The use of the anxiolytic herb kava has caused toxic liver injury in Western countries and economic problems in South Pacific Islands due to tthe regulatory ban on kava. This analysis shows poor quality of kava raw material as a cause for its toxicity and suggests preventative measures by going ...

The usability concept refers to aspects related to the use of products that are closely linked to the user's degree of satisfaction. Our goal is to present a functional evaluation methodology for assessing the usability of sophisticated technical aids, such as a portable robot for helping disabled patients with severe ...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) in AIDS patients and the value of RIFLE classification for predicting outcome. The study was conducted on AIDS patients admitted to an infectious diseases hospital inBrazil. The patients with AKI were classified according to ...

The fishes of continental Brazil have socioeconomic importance due to their potential for sport fishing and commercial and subsistence uses, as seen in the Upper Paraguay River Basin, particularly in the municipalities of the Pantanal region, where it is the second largest economic activity. Injuries caused in professional fishermen are ...

To describe the residual physical problems 1 year after traffic injuries in children with respect to age, gender, extraction (Swedish or foreign), type of care, type of accident and use of protective equipment, type of injury, and the impact on daily living activities. Hospital data were analysed for children, aged ...

Well-equipped first-aid kits are necessary but not always provided on recreational dive boats. We aimed to review the types of illness and injury likely to be encountered on such boats and inform a content list for such kits. We conducted a 3-round Delphi study by email using a volunteer panel ...

This study conducted to assess the factors related to skin lesions in bilateral lower limb war-amputees. This is a clinical based, cross-sectional study of 335 bilateral amputees who injured during Iran-Iraq War. Their demographics and injuries detail, amputation, prosthesis and gait-aid characteristics, stump hygiene and skin problems, have been investigated. ...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the population of those receiving inpatient rehabilitation who sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to a suicide attempt and identify differences between such individuals and a demographically-matched control group (n = 230) of those whose TBIs were of an unintentional aetiology. METHOD: Analysed cases were identified ...

Multi-centre, single cohort. To assess the needs, perceived environmental barriers, level of participation and psychological function of spinal cord injured patients living in the community 3-18 months after discharge. The National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville, UK.; Princess Royal Spinal Injuries Centre, Sheffield UK.; Midlands Centre for Spinal Injuries, Oswestry, ...

Contrast-induced nephropathy is an injury to the kidney occurring as a result of exposure to intravascular contrast media. It results in both short- and long-term adverse events including mortality. Since treatment of the injury after it has occurred is ineffective, efforts to prevent the injury are the focus of investigators ...

Injury prevention in Indigenous communities in Australia is a continuing national challenge, with Indigenous fatality rates due to injury three times higher than the general population. Suicide and transport are the leading causes of injury mortality, and assault, transport and falls the primary causes of injury morbidity. Addressing the complex ...

Assessment of home aids, adaptations and personal assistance received after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Clinic for Spinal Cord Injuries, Denmark. Uptake area, 2.5 million inhabitants. Cross-sectional follow-up with retrospective data from medical files. Individuals with traumatic SCI before 1 January 1991, still in regular follow-up and with sufficient medical ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of unit dose budesonide (UDB), an aqueous dispersion of submicron-sized budesonide particles, and a commercially available budesonide suspension formulation. This was a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, 4-period, 4-way crossover trial in 16 healthy, adult volunteers. Subjects received UDB 0.24, ...

Pedicle screw instrumentation has become increasingly popular during the past 20 years and a vast selection of products is available on the market. With rising implantation rates, reports about specific complications also have increased. The main reason for these complications is the fact that the course of the pedicle and ...

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of a residential community reintegration programme for participants with chronic sequelae of severe acquired brain injury that hamper community functioning. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: Twenty-four participants with acquired brain injury (traumatic n = 18; stroke n = 3, tumour n = 2, encephalitis n ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine resumption of driving after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its relation to community integration. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study; survey and cognitive data. SETTINGS: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital of the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems and community. PARTICIPANTS: Persons (N=261) ranging from 3 months to 15 years postinjury. INTERVENTIONS: ...

BACKGROUND: Harvesting of blueberries is associated with musculoskeletal injury. This study assessed the effects of several alternative designs of the harvesting rake. METHODS: A community-based work team selected rake design for intervention and pilot tested potential design modifications to the blueberry harvesting rake. An "extended" handle design was selected for ...

National seatbelt observation surveys indicate commercial vehicle drivers' seatbelt usage is lower than passenger vehicle drivers. Seatbelts are effective at preventing injuries and death following motor vehicle crashes and an important component in decreasing morbidity and mortality related to commercial vehicle crashes. We conducted an observation survey of heavy commercial ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify lifetime prevalence and predictors of self-reported injecting-related injuries and diseases (IRID) and/or injecting-related problems (IRP) among a national cross-sectional sample of injecting drug users. METHODS: 1,961 clients of 45 needle and syringe programs (NSPs) who participated in the 2006 Australian NSP Survey self-completed an item regarding lifetime ...

OBJECTIVE: Injury is a major neglected health problem in developing countries. The first step in dealing with injury problem is to identify the injury patterns and characteristics. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate the current status of trauma admissions to hospitals in Shiraz, as a major city of Iran. METHODS: A ...

On 23 March, 2005, a series of explosions and fires occurred at the BP Texas City refinery during the startup of an isomerization (ISOM) process unit. Fifteen workers were killed and about 180 others were injured. All of the fatalities were contract workers; the deaths and most of the serious ...

PROBLEM: This study aimed to provide an assessment of the contribution of design to the occurrence of fatal work-related injuries in Australia. METHODS: The Australian National Coroners' Information System was the data source for fatal injuries. Deaths resulting from workplace injuries on or between 1 July 2000 and 30 June ...

The present study aims to explore the case management model by using problem solving skills in assisting workers with injuries in returning to work. A total of five workers with injuries were enrolled and there were four stages during the whole case management process including a medical rehabilitation stage (stage ...

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that around 4% of the population engages, or has engaged, in deliberate non-suicidal self-injury. In clinical samples, the figures rise as high as 21%. There is also evidence to suggest that these figures may be increasing. A family member or friend may suspect that a person ...

Burn injuries result in significant physical and psychologic complications that require comprehensive rehabilitation treatment and coordination with the acute care burn team. This interdisciplinary rehabilitation treatment is focused on preventing long-term problems with scarring, contractures, and other problems that limit physical function. Adequate pain management and recognition of psychologic issues ...

The Sport Interference Checklist (SIC) was developed in 141 athletes to assist in the concurrent assessment of cognitive and behavioral problems experienced by athletes in both training (Problems in Sports Training Scale, PSTS) and competition (Problems in Sports Competition Scale, PSCS). An additional scale (Desire for Sport Psychology Scale, DSPS) ...

PURPOSE: To determine the relationships between perceived participation and problems in participation, and life satisfaction in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHOD: A total of 157 men and women with SCI completed the Swedish versions of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire (IPA) and the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire ...

BACKGROUND: Injuries are the number one cause of morbidity and mortality to persons aged 1-44 years in the United States. Community-based interventions offer one approach to reducing injuries. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether injuries could be reduced over a 5 year period by at least 20% in a midwestern community using ...

This study provides a comparative time-trend evaluation of injury mortality in local communities in Sweden and the three Baltic States, considering their national socio-political and economic situations and with analysis of local injury prevention structures and activities. Data for the period from 1990 to 2002 were gathered from national statistical ...

Patellofemoral instability can be a difficult condition for clinicians to manage. Differentiation needs to be made as to whether the problem is an acute injury where a traumatic incident has usually precipitated the dislocation or whether the problem is a recurrent instability where the patellofemoral joint is unstable during everyday ...

This self-directed learning module highlights community reintegration after spinal cord injury (SCI). It is part of the study guide on spinal cord injury medicine in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article specifically focuses on physical, social, psychologic, and environmental barriers ...

Injury surveillance is widely recognized as a critical prerequisite for effective injury prevention, yet few studies have investigated its use by community-based injury prevention programmes. This study examined the extent to which local injury data were collected, documented, analysed, linked to injury prevention action and used for evaluation among WHO ...

This article focuses on legal ramifications inherent in the management of impacted teeth. The initial section explores the potential problems associated with the care of impacted teeth that makes such treatment clinically challenging and legally risky. The next section discusses means of preventing or mitigating the injuries that can occur ...

An armed robbery of a visitor in the hospital's parking garage, which fortunately did not cause any physical injuries, resulted in a reevaluation of security response procedures and the related problems that accompany such an event. The article reviews recommendations for responding to an incident that involves firearms, including security ...

Falls and associated injuries in the inpatient environment continue to be an unsolved patient safety problem. At New York-Presbyterian Hospital (NYP), an automated fall-injury risk assessment (FIRA) instrument was developed and integrated into the desktop-based clinical information system. The following study focuses on the evaluation criteria for hardware, software, and ...

We examined the degree to which individuals with a history of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are unaware of their postinjury deficits. We also examined correlates between awareness problems and injury acuteness and severity and whether awareness problems differed across behavioral domains. Self- and significant other (family member) ...

Disabled athletes face many challenges during training and competition. As the number of disabled athletes grows, sports medicine professionals must become proficient in dealing with this population. A functional classification system is used to classify disabled athletes into 1 of 6 categories: wheelchair athletes, amputees, athletes with cerebral palsy, visual ...

Historically, flexor tendon injuries have been the focus of multiple treatment techniques, splinting approaches, and protocols. However, extensor tendon injuries can also have significant problems, such as extensor lag and wrist tenodesis. Because these deficits seem to have less of an effect on our daily functions, when compared to the ...

Emergency medicine plays a significant role in injury prevention through the use of public health models that link injury data to prevention programming, research, and advocacy. The day-to-day experiences in the emergency department provide a picture of the injury problem in a given community and give the emergency practitioner a ...

This study investigates the injury rate levels, changes, and trends between 1987 and 2002 for the 14 Swedish municipalities designated as WHO Safe Communities. The injury rate was defined as the number of injured patients discharged from hospital per 1000 persons. Injury rates were age standardised. Each municipality was compared ...

Academics and protest groups have claimed that "problem music" (hard rock, hip hop/rap, & punk) causes self-injurious thoughts/behaviors among fans. In this study we investigated whether the relationship is mediated by self-esteem, delinquency, and conservatism; and whether first exposure to problem music preceded self-injurious thoughts. A liking for problem music ...

This is a prospective study of problems encountered with rabies-exposed patients in an animal bite clinic in a rabies endemic region. Five hundred successive patients were analyzed. The study focused mainly on issues that are not well covered in current WHO and US-CDC rabies manuals. Those dealing with immunoglobulin administration, ...

OBJECTIVE: In contrast to cranial neuro-navigation, which has been accepted as a routine intraoperative tool, there is still much debate about spinal navigation as an aid for the insertion of pedicle screws. Opinions range from "not useful at all" to "malpractice if not using it". The aim of our investigation ...

Injuries due to small arms and light weapons (SALW) are common in developing countries with ongoing collective violence, or those that exist in a post-conflict state. Uganda has a long history of armed conflict, but little quantitative evidence is available about the extent of the problem of SALW. We performed ...

We are living in exciting times with many challenges and new opportunities to overcome diseases. The concept and definition of blindness and their major causes worldwide are discussed with reference to the Vision 2020 initiatives launched in 1999 for blindness prevention, with an updated summary. The peculiar problems that exists ...

The posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee is a critical element for a functional lower extremity. It consists of an array of complex ligamentous and musculotendinous structures. The primary function of the PLC is to resist varus and external rotation and posterior translation of the tibia. Injuries to these structures ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relations among driving status, perceptions of barriers to the resumption of driving, and community integration outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Correlational research using logistic and multiple regression analyses, analyses of variance, and covariance. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-one survivors of TBI, 6 months to 10 years postinjury. ...

BACKGROUND: Pedestrians and cyclists account for nearly one in three of all road users killed and seriously injured in road traffic crashes. Late detection of other road users is one of the basic driver failures responsible for collisions. Aids to improve pedestrians and cyclist visibility have been used to avert ...

Disaster victims present in waves. The initial presenting group is traditionally suffering from mild physical injuries, and the second wave, usually following 6 h later, typically has more serious trauma. Medical problems typically are not adequately treated when a person has psychological reasons to worry about survival. The third wave ...

PROBLEM: The effectiveness of speed humps, 14 ft (4.3 m) wide by 3.5 in (8.9 cm) high, and tables, 22 ft (6.7 m) wide, on 12 streets in Salt Lake City, Utah was investigated. Mean and 85th percentile spot speeds, speed limit compliance, motor-vehicle crashes, and resident opinions were considered. ...