A subroutine called DESOL for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations of the type arising in biological simulation problems is described. DESOL is about as efficient as current high quality integrators, but because of its compactness it can be easily used on small computers. The subroutine has excellent stability ...

The control of depth of anaesthesia has been viewed as a control-system problem the solution of which can involve both feedback and feedforward techniques. The nature of the problem in Clover's day and the solutions he found have been examined. A similar analysis has been made in respect of the ...

The inverse problem of evaluating epicardial potentials from a knowledge of heart and torso geometry as well as body surface potentials is here formulated as a problem in control theory. As is well known, such an inverse problem is ill-posed and a regularization technique has been devised to overrun this ...

Computer-aided teaching is of a growing importance in ophthalmology. The following problems are particularly reviewed: sequential, ramified and tutorial teaching, exercises in simulation and the checking of knowledge. Most of the technical obstacles have now been resolved. The aim of this paper is to overcome some psychological obstacles due to ...

In five previous papers, the concept of the Cumulative Radiation Effect (CRE) has been presented as a scale of accumulative sub-tolerance radiation damage. The biological effect generated in normal connective tissue by fractionated or continuous radiation therapy given in any temporal arrangement is described by the CRE on a unified ...

The increasing complexity of biological problems and the increase of mathematical means to handle them on the one hand, and the possibility of automatized computation at the other, necessitate a revaluation of the present interactions between biology and mathematics; in this connection interrelations occur which can be divided into three ...

The number of pre-registration house posts allocated by the London Hospital rapidly increased in 1973. This made solution by hand of the allocation problem time consuming and complex. The Operational Research Unit was approahced and a computer aided scheme was designed which was subsequently adopted. Various alternative allocation methods are ...

A traditional radiological evaluation of five lung diseases and their computer-aided diagnosis with Bayes' approach, were based on the plain chest film. Parameters of diagnostic performance for 12 radiologists, who made 1224 diagnoses by each method, were compared. Under the conditions of this study the use of a computer-aided method ...

Computer-aided sterotactic neurosurgery can be improved and simplified by using craniocerebral parameters for the calculation of subcortical target points and avoiding an air-filling of the ventricles. This was achieved by selecting 403 pneumo-encephalographic studies at random, measuring the craniocerebral parameters according to age and sex. There is a correlation between ...

The paper reports a survey of interactive computer usage by designers, engineers, economists and other specialists in several industrial organisations. Sixty-nine of these specialists were interviewed about both hardware interface problems, eg, keyboard layout, and software interface problems, eg, how system organisation affects the way the specialist tackles his work. ...

For 6 months details of every patient who had his or her urine sent to a laboratory for bacteriological examination and the result of such examination were entered on a computer-card. A total of 15,606 cards were completed with information in code recording the sex and age of a patient, ...

This paper describes a system of computer-aided diagnosis using an English Electric KDF9 computer linked to a terminal in a busy clinical department. Data from a series of patients were recorded, coded, and entered into the computer, which then performed a Bayesian analysis and displayed diagnostic probabilities in an adaptable ...

Inverse protein folding concerns the identification of an amino acid sequence that folds to a given structure. Sequence design problems attempt to avoid the apparant difficulty of inverse protein folding by defining an energy that can be minimized to find protein-like sequences. We evaluate the practical relevance of two sequence ...

Behavioral Assessment information, a more general form of Problem- Oriented Record data, appears to have many useful clinical qualities and was selected to be the information content for a computer interview system. This interview system was designed to assess problematic behaviors of psychiatric patients. The computer interview covered 29 life ...

Computer-aided quantitative analysis of chest radiographs is a useful tool in describing alterations in lung shape that occur in patients with emphysema. In the present study, the analysis was limited to the lateral chest radiograph, but we expect that the use of the postero-anterior view may further improve the rate ...

The travelling salesman problem is a classical problem in the field of combinatorial optimization, concerned with efficient methods for maximizing or minimizing a function of many independent variables. Given the positions of N cities, which in the simplest case lie in the plane, what is the shortest closed tour in ...

Twenty-one people involved in AIDS counselling or nurse education on AIDS were interviewed using a semi-structured process involving key questions. The interviews were transcribed directly onto a lap-top computer, then entered into a free-form database computer program for analysis. The findings, although non-generalisable, indicate that counselling is seen as a ...