Background: There is a need to generate data from India on relative frequencies of specific opportunistic infections (OIs) in different regions and their relation to the choice of commonly used generic highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) regimens. Objectives: To document the prevailing prevalence pattern of OIs both before and after ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in periodontal tissue when it is used as an adjuvant treatment for periodontitis. PDT has been used as an adjuvant in the combat of local infections, such as periodontitis, and combines a photosensitizer (PS) with ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Two studies were conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of imidacloprid + moxidectin and selamectin topical solutions against the KS1 flea strain infesting cats. In both studies the treatment groups were comprised of non-treated controls, 6% w/v selamectin (Revolution(R); Pfizer Animal Health) topical solution and 10% w/v ...

BACKGROUND: Prevention of surgical site infections is critical in deep brain stimulation (DBS). In the present study, we tested the ability of a self-administered preoperative alcohol-based (70% ethyl alcohol) preparation to reduce the rate of postoperative infection after DBS surgery. METHODS: This Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective review was conducted at ...

As part of a comprehensive approach to decreasing Clostridium difficile in our health authority, an evaluation of the in-use performance of 2 brands of bedpan decontaminators (BPDs) in 2 acute care facilities was performed. A continuous quality improvement approach consisting of 5 BPD audits and 4 intervention phases was used ...

To investigate matrix-specifity of probiotic effects and particularly of the reduction of antibiotics-associated diarrhea, a controlled, randomized, double-blind study was performed, in which 88 Helicobacter pylori-infected but otherwise healthy subjects were given for eight weeks either a) a probiotic fruit yoghurt "mild" containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 plus Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, ...

Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is often administered intravenously, despite an increased morbidity rate compared with oral application. This study investigates whether a postoperative oral antibiotic regimen is as effective as incorporation of intravenous antibiotics after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. 42 patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery between December 2008 and May 2010 ...

BACKGROUND:: Up to 20% of people initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub- Saharan Africa die during the first year of treatment. Understanding the clinical conditions associated with mortality could potentially lead to effective interventions to prevent these deaths. METHODS:: We examined data from participants aged ≥18 years in the Home-Based ...

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy of a novel catheter with a trefoil profile to decrease urothelial irritation and delay catheter associated urinary tract infections by comparing it with a conventional catheter in the rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A novel catheter was made of medical silicone with a trefoil profile ...

Case Description-A 12-month-old castrated male Boxer was examined because of signs of acute, progressive intracranial disease. Clinical Findings-Cytologic and histologic findings were consistent with an intracranial fungal granuloma in the right cerebral hemisphere. Fungal culture yielded a Cladophialophora sp. Treatment and Outcome-The granuloma was surgically debulked to remove infected brain ...

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of intravitreal moxifloxacin with or without dexamethasone on experimental Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis. Methods: The right eyes of 21 New Zealand albino rabbits weighing 2-3 kg were used in this study. Each eye was inoculated with 1×10(6) colony-forming units of B. cereus microorganisms via intravitreal ...

SUMMARYWe screened tuberculosis (TB) contacts as an outbreak investigation with tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). We evaluated adverse events and TB incidence in all persons screened after rifampicin (RFP) prophylaxis, and specifically assessed the new TB cases in relation to initial TST and IGRA results. The ...

The antibiotic treatment rate of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is low, and long-term administration can result in adverse events and bacterial resistance. For these reasons, a new preventive modality, which can replace traditional antibiotic therapy, is required. To evaluate the preventive effect of selenium on CBP, the pre-treatments were divided ...

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common cause of urogenital infection and is implicated in genesis of male infertility. In this in vitro study, the influence of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-Qinglishengjing pills on spermatozoa infected in vitro with E. coli was studied. Semen samples were prepared by standard technique ...

Perioperative hyperglycemia impairs immunity and contributes to increased susceptibility to infection, higher incidence of multiorgan dysfunction, and greater mortality. Strict glycemic control is associated with lower infection rates, decreased length of stay (LOS), and faster recovery. A protocol that standardized preoperative education, testing, and treatment of elevated blood glucose (BG) ...

The application of a final irrigating solution that remains active over a fairly long period of time stands as one strategy for preventing bacterial recolonization or eliminating the bacteria that persist after root canal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual antimicrobial activity of four final ...

Central line associated blood stream infections (CLABIs) are associated with an increase in length of stay, morbidity, hospital costs, and mortality. In 2009, CLABIs were on the increase at Covenant Healthcare's 55 bed Level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Prior to this practice initiative, there were no standardized central ...

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective of this study was to determine if prophylactic antibiotic use before midurethral sling procedures reduces infectious complications. METHODS: In this double-blinded randomized trial, we compared infectious complications between women who received cefazolin and placebo before midurethral sling procedures. RESULTS: The study was halted due to ...

Four laboratory studies were conducted to demonstrate that a single topical dose of a novel spot-on combination containing fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene (CERTIFECT™, Merial Limited, GA, USA) is efficacious against the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. In each study, 6-8 male and 6-8 female purpose-bred, laboratory mongrels, terrier cross or ...

Five laboratory studies were conducted to confirm that a single topical dose of the novel combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene, CERTIFECT™ (Merial Limited, GA, USA), is efficacious for the rapid control of pre-existing infestations and the prevention of new infestations with Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor variabilis, Amblyomma americanum and Amblyomma ...

A novel combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene (CERTIFECT™, Merial Limited, GA, USA) was evaluated for the prevention of attachment of ticks and its ability to cause detachment of ticks. For the two prevention of attachment studies, 20 purpose-bred beagles were allocated each to two equal groups based on pretreatment ...

To evaluate the effect of preoperative intravitreal injection of bevacizumab on surgery and on the early postoperative course in diabetic patients undergoing vitrectomy for dense vitreous hemorrhage. Thirty-five patients with dense diabetic vitreous hemorrhage were randomly assigned to a group that received 1.25 mg of intravitreal bevacizumab 1 week before ...

Bacterial infection of the pin tract represents the most common complication associated with external fixation. This study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing xerogel films applied to commercially pure titanium pins in a rat model. Pins were coated with xerogel solution through a dip-coating procedure. ...

Informed consent is a critical component of all surgical procedures, but patients' understanding and recall of the potential risks/benefits is poor. We hypothesized that utilization of multiple standardized education modalities in the informed consent process would allow for better retention and a more informed patient. A total of 151 patients ...

PURPOSE:: To evaluate the clinical and microbiological profiles of pediatric patients with ocular surface infections requiring corneal or conjunctival scraping for diagnosis. METHODS:: The medical records of 138 consecutive patients aged 18 years or younger who had undergone corneal or conjunctival scraping over a 5-year-period in a tertiary ophthalmic center ...

Abstract Purpose: To report a case of necrotizing nocardial scleritis treated with surgical debridement and topical polyvinyl alcohol iodine (PAI) and antibiotics. Case: A 78-year-old man underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in the left eye. He had an uncomplicated postoperative course for 2 months but then developed infectious scleritis. ...

Prospective randomised controlled study. Operation unit in a tertiary academic university hospital in a central European city. Period of the study was springtime and summer 2010. Twenty-four anaesthesiologists with various levels of professional experience were allocated to intubate an airway manikin either with the SensaScope (group S) or with the ...

Various clinical and biomechanical studies suggest certain acetabular positions may be associated with higher wear and failure rates in modern metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasties. However, there are no widely available, reliable, and cost-effective surgical techniques that ensure surgeons are able to place an acetabular component within the safe range of ...

To investigate anesthesia recovery and hemodynamic status in patients under thiopental infusion or halothane maintenance anesthesia undergoing ocular surgery. Fifty-nine voluntary patients undergoing ocular surgery in Farabi hospital were allocated to one of two maintenance anesthesia groups: inhaled halothane, 0.8 to 1 per cent, (group I, n=37) and thiopental infusion, ...

To evaluate different approaches performed to obtain a more significant esophageal length. An experimental model using 28 cadavers was conceived. Randomized groups: Group A (n=10) underwent laparotomic transhiatal approach; Group B (n=9) which differed from the first in the conduction of a wide phrenotomy and Group C (n=9) esophageal dissection ...

Various methods have been described for tonsillectomy. Convincing evidence in the literature is still lacking regarding the optimal method of performing this surgical procedure. To investigate the outcome of bipolar scissors tonsillectomy and compare it to bipolar diathermy forceps tonsillectomy. A prospective study of 91 patients was done at Cairo ...

Objective: The extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar may result in periodontal complications on the distal surface of the adjacent second molar. The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of three full-thickness flaps on the periodontal healing of the adjacent second molar after extraction of impacted ...

Objective. To evaluate the effect of oral hygiene with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Design. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting. Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at a tertiary care hospital. Patients. One hundred sixty children undergoing surgery for congenital heart ...

HYPOTHESIS: Deep infection after shoulder surgery is a rare but devastating problem. This study tested the hypothesis that the home application of a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate cloth before shoulder surgery would be more efficacious than a standard shower of soap and water at decreasing the preoperative cutaneous levels of pathogenic ...

BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study was to compare short-term results and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent intraoperative colonic lavage (IOCL) with primary anastomosis with those who had stent placement prior to scheduled surgery for obstructive left-sided colonic cancer (OLCC). METHODS: We conducted a prospective, controlled, randomized study ...

PURPOSE: Thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) alone or combined with general anesthesia (TEA-GA) has been assumed to improve early postoperative outcome in cardiac surgery. The aim of our study was to investigate data of early and late postoperative outcome results of awake TEA patients undergoing cardiac surgery with comparison to patients ...

PURPOSE: To assess corneal edema after torsional phacoemulsification using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and Scheimpflug photography (Pentacam). METHODS: Seventy-six eyes with cataract surgery were randomized into 2 groups: a 2.2 mm micro-coaxial incision group (n = 37) and a 2.8 mm standard incision group (n = 39). Patients were examined preoperatively and at 1 day, ...

PURPOSE: To verify the advantages of trabeculotomy combined with phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation and sinusotomy (PTOS) in eyes with exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) and a coexisting cataract. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-six eyes of 62 Japanese XFG patients that received either PTOS, phacotrabeculectomy (PTE) or MMC trabeculectomy (LEC) were followed for up ...

Objective: To evaluate the urodynamic parameters, development of bladder function and complications of clean intermittent self-catheterization (CIC) in Chinese schoolchildren with neurogenic underactive bladder. Methods: Ninety-three children with neurogenic underactive bladder were successfully treated with CIC or combined with oxybutynin for two years follow-up. According to bladder compliance before CIC, ...

BACKGROUND: Elective laparoscopic sigmoid resection for diverticulitis has proven short-term benefits, but little data are available from prospective randomized trials regarding long-term outcome, quality of life, and functional results. METHODS: Of 113 patients randomized to undergo laparoscopic (LAP) versus open (OP) sigmoid resection for diverticulitis, 105 (93%, LAP = 54, OP = 51) patients ...

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated measures to prevent small bowel injuries induced by aspirin. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of probiotic treatment on the small bowel injuries induced by chronic low-dose aspirin use. METHODS: Thirty-five patients who took low-dose enteric-coated aspirin 100 mg daily (for more than 3 months) plus ...

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common adverse effect of intrathecal morphine, especially after Cesarean section. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of intrathecal administration of a small-dose of atropine on postoperative nausea and vomiting after Cesarean section. METHODS: Parturients with ASA physical status class I-II scheduled ...

Perioperative complications from carotid endarterectomy (CEA) are the main drawbacks of the procedure. The aim of this study was to assess the complication rates in patients undergoing CEA under general anesthesia (GA) or regional anesthesia (local anesthesia [LA]) at our institution. Patients undergoing CEA at our regional vascular unit between ...

BACKGROUND: In early postoperative rehabilitation after THA, it is essential to clarify some factors related to future ambulation ability. The aim of this study was to examine whether it is possible to predict ambulation ability for patients with THA at 6 months postoperatively. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 123 ...

INTRODUCTION: Vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty have shown to improve pain and functional outcome in cases with symptomatic vertebral fractures. Although restoration of the vertebral body height and kyphosis seemed to be easier with balloon kyphoplasty, it became clear that some of the correction achieved by the balloon is lost once ...

Researchers have suggested that antibiotics could cure acute appendicitis. We assessed the efficacy of amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid by comparison with emergency appendicectomy for treatment of patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis. In this open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial, adult patients (aged 18-68 years) with uncomplicated acute appendicitis, as assessed by CT ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphology of pedicle in thoracic and lumbar spine in scoliosis associated with Chiari malformation/Syringomyelia-comparison with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients of Lenke type 1 AIS and 21 patients of scoliosis associated with Chiari malformation/Syringomyelia with the similar curve type to Lenke 1 ...

Background:  Chelating therapy in transfusion-dependent patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) is mandatory to reduce the toxic effect of iron on the myocardium. Aim:  To evaluate the impact of low and high dose of oral chelating therapy (deferasirox) on pulsed and tissue echocardiographic indices in patients with β-TM. Methods:  This interventional ...

PUPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of the cornea and intraocular pressure (IOP) between patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and age-matched controls. In this prospective study, 30 healthy individuals (control group) and 30 patients with SLE (study group) underwent Reichert ocular response analyzer ...

PURPOSE:: To determine whether combined intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and triamcinolone (IVT) is more effective than IVB alone in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS:: This was a prospective, randomized clinical trial performed at two centers. Eligible eyes were assigned randomly to one of the two study arms. In the IVB group, ...