Aims:  To examine associations of abstention, alcohol consumption and problem drinking with subsequent disability pensioning (DP), and whether previous excessive consumption ("sick-quitting") could explain some of the increased risk for DP among abstainers. Design:  Prospective population-based study. Setting and participants:  Data were from two waves of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study ...

While increasing attention has been paid in recent years to studying the impact of parental death from AIDS on children, we know little about how a sibling's death from AIDS affects children. In this qualitative descriptive study, 11 in-depth interviews were conducted by trained social workers with adolescents who had ...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms and problems in hospitalized hematological cancer patients. A cross-sectional design was carried out with 105 respondents in Ampang hospital in Kuala Lumpur. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality Of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was ...

This narrative exposes a critical communication lesson through a true account. In describing empathy and sympathy, it ushers readers on a brief journey where one vital exchange goes awry. A lesson emerges for clinical staff and patients communicating in sensitive circumstances. Empathy and sympathy both express feelings but differ in ...

Community-based interventions are a promising approach and an important component of a comprehensive response to obesity. In this paper we describe the Collaboration of COmmunity-based Obesity Prevention Sites (CO-OPS Collaboration) in Australia as an example of a collaborative network to enhance the quality and quantity of obesity prevention action at ...

In many societies the prevalence of behavioural problems in school-aged children varies by national origin. We examined the association between national origin and behavioural problems in 1½-year-old children. Data on maternal national origin and the Child Behavior Checklist for toddlers (n = 4943) from a population-based cohort in the Netherlands ...

Nucleic acid cytidine deaminases of the activation-induced deaminase (AID)/APOBEC family are critical players in active and innate immune responses, playing roles as target-directed, purposeful mutators. AID specifically deaminates the host immunoglobulin (Ig) locus to evolve antibody specificity, whereas its close relative, APOBEC3G (A3G), lethally mutates the genomes of retroviral pathogens ...

Primary care physicians have an important role in identifying, treating, and referring children with psychosocial problems. However, there is a limited literature describing whether and how family physicians address psychosocial problems and why parents may not discuss children's problems with physicians. The current study examined how family physicians address psychosocial ...

The problem of detecting all effective and superior combinations in a factorial drug efficacy trial is stated in terms of two hypothesis families, full and reduced. The reduced problem formulation allows identification of all simultaneously effective and superior combinations. The full formulation allows individual detection of the efficacy and superiority ...

A new bacterial xylanase belonging to family 5 of glycosyl hydrolases was identified and characterized. The xylanase, Xyn5B from Bacillus sp. strain BP-7, was active on neutral, nonsubstituted xylooligosaccharides, showing a clear difference from other GH5 xylanases characterized to date that show a requirement for methyl-glucuronic acid side chains for ...

This research examines relations among parental intimate partner violence (IPV), preschoolers' narrative coherence about family conflict situations, and preschoolers' externalizing problems. Participants were 57 mothers and their 4- to 5-year-old children. Mothers provided data on IPV and children's externalizing problems. Narrative coherence was coded from children's play narratives in response ...

Accounts of community reaction to persons with HIV/AIDS and their families typically focus only on negative reactions stemming from stigmatization with little acknowledgement of variation over time and across settings. To usefully guide local interventions, a broader view is needed that also encompasses attitudes and actions stemming from sympathy and ...

Family-centred services in the context of HIV/AIDS acknowledge a broad view of a "family system" and ideally include comprehensive treatment and care, community agencies and coordinated case management. The importance of family-centred care for children affected by HIV/AIDS has been recognized for some time. There is a clear confluence of ...

Enzymes of the AID/APOBEC family, characterized by the targeted deamination of cytosine to generate uracil within DNA, mediate numerous critical immune responses. One family member, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), selectively introduces uracil into antibody variable and switch regions, promoting antibody diversity through somatic hypermutation or class switching. Other family members, ...

Recent studies have indicated that the support of close relatives is fundamental in coping with HIV/AIDS and in accessing the emotional and material support necessary for sustained adherence to treatment. Because disclosure to family members is imperative to ensure their support, identifying tools or resources that can minimize the possible ...

Using growth curve modeling, trajectories of undercontrolled (oppositional, irritable, inattentive and overactive behaviors) and internalizing (worried, sad and fearful) problems from 18 months to 4.5 years were studied in a population based sample of 921 Norwegian children. At the population level, undercontrolled problems decreased and internalizing problems increased with increasing ...

Shortly after the discovery of chemosynthetic ecosystems at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, similar ecosystems were found at cold seeps in the Gulf of Mexico. Over the past two decades, these sites have become model systems for understanding the physiology of the symbiont-containing megafauna and the ecology of seep communities worldwide. Symbiont-containing ...

We study the problem of transforming a multichromosomal genome into another using Double-Cut-and-Join (DCJ) operations. We introduce the notion of DCJ scenario that does not break families of common intervals (groups of genes co-localized in both genomes). Such scenarios are called perfect, and generalize the notion of perfect reversal scenarios. ...

As HIV/AIDS imposes an overwhelming pressure on the capacity of an already overburdened health care system in many African countries, families have increasingly been noted to supplement hospital care services for patients with AIDS. The aim of the present study is to generate knowledge on the experiences of family caregivers ...

The number of people accessing the Internet for sexual purposes (cybersex) has increased dramatically over the last 10 years. However, little research has been conducted to determine how frequently clients present for treatment with cybersex-related issues. One hundred sixty-four clinical members of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy ...

OBJECTIVES: To test the effectiveness of the CHAMP among black South Africans in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. METHODS: A randomized control trial was conducted in KwaDedangendlale, South Africa, among youths (ages 9-13) and their families (245 intervention families rearing 281 children and 233 control families rearing 298 children). The CHAMPSA intervention ...

Adolescents with ADHD frequently argue with their parents about a variety of issues, especially when they also have Oppositional Defiant Disorder or Conduct Disorder. Family interventions have proven effective for ameliorating such conflicts in two independent investigations. After a comprehensive assessment including family interviews and self-report inventories, the therapist first ...

The AIDS pandemic has created an estimated 15 million orphans who may face elevated risk of poor health and social outcomes. This paper compares orphans and non-orphans regarding educational status and delay using data collected in three low-income communities affected by AIDS in Tanzania and Burkina Faso. Orphans were significantly ...

BACKGROUND: Health services for the elderly are becoming increasingly important in industrialized nations, and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is one of the procedures designed to improve the health of this sector of the population. In 2003 a survey among Belgian geriatricians showed that despite the interest of the geriatric teams ...

The external morphology of 2 closely related mite families, Cloacaridae and Epimyodicidae (Acari: Prostigmata), comprising highly specialized endoparasites of vertebrates, is analyzed. These mites exhibit strong regression of many structures ancestrally present in other Prostigmata as a consequence of their endoparasitic mode of life. The relationships of these 2 families ...

Over multiple generations, American Indian communities have endured a succession of traumatic events that have enduring consequences for community members. This article presents a multilevel framework for exploring the impact of historically traumatic events on individuals, families, and communities. The critical connection between historically traumatic events and contemporary stressors is ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the opinions of individuals with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) and their parents regarding the use of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). STUDY DESIGN: A validated questionnaire, including hypothetical clinical scenarios about ERT for MPS, was distributed to members of MPS support groups in the United States and Australia. RESULTS: The ...

The International Dyslexia Association defines dyslexia as unexpected problems of neurobiological origin in accuracy and rate of oral reading of single real words, single pseudowords, or text or of written spelling. However, prior research has focused more on the reading than the spelling problems of students with dyslexia. A test ...

A newborn infant with ambiguous genitalia is a complex enough problem to unravel without any further clouding by confusing terms. The nomenclature 'intersex', 'hermaphrodite' and 'pseudohermaphrodite' is anachronistic, unhelpful, and perceived to be pejorative by some affected families. In its place, a consensus statement recommends the term 'disorder of sex ...

Several ways in which the SUMO and ubiquitin pathways can intersect and communicate have recently been discovered. This review discusses the principles of crosstalk between SUMOylation and ubiquitination, focusing on the RNF4 family of RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligases, which specifically recognize SUMOylated proteins via their SUMO moiety for ubiquitination.

This paper considers a case of sexual abuse allegedly perpetrated by a rabbi within an Orthodox Jewish community. The material is drawn from public records and interviews conducted with the family of the reported victim and others involved in the matter. Consideration is given to judicial procedures unique to the ...

The current volume is comprised of five narratives representing the diverse spectrum of lives and careers in community psychology. The contributors to this book are exemplars of practitioners, activists, and researchers who have dedicated their careers to disseminating principles of community psychology. These community psychologists include Anne Mulvey, John Morgan, ...

Having a baby can bring money problems that can put a strain on the family budget and cause difficulties in a couple's relationship. Health professionals, especially those working in the community, often encounter families with money worries who may confide these during a home or clinic visit. This article provides ...

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading cause of childhood disability. This article reviews common presentations of CP and its possible causes. The management of common problems seen in affected children is discussed in a system-based approach. Many treatment options are available for CP, with varying degrees of evidence and acceptance. ...

A field study was conducted over 2 yr to determine the effects of transgenic sweet corn containing a gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on the diversity and abundance of nontarget arthropods. The Bt hybrid (expressing Cry1Ab endotoxin for lepidopteran control) was compared with near-isogenic non-Bt and Bt hybrids ...

Chemical investigation on the organic extract of the gorgonian coral Ellisella robusta furnished two 11,20-epoxybriaranes 1 and 2. The structures of briaranes 1 and 2 were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The natural products of this type (11,20-epoxybriarane) were found to be a chemical marker for the gorgonian ...

The morphology and infraciliature of two soil haptorid ciliates, Clavoplites haranti sp. n. and Enchelys terrenum (Foissner, 1984) comb. n., collected from Malé Karpaty Mts. and Biele Karpaty Mts. (Slovakia), were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation. Clavoplites haranti is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters ...

Most literature on support vector machines (SVMs) concentrates on the dual optimization problem. In this letter, we point out that the primal problem can also be solved efficiently for both linear and nonlinear SVMs and that there is no reason for ignoring this possibility. On the contrary, from the primal ...

This article reports the findings from a qualitative research study carried out in four areas in western Uganda. Opinions about AIDS-related stigma were elucidated from four focus group discussions with health volunteers of a home-based care program for HIV/AIDS and from 16 in-depth interviews with family caregivers of AIDS patients. ...

Because of the multiple stigma attached to HIV/AIDS, disclosure of HIV-positive serostatus is a considerable social risk for those who disclose. While HIV/AIDS-related stigma affects all HIV-positive people, for people from minority cultures additional cultural factors may play a significant role in self-disclosure. This paper draws on data from semi-structured, ...

OBJECTIVE: The study tested an intervention exposing people who planned to donate organs to written information about communicating with family their intention to donate organs. DESIGN: A pretest posttest double-blind experiment compared participants given written information about communicating with family and basic organ donation information, with participants given written information ...

The family Mustelidae, which consists of Mustelinae, Lutrinae, Melinae, and Taxidiinae, is the largest family among Carnivora and is a highly diverse group. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have clarified the phylogenetic relations among Mustelidae, but there remain several unresolved problems, particularly concerning the deep branchings. Whereas many studies support the ...

Data from the Evidence-based Treatment Survey were used to compare providers serving families in American Indian and Alaska Native communities to their counterparts in non-American Indian/Alaska Native communities on provider characteristics and factors that influence their decision to use evidence-based practices (N = 467). The findings suggest that providers affiliated ...

Because of poverty, many girls and young women throughout Egypt neglect their education in order to marry early, help in the fields, gain immediate employment, or carry out domestic labor to meet family needs. In Egypt, the Academy for Educational Development's Community YouthMapping (CYM) has been structured to provide a ...

This qualitative study examined the interactional communication strategies used by law enforcement officers during a hostage-taking incident at a high school. The research involved analysis of the negotiation conversation between police crisis (hostage) negotiators and a hostage taker who entered his former high school to take revenge on a teacher. ...

The activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)/apolipoprotein B RNA-editing catalytic component (APOBEC) family is a vertebrate-restricted subgrouping of a superfamily of zinc (Zn)-dependent deaminases that has members distributed throughout the biological world. AID and APOBEC2 are the oldest family members with APOBEC1 and the APOBEC3s being later arrivals restricted to placental mammals. ...

Even though the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) has been ratified more quickly and by more governments than any other human rights instrument, the basic principles of the CRC are being repeatedly violated in the response to HIV/AIDS. In this article, based on a presentation at a ...

It has long been thought that degeneracy in unfolding only concerned non-metric unfolding. Recently, Busing, Groenen, and Heiser have established that degeneracy occurs for all transformations that include estimation of an intercept and a slope. Consequently, degeneracy also plagues metric unfolding, since one member of the metric transformation family, the ...

Interleukin (IL)-1 family members are key players in inflammatory processes but have been the subject of few studies of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To better evaluate the impact of the IL-1 family on AIDS development, we genotyped the IL1 alpha , IL1 beta , IL1Ra, and IL1R1 genes in 245 ...

A survey of 388 Indonesian households displaced by the December 2004 tsunami was conducted in Aceh province in February 2005. Of tsunami-displaced households in Aceh Barat and Nagan Raya districts, 61.8 per cent reported one or more family members as dead or missing due to the tsunami, with an overall ...