The article reviews selected legal issues regarding AIDS and HIV infection. Following an overview of the legislative and regulatory structure of public health laws in the United States, the article describes legal issues relating to the development of an AIDS vaccine, determination of appropriate professional liability standards in diagnosing and ...

Two young adolescents are reported in whom fears of contracting AIDS were a prominent part of their clinical presentation. Public anxiety, specific developmental vulnerability, and exposure to the media information campaign about HIV infection and AIDS are discussed as factors in the genesis and precipitation of emotional disorder in these ...

Thirty-two follow-up studies of patients with HIV-1 infection, but without AIDS at baseline, were examined for information on the risk of developing AIDS or other conditions. Disease progression in asymptomatic groups was similar to that found in patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) without other symptoms. Among these asymptomatic and ...

Among the more common manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are tumors and infections that occur in regions treated by the bronchoesophagologist. In reviewing our institutional experience in the diagnosis and treatment of 396 patients with AIDS in 1987, we have noted that 226 (57%) had some form of pneumonia ...

Dermatologists function as consultants in the management of AIDS. They are consulted for care of cutaneous complications such as superficial infections (viral, dermatophyte, deep fungal, and bacterial). The management of these problems is similar to that in individuals with intact immune systems; however, these processes when associated with HIV infection ...

In the United States there has been an increase in mycobacterial infections that is attributable to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Since 1983, when the first case of AIDS was reported in Australia, there have been 523 patients (to June 30, 1987) notified with group-IV AIDS and, of these, 361 ...

The availability of imaging modalities, such as the chest radiograph, gallium scan, double-contrast barium enema, computed tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance, are very helpful in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up evaluation of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Because this syndrome causes irreversible destruction of the immune system, patients are ...

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), who present with or develop psychotic symptoms, almost invariably have evidence of cognitive impairment. Three psychotic patients, one with AIDS, and two with AIDS-related complex (ARC), who showed no evidence of cognitive impairment, are reported. It is suggested that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ...

Gonadal, adrenal, and thyroid functions were evaluated in 70 men seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, clinically categorized as asymptomatic (n = 19), AIDS-related complex (ARC) (n = 9), or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (n = 42). Twenty of 40 men (50 percent) with AIDS were hypogonadal. Mean serum ...

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is accompanied by a metabolic disturbance. Serum samples from persons with antibodies against the AIDS associated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/LAV/HTLV III) including persons without overt symptoms, patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) and patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) contain on the average significantly elevated ...

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) constitute a worldwide public health problem. Whereas in Europe and in most of the Americas transmission of HIV-1 has occurred predominantly among homosexual men and intravenous drug abusers, in Africa a distinct epidemiologic pattern has ...

Dental health care workers (DHCWs) can provide important diagnostic, treatment, and referral services for patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS. They also have a responsibility to protect all patients in their practices, and themselves, from infectious disease transmission through the use of infection control. To determine the extent ...

The following communication is a tripartite synopsis of the role of viral infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The first section describes the impact of viral opportunistic infection in AIDS; for each virus, clinical presentation and diagnosis, laboratory diagnostic approaches (with emphasis on electron microscopy), and therapeutic interventions attempted ...

Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are associated with an increased prevalence of several dermatologic diseases. We studied healthy homosexual men with negative reactivity to HIV antibody, homosexual men without AIDS but with positive reactivity to HIV antibody, and homosexual men with AIDS to compare ...

The dimensions of AIDS continue to increase. The number of people infected with the AIDS virus (HIV) grows and no effective vaccine or curative treatment is expected in the near future. This article describes the oral findings of AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC). It will help dentists in recognition, diagnosis, ...

Those who participate in aquatic sports are at risk for some special ocular problems. These have been outlined here and include optical problems and refractive errors, pressure related disease, ocular trauma, infections and irritations, toxins, and complications of exposure to sun and wind. Awareness of these disorders may allow better ...

The function of macrophage C3 receptors was assessed in vivo by measuring the clearance of C3-sensitized autologous erythrocytes in seven acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, eight healthy homosexual men, eight healthy heterosexual men, and four infected controls. Healthy heterosexual men had an initial clearance of 50.1 +/- 2.0% of the ...

In contrast to toxoplasmosis in non-AIDS immunocompromised hosts, AIDS patients rarely have been reported to be infected at extra-CNS sites. We report the case of a 45-year-old homosexual male with AIDS who presented with pneumonitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii following a previous illness consistent with CNS toxoplasmosis.

AIDS is a fatal viral infection transmitted by body fluids, primarily blood, which is becoming more common in the U.K., and if the gloomiest predictions are true will affect millions in the next decade. Most, if not all, of these patients will at stage develop neurological manifestations: therefore the neurosurgeon ...

Urinary neopterin levels are raised with a high incidence in all risk groups for AIDS. Neopterin elevations reflect activated cellular immunity in risk group members, in some cases independently of LAV/HTLV-III infection. Moreover, we are able to show that in patients receiving multiple blood transfusions at least a transient challenge ...

Toxoplasmosis was thought to be a minor problem on a lowland sheep farm purchasing some 200 ewe lambs annually. Serological investigations and production records suggested a more substantial problem with most of the ewe lambs seroconverting during their first pregnancy, many while still at grass and receiving no supplementary food. ...

Two homosexual men were initially seen with polymyositis as the only manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) retrovirus infection. They developed AIDS-related complex a few weeks later and typical AIDS two to six months after onset of muscle weakness. By use of anti-human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III antiserum ...

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic shows no sign of waning. Recent calculations suggest that several hundred thousand asymptomatic people may have been infected with the putative AIDS agent, HTLV-III/LAV. This review includes an analysis of immunologic data, means of preventing transmission of the syndrome, and a discussion of the ...

A patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cryptococcal arthritis occurring in the setting of disseminated cryptococcosis is described. The literature of cryptococcal arthritis is reviewed and the association of this unusual infection with AIDS is discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first reported association between AIDS and ...

To determine the risk of transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) to close but nonsexual contacts of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we studied the nonsexual household contacts of patients with AIDS or the AIDS-related complex with oral candidiasis. Detailed interviews, physical examinations, and ...

This report describes a 28-year-old woman with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with culture-proven disseminated Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection. The histopathologic and cytologic features in this case were unique in that these organisms that stained positively with the Ziehl-Neelsen and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains were numerous, present intracellularly within ...

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an often fatal disease caused by a retrovirus frequently resulting in malignancy and/or opportunistic infection. Because the immune deficiency in AIDS is similar to that in some purine enzyme deficiencies, we measured erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities in patients with AIDS, ...

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become a major public health problem with over 12,000 cases and 6,000 deaths reported to date. Although there has been an explosion of knowledge in the virology, immunology and pathology of AIDS, relatively little has been written on the neuropsychiatric aspects. This report reviews ...

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by a selective suppression of the immune system that renders patients susceptible to infection by a variety of opportunistic organisms. Among these is Mycobacterium avium intracellulare. AIDS victims often have oral manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma and candidiasis. This article reports an unusual ...

Lymph nodes of patients symptomatically infected with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus show a spectrum of morphologic changes ranging from marked lymphoid hyperplasia to marked lymphocytic depletion. These changes can be grouped into three distinct patterns. The type I pattern features follicular and paracortical hyperplasia, and is associated with ...

Thirty-seven percent (15/41) of patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) disease (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] or AIDS-related complex) sequentially evaluated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, acquired this infection from a partner(s) of the opposite sex. Demographic features of these 15 patients (ten males and ...

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has reached epidemic proportions in the USA and the incidence of this potentially fatal viral infection is increasing rapidly in Australia. The loss of normal cellular immunity in affected individuals predisposes them to severe opportunistic infections and neoplasms, especially Kaposi's sarcoma. Both of these ...

AIDS is a new disease process with complications and management problems unlike anything ever seen before. An attempt has been made to summarize the available information about its various clinical presentations and how to manage them. Subjects covered will include associated malignancies, infections, transmissibility, prodromal states, and infection control issues.

Immune complex assays (and other immunologic tests) were performed on sera from 162 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 275 AIDS-related subjects. Immune complexes were detected in 89% of AIDS patients and 93% of homosexual men with lymphadenopathy. Immune complex levels in AIDS patients were not associated with ...

Approximately 1% of all AIDS cases are haemophiliacs. LAV/HTLV-III is transmitted by blood and in factor VIII concentrates. Since 1981, increasing numbers of haemophiliacs have been infected, as indicated by detection of antibodies to LAV/HTLV-III. Up to 90% of haemophiliacs in some populations are now seropositive, but to date less ...

The level of antibody to AIDS-associated virus (LAV) in sera from patients with AIDS or AIDS related diseases (AIDS related complex; ARC) and Japanese hemophiliacs was studied using indirect immunofluorescence. Titer of anti-LAV antibody in sera from 89 patients with AIDS or ARC ranged between 10 and 40,960 (median: 1,280) ...

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a new disease which has recently alerted the medical world. AIDS may also concern dental practitioners and oral surgeons who may be the first to suspect impairment of immunity in patients presenting opportunistic oral infections. Extraordinary resistance to treatment of dental infections, such as ...

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) occurs as a result of a defect in cell mediated immunity with a comparatively normal humoral immunity. Originally diagnosed in four distinct groups, AIDS is now recognized in six high-risk groups. Many theories of etiology exist; the most accepted etiologic agent is the Human T-lymphotropic ...

Eight Haitian immigrants (five with acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS] and three with the signs and symptoms of AIDS but without opportunistic infections or malignant diseases) are described. All had malaise, weight loss, fever and generalized lymphadenopathy. All five of those with opportunistic infections died from the infections, which were ...

Acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) of macaques, an animal model for human AIDS, was transmitted to previously healthy macaque monkeys by means of inoculation of either tissue or a cell-free filtrate of a macaque lymphoma. The recipients showed evidence of profound lymphocyte dysfunction or died with infections from such opportunistic agents ...

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, is a new illness that occurs in previously healthy individuals. It is characterized by immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections and unusual malignant diseases. Life-threatening single or multiple infections with viruses, mycobacteria, fungi or protozoa are common. A rare neoplasm, Kaposi's sarcoma, has developed in approximately one third ...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University, 2003.

To become full and active participants in today's technologically saturated society, young people need to become creators (and not just consumers) of interactive media. Developing the requisite abilities and capacities is not a wholly individual process; it is important for young people to have access to communities where they can ...

Cortisone produces a significant enhancement of infection with MEF1 and Lansing strains of poliomyelitis virus in the Syrian hamster. The enhancement manifests itself in increased severity of symptoms, shortening of the incubation period, marked reduction in survival time and a high mortality rate. The effect of cortisone is protracted, the ...