Computer-based systems as assistive aids for expressive communication have become increasingly sophisticated. One such system, which provides great flexibility in the specification of an operational configuration and which is highly user-oriented in its design, is discussed here. In particular, attention is directed towards the relationship between the physical signals which ...

The present paper is a reply to the comments of Odor (1988) and Aitken (1988) on the present authors' study concerning a computer-aided programme for low-functioning persons (Lancioni & Oliva, 1988). The research problem and the objectives of the study will be restated first. Subsequently, a series of issues on ...

The initial accident and emergency and final in-patient diagnoses of 200 patients with acute abdominal pain made without computer aid or structured data sheet were compared. Sixty-five per cent were correctly diagnosed and 5% had normal laparotomies. These results compare favourably with those obtained using computer aid and structured history-taking ...

A 3 year old boy who had acquired HIV infection transplacentally developed the classical features of AIDS encephalopathy, spastic diplegia and expressive aphasia. His computed tomogram showed cerebral atrophy. Treatment with zidovudine and weekly infusions of gammaglobulin led to considerable clinical improvement and an almost normal computed tomogram nine weeks ...

The effects of xylazine (an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) and acepromazine (an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist) on bronchomotor tone were investigated in seven anaesthetised, apnoeic ponies using a computer aided forced oscillation technique, which separates changes in bronchial calibre from changes in lung volume. Both agents produced bronchodilatation and a decrease in lung ...

The present study was aimed at developing a computer-aided programme for promoting performance of unsupervized activities with two multihandicapped adolescents. Simple household and occupational tasks already familiar to the subjects were selected as activities. Both subjects discriminated the pictorial representations of those activities. In order to control for the effects ...

The developments and considerations essential to providing microtechnological aids for a preschool severely disabled child confined to a bed in a hospital ward are described. This single case report illustrates the needs of a quadriplegic boy dependent on a ventilator via a tracheostomy. Provision of a computer, a variety of ...

In recent years there has been a veritable avalanche of information about AMT - advanced manufacturing technology - and, latterly, CIM - computer-integrated manufacturing. But what do these terms mean, and have the associated technologies been entirely successful? The opening section of this paper seeks to answer the first question ...

A number of relatively low-cost processors are now available which employ architectural features previously found only on very expensive supercomputers. The speed of these computers makes it possible to reduce the time to solution of certain problems and to resolve large problems that previously were too time consuming to perform ...

A computerized examination, including traditional multiple-choice questions and interactive, patient-physician simulations (CBX), was used to assess the clinical problem-solving skills of first-year residents. Results did not provide evidence of a relationship between residents' MCQ or CBX performance measures and levels of computer experience or computer anxiety.

The advent of information technology and computers in medicine two decades ago posed a new set of ethical problems. In recent years, these problems have been compounded by the increasing use of computers for supporting clinical decisions as well as administration and record keeping. This presentation considers some of the ...

Starting with the A B C B A multilayer design of Thelen, a computer-aided method is presented to replace the three-material by a two-material design. The method, which utilizes an optimized equivalent layer design, is illustrated by the two commonly used coating materials SiO(2) and TiO(2).

The problem of determining the intensity of light scattering by an ensemble of particles of arbitrary shape and structure is considered. It consists of reducing the estimate of intensity across the particles' ensemble to the problem of scattering by a randomly shaped particle. This model makes it possible to effect ...

We describe a method in which computer-aided analysis has been applied to oesophageal manometry, and address some of the major problems which were encountered. The elimination of pressure artefacts caused by respiration and normal cardiac function is necessary in order to define accurately the parameters required from the analysis. The ...

Computer-aided underground mining machine sequencing

The effects of problem size on judgments of commutativity by 51 moderately and mildly mentally retarded students were investigated. The task required subjects to judge whether commuted addition problems (e.g., 5 + 2 and 2 + 5) and noncommuted problems (e.g., 5 + 3 and 5 + 0) would have ...

The nature of the available computing tools strongly influences modern scientific investigations. The sources of well known problems associated with the use of procedural computer languages are traced and their consequences investigated. The likely impact of recent quantitative and qualitative advances in software and hardware is examined with emphasis on ...

Progress in genetic engineering has increased the need for, while advances in computational hardware have removed barriers impeding, the development of appropriate computational tools to assist in the understanding of molecular interactions. Advancements both in techniques and in broadening application have been clearly demonstrated. Further development requires progress in the ...

This study served as a pilot to develop the methodology for a larger number of clinical trials. Ten trans-tibial amputees compared sockets made by conventional methods with sockets made using computer aided socket design (CASD). Prosthetists, paired for experience, fitted each subject with one prosthesis using each method. A preferred ...

The Committee on Computer Science and Practice Management of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has provided an excellent format to ensure a happy relationship between the vendor and the orthopaedic office using this package. Problems in communication and understanding between the vendor and the orthopaedic surgeon will undoubtedly be ...

One of the basic limitations for the development and use of more sophisticated pacemakers is the difficulty to provide adequate instrumentation and methodology for the follow-up in the clinical environment. To address this problem, the NASPE (North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology) Computer Committee has developed an interface standard ...

Ideally, searches for published articles to solve clinical problems should lead to the best evidence on a given topic quickly and at reasonable expense. This goal can be achieved with modern information skills, sources, and services. In this article, we describe and compare various means, from textbooks to computers, that ...

Stanford, California. On 29 July through 2 August, a group of computer scientists, mathematical physicists, and mathematicians met at Stanford University for a conference on Mathematics and Computers. It was a varied meeting-the talks ranged from the mathematics of chaos to a talk by the peripatetic Hungarian mathematician Paul Erdos ...

Through telecommunications the computer can create a breadth of personal communication, dialogue, and interaction that has never before been possible. Participants may actively contribute, may simply listen in, and may be selective in terms of both their interests and their schedules. Any personal computer equipped with a device to communicate ...

With the aid of CASE, the Computer Automated Structure Evaluation system, a new artificial intelligence procedure to study structure-activity relationships and a data base consisting of 233 monocyclic nitroarenes, it is predicted that 5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,4-pentadienal will be mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium but that the activity will be very low.

For 10 years computerization in industry has advanced at a rapid pace. A problem which has not received attention is that of people with reading and writing difficulties who experience severe problems when they have to communicate with a computer monitor screen. These individuals are often embarrassed by their difficulties ...

The method of lines is a numerical technique particularly suited to the solution of parabolic partial differential equations, which has been the subject of much research in recent years, and which has been incorporated into a number of readily available computer library packages. The method has been applied to a ...

Reported herein are results of computer simulations of aided sound spectra in ears with normal and pathologic eardrum impedance. The computer technique used in this study has been reported elsewhere [D. P. Egolf, D. R. Tree, and L. L. Feth, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 264-271 (1978)]. Consequently, to develop ...

The earliest and still most prevalent use of computers in the humanities is the compilation of concordances, rationalized vocabulary lists for literary works. The residue of these efforts has created the potential for extensive databases of natural-language text for a wide range of studies and for instruction. As yet, however, ...

Shape sensing is useful in the computer aided prosthetic fitting process for two purposes. 1. To input characteristic prosthetic shapes that have been developed over the years through the experience of prosthetists. 2. To provide an accurate and rapid measurement of the anatomical shape of the stump. This paper describes ...

Combinatorial problems posed by a method for computer-assisted structural interpretation of 13C NMR spectra based upon fragments consisting of a carbon atom and its alpha neighbors are discussed. The basic problem of generating all structures consistent with a set of inferred fragments that contains mutually exclusive alternatives is divided into ...

Biological systems frequently need to solve many computationally hard decision and optimization problems. The solution of these problems by digital computers as presently understood requires exponentially large energy dissipation. This severely restricts the ability of digital computers to attack such problems. We shall show that only polynomial dissipation is required ...

The object of this paper has been to outline and to assist others in eliminating the obstacles of which we are all aware in any busy radiography department. From experience the value of team work from the porters to the radiologists cannot be over-emphasized. Any weak link in the chain ...

This paper describes a portable computer-aided communication device designed for a 13-year-old child with athetoid cerebral palsy. The device was intended to provide vocal output, hard-copy, correctable display, word storage capabilities, and utilize currently available technology. The design incorporated the Epson HX-20 computer, the Votrax Type 'N Talk speech synthesizer, ...

Current technological trends in the automotive industry reflect many diverse disciplines. Electronics and microprocessors, new engine transmission concepts, composite and ceramic materials, and computer-aided design and manufacture will combine to make possible the creation of advanced automobiles offering outstanding quality, fuel economy, and performance. A projected "average" vehicle of the ...

The age of information so frequently described and anticipated in "gee-whiz" language has a darker side. As recent newspaper stories and other media attention show, unauthorized tampering with computer data banks and computer programs is on the rise. And the problem will grow worse with the proliferation of microcomputers, word ...

One aim of this study was to obtain more insight into the distribution of the various underlying diseases and the symptomatology patients with acute abdominal pain in Deventer. Since an extensive study in Leeds had demonstrated that the uncertainty regarding the diagnosis of the cause of an acute abdomen could ...

The paper describes, with examples taken from the mining industry, the role of ergonomics in providing design aids for designers. The examples cover: (a) The provision of ergonomics design guidelines for families of machines; (b) The use of subjective assessment by expert panels to evaluate alternative solutions to development proposals; ...

The most ambitious simulation approach to computer-aided diagnosis is probably that of CADUCEUS. A review of its strategies may be expected to reveal some, at least, of the strengths and weaknesses of this approach, as well as to turn up problems of interest to the philosopher of science concerned with ...

The acceptance or rejection of computer aids to clinical reasoning is determined not only by the preferences and prejudices of potential users, but also by whether the output generated by the computer aid represents sound clinical judgment. This paper deals with the issue of the appropriate criteria for evaluating the ...

An on-line computer system for measuring the deformation of a diffuse object with a speckle interferometer is presented. Methods for evaluating a speckle interferogram using digital image processing techniques are also discussed. The system consists of an interferometric optical setup and a computer-TV image processing facility. A speckle interferogram is ...

On the one hand considerable advances are being made in the computer-aided calculation of polypeptide structure and behaviour, while on the other even very simple reasoning has lead to some apparent successes in the design and synthesis of biologically active peptides. While this looks extremely promising, there is a case ...

As the degree of judged hoarseness increases, the noise component appears to a greater degree and replaces the harmonic structure in the spectrogram. The relationship between these two components has been quantified as the harmonics to noise (H/N) ratio. The computation is straightforward; 50 consecutive pitch periods of a sustained ...

Eight parameters of cranial computed tomograms were examined from 121 controls, 33 patients suffering from paleocerebellar atrophy and 53 with widespread cerebellar atrophy. With the aid of step-by-step linear discriminant analysis the most important parameters were found and their normal and limiting values were calculated. With the help of correlation ...

Computers are now widely used in product design and in automation of selected areas in factories. Within the next decade, the use of computers in the entire spectrum of manufacturing applications, from computer-aided design to computer-aided manufacturing and robotics, is expected to be practical and economically justified. Such widespread use ...

This work presents data from detailed, computer-aided analysis of pertinent electrographic characteristics of well-defined EEG spikes and sharp waves. The data show morphological differences between spikes obtained from different subjects, spikes from different electrode montages, as well as between monophasic and biphasic spikes, and between spikes and sharp waves.

"Demographic anthropology has given rise to methodological advances in the analysis of single community populations. However, the obstacles of small data bases and incomplete vital-event registration remain. This paper details one approach to these problems; the principles of community demography are incorporated with computer simulation methodology, with the goals of ...

Computer technology is already assuming an important role in the management of orthodontic practices. The next 10 years are likely to see expansion in computer usage into the areas of diagnosis, treatment planning, and treatment-record keeping. In the areas of diagnosis and treatment planning, one of the first problems to ...

The difficulty of the medical diagnostic task and the advantages of the computer as an aid in this task are discussed. The general strategy and structure of any computer-aided system is presented, and the relationship of diagnostic accuracy to key variables involved in the development, test and use of a ...

A prototypic problem in screening of electroencephalograms in the automatic classification of stationary electroencephalogram time series is treated here by the Kullback-Leibler nearest neighbor rule approach. In that problem, the category or state of an individual is classified by comparison of his or her electroencephalogram with those taken from other ...