While the communication of empathy is thought to be a curative factor in psychotherapy, current conceptualizations usually focus on empathy as only an attitude or state of mind of the therapist. A five-stage model of therapeutic empathic communication is presented. The model is applied to analyzing the therapeutic impact of ...

The destructive potential of Pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with AIDS has been amply documented. This report describes a homosexual man with P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) complicated by pneumatocoeles and pneumomediastinum. The pneumomediastinum almost completely resolved with successful antimicrobial therapy. Pneumomediastinum, like pneumothorax, should be anticipated in patients with AIDS ...

This Colombian Decree sets forth procedures to be followed with respect to the distribution of uncultivated land belonging to the State. It distinguishes between the distribution of land already occupied and exploited and land that is unexploited. In order to be eligible to acquire the land in the first category, ...

Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is a frequent pulmonary complication in the child with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We report the gallium scan findings in two children with AIDS and LIP. Gallium scintigraphy in both children demonstrated increased radionuclide concentration throughout the lungs, ...

The Arbours Centre is a small psychodynamically oriented therapeutic community which accommodates three live-in psychotherapists and up to five 'guests' at any one time. This paper describes the 'stages of stay' which guests and therapists pass through during the course of an intervention at the Centre, and discusses their interactions ...

We reviewed the initial and follow-up chest roentgenograms (CXR) of 104 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) diagnosed between 1981 and 1985 in order to determine the relative frequencies of its various roentgenographic patterns. Although a diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrate is most common, ...

In summary, the therapy of acne has to be individualized according to the nature of the lesions. Noninflammatory acne requires a different therapeutic approach from that for inflammatory acne, and even among those with inflammatory acne, there can be a difference in the therapeutic approach, depending upon the extent of ...

Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is a recognized but infrequent accompaniment of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A patient with AIDS, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and disseminated coccidioidomycosis occurring outside of an endemic area is described. Fungal infection presented atypically with progressive thoracic adenopathy and the development of cold soft tissue abscesses. As ...

Materials gathered from a participant observation study of two therapeutic communities for disturbed adolescents were used to highlight the respective problems of two contrasting approaches to therapy. Whereas one community pursued the principles of programming and instrumental intervention, the other community's approach centred on minimal supervision and reality confrontation; the ...

An event in a therapeutic community is examined from the perspectives of the structuralism of Durkheim and the functionalism of psychoanalysis. Although these two approaches might appear theoretically contradictory, analysis of the evidence shows them to be clinically complementary. The role of social structure in therapeutic communities requires deliberate conceptualization ...

Many therapeutic recreation professionals are employed in community centers (e.g., boarding homes, nursing homes, sheltered workshops). Recently, community centers have become vulnerable to litigious action through negligence lawsuits. The trends toward substantive immunity and least restrictive environment have fueled such law-suits. This article addresses the reasons behind litigious action in ...

Through the reflective process of analyzing one's own feelings and reactions to the ethnic minority patient, the white therapist develops an inner clarity that serves as a resource to cope with the unique conflicts one must confront in interracial practice. Only when the therapist has come to some resolution of ...

Therapeutic relationship has been considered an important ingredient of all psychotherapies. In communities in which no familiar conventions of such a relationship are available, the therapeutic encounter poses very different problems from those in the West, where such conventions freely prevail. This study has been carried out by five therapists ...

A 26-year-old male homosexual initially presented with Listeria monocytogenes sepsis and a small cell carcinoma of the rectum. His subsequent course included esophageal candidiasis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and severe T-lymphocyte abnormalities on immunologic testing, consistent with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This represents the first case of AIDS associated with ...

HL-A antigens were determined in Haida and Bella Coola native Indians, two communities known to have a high prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis. Tests were conducted on those with x-ray evidence of sacroiliitis and on a sample of the community at large. Sacroiliitis was found to prevail in approximately 10% of ...

The therapeutic community is a widely used method for treating people with difficulties in their interpersonal relationships. The process by which the residents of this type of treatment center grow personally and interpersonally is described. Methods for assessing the manner in which the residents of therapeutic communities change are also ...

A 34-year-old woman presented with an unusual and unfortunate combination of complications to a phenothiazine drug. Rhythmic protrusion of her tongue was not a problem until it became trapped outside of her oral cavity by spasm of the muscles of mastication. Massive edema with questionable viability of her tongue ensued. ...

The study of the psychotherapeutic process presents special problems to clinicians and clinician investigators. In the absence of supportive, working relationships between the therapist, patient and investigator, important data about therapeutic transactions cannot be obtained. In addition, we are lacking methodologies for isolating the significant therapeutic factors which explain variations ...

The authors tried to assess whether differentiating aspects of the treatment ideology of two therapeutic communities (psychoanalytic-psychotherapeutic and orthopedagogical were realised in the actual psychosocial milieux of the communities. Hypotheses were constructed about the differences in treatment ideology between the two communities, on the results on the Ward Atmosphere Scale ...

The problems of residents working intensively with borderline inpatients in a general hospital psychiatric unit area described. The resident feels pressure because of inexperience with intensive psychotherapy, and the high visibility of working in a closely supervised team setting. The border line patient baffles the resident with his defensive activity ...

The term "therapeutic community" has been used to describe a vast array of milieu therapy techniques; thus the term has come to mean different things to different people. The author defines the therapeutic community through an examination of its historical roots in the British military hospitals of World War II ...

In a prospective study we examined lateral radiographs of the knee joint before and after flexion exercises, in 300 consecutive arthrograms. We use the following definitions: (a) a popliteal or Baker's cyst is a clinical diagnosis and implicates a palpable popliteal mass, mostly in adults; (b) a communicating bursa is ...

This review discusses the classification of generalized, hereditary forms of ichthyosis. The present state of knowledge of the mode of inheritance for the different forms of ichthyosis is briefly discussed in relation to genetic counselling. The different therapeutic principles are touched upon as well as other measures aimed at helping ...

The experiences of a community-based American methadone clinic and a Dutch residential Therapeutic Community are described. Both programs, which provided comprehensive psychotherapeutic services for a diverse subpopulation of heroin addicts who lived in different cultures independently, discovered that character disordered individuals respond positively to the structured environment and confrontation group ...

Lumbar thecoperitoneal shunting was carried out in patients with communicating hydrocephalus due to long-standing tuberculous meningitis. At the time of this surgical procedure, the filum terminale was excised to achieve filum terminostomy. The central canal of the excised filum terminale in seven hydrocephalic children and an equal number from control ...

This paper presents a specific defense mechanisms that leads not only to the stagnation of the analysis but also makes it difficult to terminate analysis. The predominance of what I call "expiation" demands continual punishment of the self and of internal objects in contrast with reparation. It is essential for ...

A committee of staff and patients conducted an informal evaluation of a therapeutic community on a 16-bed psychiatric unit. The committee reviewed the history, original intent, current purpose, and effectiveness of meetings held on the unit; when problems were identified, suggestions for change were formulated. The evaluation served to increase ...

In community psychiatry, just as in dynamic psychotherapy, aiming too high may be just as ineffective as setting too minimal goals. In this article, causes and effects of maximalistic and minimalistic attitudes in therapists, community workers and their patients are discussed. The optimum principle and the optimal preventive and therapeutic ...

It would seem on the surface that psychotherapeutic approaches as different as psychoanalysis and behavioral therapy have little in common. In fact, they seem to be similar in terms of expectation of help, nonconfirming experiences, informational learning, changes in self-concept, reinforcement/influence, paradox, and problem solving. Therapists who work with clients ...

Preadolescent and adolescent hydrocarbon inhalation is a significant mental and physical health problem among low socioeconomic communities, particularly those with large concentrations of Mexican-Americans. For a variety of reasons to be discussed in this paper, those most in need of help are least likely to obtain it. The therapeutic approach ...

Painful though it may be, it must be accepted as fact that psychotherapy has a lower success rate than it should. Whatever questions we therapists raise about the validity of research in psychotherapy, whatever the problems in defining success, whatever the arguments about therapeutic outcome studies, we are stuck with ...

To obtain an operational description of the therapeutic community, the authors reviewed recent literature and composed a 40-item questionnaire describing aspects of the therapeutic community. The questionnaire was mailed to authors of recently published articles or books on the subject, 27 of whom responded with ratings of the degree to ...

Concepts derived from the paradigm of the therapeutic community have provided the main organizing principles for general inpatient psychiatry in the past 20 years. Increasingly, however, scientific studies have thrown doubt on the efficacy of current hospital practices. Changes in the broader social milieu have occurred as well since the ...

The author believes that rapid hospital turnover of psychiatric patients and heavy reliance on psychotropic drugs often interfere with recovery, especially for many psychotic patients who need a retreat where they might be helped to heal themselves. He describes the origins and operation of a Jungian-oriented therapeutic community for schizophrenic ...

Even within a unique setting with high-powered and board-spectrum therapeutic tools, acute agitation can pose a serious problem. In this communication we review the cases of five schizophrenic adolescents whose agitation created a threat to themselves and the therapeutic community. The institute tried a variety of psychotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic approaches ...

This paper describes a 4-year-old boy whose presenting problem was anxiety. The treatment used is of particular interest because of the graphic exposition of the development of the therapeutic alliance, the immediacy of the Oedipal issues, and the usefulness of child's drawings as a therapeutic medium. The phases of therapy ...

HL-A antigens were determined in Haida and Bella Coola native Indians, two communities known to have a high prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis. Tests were conducted on those with x-ray evidence of sacro-iliitis and on a sample of the community at large. Sacro-iliitis was found to prevail in approximately 10 per ...

The paper takes a look at the special opportunities which present themselves to patient and psychotherapist in the initial interview. Citing two case examples, the paper suggests that it is possible to have a therapeutic impact and to reach sufficient closure during a single interview with certain types of clinical ...

Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were responsible for 63, 10, and 11 percent, respectively, of 158 coliform organisms recovered from mastitis cases in 8 California herds. The severity and nature of the coliform mastitis problem were found to vary greatly among herds but were characteristic for each of ...

The therapeutic community should be defined as an environment which is enabling but not directive. The staff need to become aware of their therapeutic as well as anti-therapeutic potential. Conflict should be overt rather than covert. That society now sees the delinquent as 'sick' is two-edged: Abdication of responsibility is ...