OBJECTIVE: Stock market investment (SMI) is one of the most socially acceptable types of gambling, which, however, can turn into a gambling problem. Because it is barely examined, we compared a series of clinical, psychopathologic, and personality variables in SMI gambling patients (both as primary and secondary problem) with a ...

It is now widely recognized that effective communication is a crucial element in radiological/nuclear terrorism preparedness. Whereas in the past, communication and information issues were sometimes viewed as secondary in comparison with technical concerns, today the need to improve risk communication, public information, and emergency messaging is seen as a ...

Background  While evidence suggests sleep problems are common in young children and linked to behavioural problems, studies of toddlers are rare. This community-based cross-sectional study examined associations between sleep problems and daytime behaviour among 58 children aged 1 to 3 years who attended daycare centres. Methods  Mothers and daycare providers ...

In its continuous version, the entropy functional measuring the information content of a given probability density may be plagued by a "measure" problem that results from improper weighting of phase space. This issue is addressed considering a generic collision process whereby a large number of particles or agents randomly and ...

Girls in foster care have been shown to be at risk for emotional and behavioral problems, especially during the preadolescent and adolescent years. Based on these findings and on the lack of research-based preventive interventions for such youths, the current study examined the impact of an intervention targeting the prevention ...

Neighborhood dangerousness and belongingness were expected to moderate associations between harsh parenting and toddler-age children's problem behaviors. Fifty-five predominantly African American mothers participated with their 2-year old children. Neighborhood danger, neighborhood belongingness, and children's problem behaviors were measured with mothers' reports. Harsh parenting was measured with observer ratings. Analyses considered ...

This study examines gender differences in the association between environment and internalizing problems in a sample of predominately African American schoolchildren. Internalizing problems was assessed using the Youth Self Report. Violence and alcohol and other drug (AOD) exposure subscales were created using observational assessments of neighborhood blocks. Logistic regression models ...

AIM: To examine the prospective relationship between externalizing and internalizing problems and cannabis use in early adolescence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were used from the TRAILS study, a longitudinal cohort study of (pre)adolescents (n=1,449), with measurements at age 11.1 (T1), age 13.6 (T2) and age 16.3 (T3). Internalizing (withdrawn behaviour, ...

Previous meta-analytic research has shown both concurrent and prospective linkages between peer victimization and internalizing problems in youth. However, the linkages between peer victimization and externalizing problems over time have not been systematically examined, and it is therefore unknown if externalizing problems are antecedents of victimization, consequences of victimization, both, ...

Chemotaxis assays are essential tools for the study of gradient sensing and directed cell migration, and have the potential to aid in the diagnosis and characterization of patients with immune disorders. Current methods are limited in their ability to meet the more demanding requirements for clinical applications. Because patient samples ...

ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: Pulse oximetry: review of a potential aid in endodontic diagnosis. Jafarzadeh H, Rosenberg PA. J Endod 2009;35(3):329-33. REVIEWER: Dan Caplan, DDS, PhD PURPOSE/QUESTION: This article provided a description of pulse oximetry, its use in patient care settings, and its potential for use in endodontic diagnosis. ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor 1 (sVEGF R1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) levels in the clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: Plasma was collected prospectively from 457 subjects (n = 409 without preeclampsia, n = 48 with ...

Population-based surveillance data can help guide research priorities and plan programmes to prevent death among women with AIDS. We describe the predictors of mortality among women diagnosed with AIDS in Illinois, USA. Using the HIV/AIDS Reporting System), we identified 1944 adult women who were diagnosed with AIDS during January 1999-December ...

Forearm instability is a complex problem resulting from traumatic disruption of the forearm stabilizers: the radial head, the interosseous membrane, and the triangular fibrocartilage complex. Dissociation of the forearm unit is often underrecognized and therefore inadequately treated, leading to poor patient outcomes. The goals of this article are to impart ...

Multiclass classification is one of the fundamental tasks in bioinformatics and typically arises in cancer diagnosis studies by gene expression profiling. There have been many studies of aggregating binary classifiers to construct a multiclass classifier based on one-versus-the-rest (1R), one-versus-one (11), or other coding strategies, as well as some comparison ...

In a special article entitled, "Impacted Maxillary Canines: A Review," Samir E. Bishara states: "The ectopic eruption and impaction of maxillary permanent canines is a frequently encountered clinical problem. The diagnosis and treatment of this problem usually requires the expertise and cooperation of the general practitioner, the paediatric dentist, the ...

A rare case of bilateral multifocal choroiditis and optic neuropathy as the result of disseminated cryptococcal infection in a person with AIDS is described. A 30-year-old HIV-positive man presented with fever, headache, vomiting, and altered sensorium Ophthalmological examination revealed bilateral multifocal choroiditis and optic neuropathy. Laboratory examination and imaging suggested ...

A complete and thorough vocal history and physical examination is the cornerstone of the evaluation of any patient who has a vocal complaint. Continued scientific progress in the understanding of vocal fold vibration and sound production combined with advances in technology have resulted in the availability of numerous supplemental diagnostic ...

A rare case of Acanthamoebae meningoencephalitis is diagnosed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a 24 years old male suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient on the basis of bright field microscopy and culture growth on non-nutrient agar with Escherichia coli. This case illustrates that Acanthamoebae should be considered in ...

In this paper, the recently developed Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is used for direct multicategory classification problems in the cancer diagnosis area. ELM avoids problems like local minima, improper learning rate and overfitting commonly faced by iterative learning methods and completes the training very fast. We have evaluated the multi-category ...

Surgeons have always been ready to adapt advances in technology into their practice. The discovery by Wilhelm Roentgen of X-rays in 1885 was applied within weeks of its publication to the diagnosis of fractures and the location of foreign bodies. The development of the electric light bulb by Edison enabled ...

OBJECTIVE: To enhance the understanding and effect of physician's difficulties, attitudes and communication styles on the disclosure of the diagnosis of AD in practice. METHODS: Qualitative, phenomenological study, combining pre-encounter interviews with physicians, observations of actual encounters of diagnosis disclosure of AD, and post-encounter interviews. RESULTS: There were various ways ...

Homeopathy has a communication problem: important homeopathic concepts are not understood by conventional colleagues. Homeopathic terminology seems to be comprehensible only after practical experience of homeopathy. The main problem lies in different handling of diagnosis. In conventional medicine diagnosis is the starting point for randomised controlled trials to determine the ...

Over the past two decades, immunohistochemical techniques have improved to such a degree that it is now a common adjuvant test to the traditional hematoxylin and eosin-stained histologic sections. It is used in most realms of surgical pathology and can often aid in final diagnosis and, in some cases, prognosis. ...

This article uses a case-based approach to review common problems of urination in nonpregnant women, including overactive bladder; stress, urge, and mixed incontinence; and retention and prolapse. Up-to-date clinical issues related to assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up are reviewed, with a discussion of underlying pathophysiology and prevention strategies. Suggestions are ...

Arrhythmias are potentially life-threatening problems in the fetus and newborn. Appropriate management depends on accurate diagnosis. Atrioventricular re-entry is the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia in both the fetus and newborn. It should be distinguished from other types of tachycardia - such as atrial flutter, atrial ectopic tachycardia, permanent ...

BACKGROUND: Although a variety of technical and clinical problems of capsule endoscopy have been reported, their incidence and clinical importance are unknown. The objective was to evaluate the incidence and the type of such events. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 733 consecutive examinations at 4 large referral centers. ...

Distinguishing large pulmonary bullae from an acute pneumothorax can present a diagnostic challenge in the emergency setting. Plain film radiography of the chest may be inadequate to make the diagnosis. As the management of these two entities varies significantly, a clinical adjunct to aid diagnosis would prove useful. Using emergency ...

The morphologic classification of thymoma has undergone numerous revisions in recent years and has been under continuous debate for the past several decades. With the introduction of the World Health Organization (WHO) schema for the classification of thymic epithelial neoplasms in 1999, a major step was taken toward achieving uniformity ...

BACKGROUND: GPs report that patients' psychosocial problems play a part in 20% of all consultations. GPs state that these consultations are more time-consuming and the perceived burden on the GP is higher. AIM: To investigate whether GPs' workload in consultations is related to psychological or social problems of patients. DESIGN ...

Open bite malocclusion is frequently discussed in orthodontics; diagnosis, treatment, and retention can be difficult because this malocclusion has numerous correlated etiological factors. The earlier this malocclusion is corrected, the better the prognosis will be, especially when the problem is skeletal. This article presents a patient with skeletal open bite ...

The revised International Headache Society classification (2004) represents a very good reference also for ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists and can be largely shared. The authors follow the classification outline and comment on the chapters of ENT interest. The classification leaves unsolved problems and most of them are of ...

We recently evaluated two patients because of persistent, unexplained bilious vomiting following total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy. With the aid of intestinal manometry and reoperation, an antiperistaltic Roux limb was discovered in both cases. Isoperistaltic repositioning of the Roux limb led to resolution of both patients' symptoms. These case reports ...

Tuberculosis (TB) is of great public health concern globally, and the impact is most felt in developing countries of Asia and Africa, where 95% of cases and 98% of deaths are attributable to the disease, The disease is poverty-driven and the situation is further worsened by absence of rapid diagnostic ...

Problems concerning the concept of biocoenosis in ecology (the antecedent of the pathocoenosis concept) are discussed first of all. Six main problems are identified: the problem of emergent properties of ecological communities; the problem of ambiguity; the problem of heterogeneity; the boundary problem; the problem of retrospective differential diagnosis; and ...

OBJECTIVE: Treatment of child mental health (MH) problems should be informed by psychiatric diagnosis. Whether primary care clinicians (PCCs) use standardized psychiatric diagnostic criteria to direct the treatment of child MH problems is unknown. This study investigated PCCs' use of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria during ...

The authors have a personal philosophy that it is worthwhile for a physician on occasion to be the patient. When this particular physician consults another physician for a medical problem, he is seeking treatment to eradicate that particular problem. It is difficult to afford the appropriate therapy for that problem ...

Medical diagnosis has special requirements on reliability and interpretability of a learning scheme. Two problems in heart arrhythmia diagnosis are discussed in the paper 1) distinguish premature ventricular contraction beats from normal beats (Problem A); 2) distinguish premature ventricular contraction beats from premature atrial beats (Problem B). Analysis of the ...

Visceral leishmaniasis, or kala azar (KA), affects the rural poor, causing significant morbidity and mortality. We examined the epidemiologic, social, and economic impact of KA in a village in Bangladesh. A population-based survey among 2,348 people demonstrated a KA incidence of 2% per year from 2000 to 2002, with a ...

AIM: This paper reviews the proceedings and conclusions of a meeting of experts concerned with the problem of hypomineralised incisors and molars (MIH). The aims of this meeting were to establish criteria for the judgement of MIH, to select representative cases and to discuss how the name of the condition ...

Panniculitis and lipodystrophy are rare disorders of subcutaneous tissue. Recently the incidence of lipodystrophy has been increasing secondary to its appearance in patients with HIV. In this population, the lipodystrophy appears to be a direct consequence of drug therapy. A review of the available literature regarding pathogenesis and treatment options ...

Lymphatic filariasis has afflicted people in the tropical areas of the world for thousands of years but even up to comparatively recent times it has been poorly understood and its importance under recognised. In the last 2 decades or so there has been a flurry of activity in filariasis research, ...

How should we grade CIN? The grading of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is problematic. CIN represents a morphological continuum, but biopsies displaying this lesion are classified into two (e.g. Bethesda) or three grade categories, sometimes with poor reproducibility. There are also difficulties in reliably distinguishing low-grade CIN from its reactive ...

BACKGROUND: Acute eye problems are among the commonest problems presenting to the general practitioner. Due to the general lack of exposure to such problems and unavailability of appropriate equipment, the diagnosis is difficult to make with any degree of certainty. The availability of eye services varies widely in Australia. In ...

This review article primarily discusses immunohistochemical markers used to aid the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasia. The review concentrates on high molecular weight cytokeratins, cytokertain 19, HBME-1, and galectin-3. Diagnostic uses of proliferation markers such as p27(kip1) and Ki-67 are discussed along with the oncogene ret in relation to papillary carcinomas ...

In Japan, the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has attracted wide attention after the Great Hanshin Earthquake and the subway sarin gas attack in 1994. Compensation problems about PTSD diagnosis has became a social problem now. So we felt the necessity to create a clear criteria to be used ...

OBJECTIVE: to compare the ability of computer-aided diagnosis and contrast radiography for the diagnosis of acute mechanical small bowel obstruction. DESIGN: Prospective randomised trial. SETTING: Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania. SUBJECTS: 80 patients with small bowel obstruction with no clinical evidence of strangulation who were randomised into two groups (n ...

This article examines 2 practices that are used to present children's problems to their pediatricians in acute care encounters. Using the methodology of conversation analysis, this article examines the alternative stances embodied by problem presentations, which offer "symptoms only" versus problem presentations, which also include a "candidate diagnosis." This article ...

This is a cross-sectional, population-based (n = 378,710) study using hospital discharge abstract data to determine the relative risk associated with having a dual diagnosis of mental illness and HIV/AIDS. The analysis addresses issues of gender, race, and age, as well as types of mental illness. Persons with a mental ...

Fatigue is commonly reported among polio survivors. The aims of the present study were to examine the incidence of perceived fatigue among a sample of Norwegian polio survivors, and to examine the association between the level of fatigue and sociodemographic and health variables. A mailed questionnaire containing, among others, Fatigue ...