 7253 ...

Awareness during general anaesthesia is a rare but significant problem that can be frightening to the patients. We suggest that newer generation monitors should include this facility to provide a low alarm limit to MAC settings so as to improve the quality of patient care. Also we suggest that a ...

Awareness during general anesthesia with subsequent explicit recall is a serious and frequently preventable problem that is gaining attention from clinicians and patients alike. Cost-effective interventions that increase vigilance should be implemented to decrease the likelihood of this complication.

Unconscious plagiarism occurs when people try to generate new ideas or when they try to recall their own ideas from among a set generated by a group. In this study, the factors that independently influence these two forms of plagiarism error were examined. Participants initially generated solutions to real-world problems ...

Between April 2006 and March 2008, general practitioners managed at least one chronic problem at 39.5% of patient encounters, and two or more chronic problems at one in 10 (9.8%) of these encounters. Based on an average 106.5 million Medicare claimed GP encounters per year during the study period, we ...

We point out an important fundamental limitation associated with the dielectric ribbon waveguide described by Yeh [Appl. Opt.44, 5937 (2005)], which would restrict its practical use in ultrahigh- or terahertz-speed guided-wave applications, contrary to their underlying prediction, and we additionally point out a noteworthy inaccuracy in their introductory discussion.

Philosophical (p-) zombies are constructs that possess all of the behavioral features and responses of a sentient human being, yet are not conscious. P-zombies are intimately linked to the hard problem of consciousness and have been invoked as arguments against physicalist approaches. But what if we were to invert the ...

People remember information better if they generate the information while studying rather than read the information. However, prior research has not investigated whether this generation effect extends to related but unstudied items and has not been conducted in classroom settings. We compared third graders' success on studied and unstudied multiplication ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the nature of the collaborations between academia and practitioners in two community pharmacy practice-based research networks (PBRNs). SETTING: Community pharmacy practice sites owned by two pharmacy chain corporations that have cooperated with two pharmacy schools for up to 10 years in research efforts. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: A PBRN ...

A concept of generalized arousal of the CNS is presented and given an operational definition that leads to quantitative physical measures. Because this primitive arousal function underlies all motivated behavioral responses, cognitive functions, and emotional expression, disorders of generalized arousal can be associated with a large number of problems in ...

We study general algorithmic frameworks for online learning tasks. These include binary classification, regression, multiclass problems and cost-sensitive multiclass classification. The theorems that we present give loss bounds on the behavior of our algorithms which depend on general conditions on the iterative step sizes.

Although much has been written about the challenge of having four generations in the workplace simultaneously, problems of conflict, misunderstanding, and divisiveness continue. This article provides a snapshot of each generation as context. A series of scenarios based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs are then presented with insights into how ...

We reexamine the three-body problem in the framework of general relativity. The Newtonian N-body problem admits choreographic solutions, where a solution is called choreographic if every massive particle moves periodically in a single closed orbit. One is a stable figure-eight orbit for a three-body system, which was found first by ...

A method for generating various forms of junctions involving armchair and zig-zag nanotubes, firstly introduced by Zsoldos et al., is developed to cover all types of armchair and zig-zag nanotubes in a systematical way. This method can also be used to produce nanogears and toothed canals. The method is explained ...

"Genetics" is a term covering a wide set of theories, practices, and technologies, only some of which overlap with the practices and technologies of biometrics. In this paper some current technological developments relating to biometric applications of genetics will be highlighted. Next, the author will elaborate the notion of the ...

Old flowers of Cyclamen generate few or no seeds. To understand the pollination problems of Cyclamen we investigate the general anatomy of the stigma and the style of Cyclamen persicum by scanning electron microscopy at different stages of floral maturity. Our investigations confirm that there is a hollow style. Against ...

Finding multidimensional nondirect product discrete variable representations (DVRs) of Hamiltonian operators is one of the long standing challenges in computational quantum mechanics. The concept of a "DVR set" was introduced as a general framework for treating this problem by R. G. Littlejohn, M. Cargo, T. Carrington, Jr., K. A. Mitchell, ...

In response to increasing cost pressures, healthcare systems are encouraging the use of generic medicines. This review explores potential problems with generic substitution of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). A broad search strategy identified approximately 70 relevant articles. Potential problems with generic substitution included: The limited evidence (mainly case reports with some ...

Volatile organic compounds are important flavor components of finished wines. In addition to winemaking practices, which shape wine quality, cultivation of the grape berries in the vineyard each season affects the production of volatile organic compounds as well as other chemical components that ultimately contribute to our perception of flavor ...

BACKGROUND: Anesthesia equipment problems may contribute to anesthetic morbidity and mortality. In Thailand, the magnitude and pattern of these problems has not been established. We therefore analyzed the frequency, type and severity of equipment-related problems, and what additional efforts might be needed to improve safety. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data ...

The continuous care of headache patients, from headache centres to general practice, is a managerial problem that is still unsolved in Italy. In fact, if on the one hand patients do not usually go to headache centres because of poor information, on the other hand, if they do, they do ...

Generation Y (those born 1980-2000) is now entering the workplace, making four generations of co-workers with potentially clashing characteristics, including different styles and expectations of communication. Because the "generation gap" can also be a "communication gap," the author explores how traditionalists, baby boomers, Generation X and Generation Y operate and ...

We study the statistical mechanics of a class of problems whose phase space is the set of permutations of an ensemble of quenched random positions. Specific examples analyzed are the finite-temperature traveling salesman problem on several different domains and various problems in one dimension such as the so-called descent problem. ...

AIM: To ascertain the awareness of and response to the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines among general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the Mersey region. METHODS: A pre-piloted postal questionnaire was sent to all GDPs (522) on the Mersey postgraduate register. Day case statistics for third molar surgery at ...

OBJECTIVE: (99m)Tc obtained from (99)Mo/(99m)Tc generators is playing a key role in the majority of diagnostic scans performed in the world today. The availability of (99m)Tc can be increased if it is separated from (99)Mo after much shorter growth times (multiple elution). Fractionated elution may provide a high concentration of ...

Coin tossing is a cryptographic task in which two parties who do not trust each other aim to generate a common random bit. Using classical communication this is impossible, but nontrivial coin tossing is possible using quantum communication. Here we consider the case when the parties do not want to ...

The aim of this study was to preliminarily determine the feasibility of probabilistically generating problem-specific computerized provider order entry (CPOE) pick-lists from a database of explicitly linked orders and problems from actual clinical cases. In a pilot retrospective validation, physicians reviewed internal medicine cases consisting of the admission history and ...

This has not been a comprehensive review of problems with general anaesthesia for Caesarean section, but major issues have been considered. The old problems are still with us, but their manifestations are perhaps more subtle as anaesthesia has become more sophisticated. Most of the problems are of our own making, ...

BACKGROUND: GP registrars, in common with other doctors, frequently experience high levels of stress; however, little is known about the nature and outcomes of personal and educational problems experienced during vocational training for general practice. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to elicit the nature, causes and effects of ...

The objectives of this study were to describe the features of consultation within general practice with special attention to the differences between short, moderate and long consultations. An analysis of 2801 videotaped consultations of 183 General Practitioners from six countries participating in the Eurocommunication Study was made. The communicative behaviour ...

Deferred imitation of object-related actions and generalization of imitation to similar but not identical tasks were assessed in two human-reared (enculturated) orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Each ape displayed low levels of deferred imitation but did not provide evidence of generalization of imitation. Results suggest that enculturated orangutans may not possess social-cognitive ...

This article introduces a generalization of dimensional analysis and its corollary, the Pi-theorem, to the class of problems in which some of the quantities that define the problem have fixed values in all the cases that are of interest. The procedure can reduce the number of dimensionless similarity variables beyond ...

Perceptions about general environmental problems, governmental spending for these problems, and major concerns about the US Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) were examined by interviewing 356 people attending a gun show in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The hypothesis that there are differences in these three areas as a ...

BACKGROUND: Opioid based cough mixtures are readily available to the public and are generally used safely. However, like alcohol, their use can sometimes be a significant part of a dependence problem. OBJECTIVE: This case study provides practical information for general practitioners in the detection, assessment and management of patients with ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyse the reasons for encounter of teenagers in family practice and to compare them with the reasons recorded by their family practitioner (FP). METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 91 FPs from the Paris area and from the French-speaking part of Belgium. The ...

I briefly survey some areas of Sam Greenhouse's contributions to statistical methods before focusing on three examples. These examples illustrate Sam's ability to identify problems of practical importance and to make valuable contributions to their solutions. Many of his papers continue to provide important guidance and insight because he dealt ...

INTRODUCTION: Australian general practitioners suffer from high levels of stress, but the incidence among GP registrars during vocational training is less well described. METHODS: All 400 new Australian GP registrars in 1999 were invited to participate in the study. Consenting registrars completed an annual questionnaire and initial psychometric scales. Medical ...