The present study assessed the effectiveness of a localized community contest timed to coincide with a statewide smoking cessation contest. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 218 local contest participants and 198 participants from the statewide contest. Overall cessation impact (participation rate x abstinence) was 0.39 percent for the local contest ...

In this issue, we evaluate conventional patient lifts that operate by hand cranking, hand pumping, or battery-powered motors and are intended for use in the home or in institutions. We did not evaluate lifts that are designed to be used solely in bathrooms or vehicles or those that permanently affix ...

To discover why parasuicides who resolved their difficulties repeated self-harm within three-month follow-up at the same rate as those who had not resolved problems, a group of 30 repeaters was compared with 156 non-repeaters. The repeaters had a history of more frequent episodes, beginning younger. Their problems were more severe, ...

The present study investigated the perception of sweetness of aspartame in comparison to various concentrations of sucrose. Twenty-seven subjects were randomly assigned to taste a chilled or room temperature Kool-Aid beverage sweetened with either aspartame or five different concentrations of sucrose. Subjects assessed the perceived similarity in sweetness of an ...

To estimate the rate of underreporting of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) to the Federal Centre for AIDS (FCA), in 1988 the initials, date of birth and place of residence of 66 patients with AIDS known to the Toronto Sexual Contact Study (TSCS), 65 patients with AIDS known to the ...

Impaired control occupies a focal position in the medical model perspective of pathological gambling and is central to the concept of addictive processes generally. Nonetheless there have been few studies on self-control in gambling behaviour. A questionnaire was developed to measure subjectively assessed self-control in poker machine players. This Self-Control ...

Hospital discharge rates vary substantially among 60 communities in Michigan. (R2 = 90 percent and R2 = 85 percent of the systematic variance is explained by community effects for nonsurgical and surgical discharges, respectively.) The ranking of communities by discharge rates is stable over a five-year period (Spearman rho = ...

Psychophysical methods were applied to measure and analyze attitudes toward the threat and control of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Participants rated and gave magnitude estimations for the amount of social restriction in 12 possibilities for controlling AIDS. The relation between ratings and magnitude estimations was curvilinear, meaning that the ...

This study examines the frequency of spontaneous abortions in pregnancies achieved by artificial inseminations with donor semen (AID), with special respect to the use of cryopreserved semen and ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate. The abortion rate was found to be similar in AID series using frozen semen to those using ...

A problem which lies in the path of implementing policies designed to address the adverse effects of gambling is the lack of data on the size and composition of the compulsive gambler group. There is a pressing need, therefore, to develop a data base on gambling participation and its consequences. ...

The search for metastases to the lung parenchyma and other intrathoracic structures is a commonly encountered problem. The radiographic appearance of intrathoracic metastases is varied, and multiple imaging modalities may aid in their detection. Knowledge of relative frequency, growth rates, and mechanisms of spread may guide the sequence of radiographic ...

A study of the effects of communal latrines on diarrhoeal incidence and parasite prevalence rates was conducted in 1983 at Tongi, which had five communal Oxfam latrines with a manual flushing system for 924 people; and at Kalsi, which had 39 open fit latrines for 823 people. Inhabitants' stool samples ...

Interference indexes are used as criterion measures in a significant proportion of time-sharing paradigms in order to control for the initial discrepancy between left- and right-handed tapping rates. Problems associated with these indexes include low reliability, low statistical power, and especially correlations with baseline tapping rates. An analysis of covariance ...

The tendency of animals suckled in different litters to grow at different rates is already known to be a serious problem for experimental design in developmental biology. However, the contribution made by avoidable technical practices, such as failure to standardise litter size, to this litter effect is not clear from ...

A case is presented that demonstrates a confusing problem of ventricular undersensing in the DDI pacing mode. Electrocardiographic monitoring of the patient after pacemaker implantation revealed intermittent ventricular channel outputs which appeared to be inappropriate. These occurred a period of time after the intrinsic R wave, equal to the programmed ...

Can the decline in autopsy rates be reversed by solving logistical problems that impede or deter permissions and arrangements? The authors report an increase in the autopsy rate at their institution after a Decedent Affairs Office was established. Furthermore, the time between death and autopsy has been greatly narrowed, thus ...

Matched groups of problem and social gamblers were compared in terms of their locus of control and their responses to the Myers Briggs Type Indicator. Contrary to previous studies no significant differences occurred on the locus of control measure. It was hypothesized that problem gamblers would be more extraverted and ...

Traditionally, gamblers whose repeated losses have resulted in serious financial, psychological, and social problems have been labeled "compulsive." The prevailing "illness model" of compulsive gambling was developed by clinicians from the reports of those seeking treatment to stop gambling. However, researchers working in natural gambling settings generally have disavowed a ...

A total of 5,007 Kuwaitis were ascertained to study the incidence of consanguineous marriages during 1983. The rate of consanguineous mating was found to be 54.3% with estimated population incidence rates 52.9 to 55.7%. First cousin marriages were the most frequent type. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.0219 which could ...

A survey of multiple sclerosis was made in the western part of Poland, with special attention being paid to the distribution of the disease in various administrative subunits. The prevalence of MS for the 35 counties (mean 45.08 per 100,000 for definite and possible cases taken together) revealed significant differences ...

In 108 open-entry full marathons held in Great Britain in 1983 (35 incorporating shorter races) the number of static first-aid posts varied from 0 to 28 (median 9). In 54 (50%) the first of these was within 3 miles of the start but in 11 (10%) there were none in ...

Inkbraille, a reduced size ink-image version of the familiar braille code, was conceived in an attempt to sidestep the major disadvantages of embossed braille, while retaining the unsurpassed reading rates achieved by the blind using that code. Inkbraille would ultimately be translated by a specially designed hand-held electronic device with ...

"The author discusses the distinctive demographic trends among Soviet Moslems, whose numbers are projected to rise from 44 million in 1979 to 64 million in the year 2000. This group is distinguished by high rates of natural increase, little mobility and low rates of linguistic assimilation. The rapid population growth ...

Age-standardized comparisons of mortality rates from four causes in 14 Aboriginal reserves and communities in Queensland were examined. The 14 reserves were allocated to two groups within 10 socioenvironmental variables. The findings point to an association between Queensland government Aboriginal policy, the administration of reserves, and the consequent mortality rates ...

Repeatability of number of lambs born using the life-time records on 263 crossbred ewes produced in 1971 and 1972 were estimated by the intraclass correlation method and by the regression of subsequent lamb production on number of lambs born alive at the first and second lambings. The ewes were of ...

The effects of season and breed of sire on estrous activity and ovulation rate were estimated in 50 mature ewes, 10 each sired by North Country Cheviot, Dorset, Finnsheep, Romney and Suffolk rams and born from Suffolk dams. Estrus was checked with vasectomized rams from July 1979 through December 1980. ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mental health outpatients' attributions of the causes of their psychological problems are associated with their treatment expectations. Results indicated that higher ratings for internal causation of problems were associated with longer perceived duration of problems, higher ratings of problem severity, and ...

Evidence is reviewed that forms the basis for prevention and treatment of stuttering as a problem of motor speech coordination. Simplification of phonatory complexity and retardation of phone rate have been demonstrated experimentally to virtually eliminate stuttering. These invariant relationships are used in rate control and breath stream management procedures ...

A cross-organizational longitudinal survey was undertaken of state-operated residential facilities to gauge the extent to which technician-level work forces are affected by turnover and absenteeism. Twelve facilities participated in this study for a period of 9 months. Monthly turnover rates ranged from .6 to 4.9 percent, with a average of ...

Crude rates of opium addiction were determined in 1972-1974 in ten communities of Laos, representing eight different ethnic groups and three provinces. In six rural communities, data were obtained by a house-to-house survey, and in four urban communities by opium den registration. Communities raising opium poppy as a cash crop ...

Calculated the correlations between the severity ratings for 27 psychosocial problems and global impairment ratings of daily functioning for 109 men and 206 women admitted to the outpatient services of a community mental health center. Controlling for sex and total number of problems rated, a stepwise regression analysis indicated that ...

This participant observation study of the first Gamblers Anonymous group in Israel is designed to show (1) the ways in which the group helps it members rehabilitate themselves, (2) the three stages through which they must go in order to ensure success, and (3) the reason why some participants fail ...

Two patients with Omni-Stanicor pulse generators presented an apparent sensing problem characterized by intermittent reversion to fixed-rate pacing only during atrial fibrillation with a very rapid ventricular rate. Every fixed-rate cycle contained two unsensed beats. The first unsensed beat fell in the noise sampling period (the last 1/6 of the ...

A series of 41 cases of trichiasis was treated with cryosurgery using a standard retinal cryoprobe. The failure rate was approximately 50 per cent. The results should be improved by using properly designed equipment capable of cooling the lash follicles to -20 degrees C, and ensuring that this temperature is ...

This is a review of 172 couples presenting with psychosexual problems. Ninety-four per cent of couples treated showed improvement after a mean time of 2.1 hours with the doctor. Older patients and those with longstanding problems showed lower rates of improvement. It is suggested that if such problems are treated ...

A procedure for Individual Problem Rating (IPR) in the evaluation of community mental health and other types of service programs is presented. The instrument is based on client reports of problems, and its uses problem severity and relative importance as criteria for rating. The issues of client self-rating, variation in ...

The rate of change of all aspects of the life of mankind on this planet is accelerating at an ever-increasing pace. It is stated that this upheaval is directly attributable to technological changes and their interaction with social, economic and political changes. The hypothesis is advanced that this dramatically increasing ...

Most of the 5423 entrants in the Melbourne 1980 Big M Marathon were non-elite athletes. A study of a stratified random sample of 459 entrants (which represented a 42% response rate) found that, while entrants reflected the community standards of disease, they pursued healthier lifestyles. Preparation for the marathon led ...

The results of two public opinion surveys, conducted in July, 1982, and in April, 1983, are compared. The comparison shows that knowledge about in-vitro fertilization and related issues is becoming more widespread in the community. The rate of approval to this procedure is also increasing, particularly in the subgroup of ...