AIM: Anxiety is an important perioperative issue, especially in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Intraoperative noise is potentially harmful to staff and patients and hinders continuous sedation. The primary goal was to test the hypothesis that patients wearing single-use paraffin wax earplugs while undergoing spinal anesthesia in an extremely noisy environment ...

We enrolled 114 patients, aged 65-83 years, undergoing elective surgery (duration > 2h) into a randomised, controlled study to evaluate the performance of bispectral index and spectral entropy for monitoring depth of xenon versus propofol anaesthesia. In the propofol group, bispectral index and state entropy values were comparable. In the ...

INTRODUCTION: Difficult airway management in children is challenging. One alternative device to the gold standard of direct laryngoscopy is the STORZ Bonfils fiberscope (Karl Storz Endoscopy, Tuttlingen, Germany), a rigid fiberoptic stylette-like scope with a curved tip. Although results in adults have been encouraging, reports regarding its use in children ...

AIM: The most recommended technique for the management of patients with a difficult airway is fiberoptic intubation (FOI). The aim of this study was to compare propofol and sevoflurane for FOI performance in patients who were difficult to intubate. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients scheduled for maxillo-facial surgery were included in this ...

The most recommended technique for the management of patients with a difficult airway is fiberoptic intubation (FOI). The aim of this study was to compare propofol and sevoflurane for FOI performance in patients who were difficult to intubate. Seventy-eight patients scheduled for maxillo-facial surgery were included in this prospective, randomized ...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) under 2 different anesthetic regimens: propofol vs isoflurane anesthesia. We retrospectively analyzed the hemodynamic data of 25 (n = 25) patients who underwent OLT during the last year (2008). All patients ...

BACKGROUND: The Airway Scope (AWS) (Pentax-AWS, Hoya Corp., Tokyo, Japan) and the Airtraq (ATQ) (Prodol, Vizcaya, Spain) have similarities in the novel structures of their blades. In this study, we evaluated the ease of use of the AWS and ATQ compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope (ML) by inexperienced personnel in ...

BACKGROUND: Nearly every anesthetic agent has been used for craniotomy, yet the choice between intravenous or volatile agents has been considered an area of significant debate in neuroanesthesia. We designed a Randomized Clinical Trial to test the hypothesis that inhalation anesthesia (sevoflurane/remifentanil--group S) reduces emergence time by 5 minutes compared ...

This study investigates the effect of suxamethonium vs rocuronium on the onset of haemoglobin desaturation during apnoea, following rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Anaesthesia was induced with lidocaine 1.5 mg.kg(-1), fentanyl 2 microg.kg(-1) and propofol 2 mg.kg(-1), followed by either ...

BACKGROUND: Children undergoing cardiac catheterization usually need general anesthesia or deep sedation. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the effects of propofol/dexmedetomidine and propofol/ketamine combinations on recovery time and hemodynamic parameters in pediatric patients undergoing transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. METHODS: This was a prospective randomized study. Pediatric ...

Objective To compare recovery from sedation using remifentanil and propofol with our standard regimen of morphine and midazolam for closed reduction in shoulder dislocation in an ED. Methods We randomised 40 patients for closed shoulder reduction to receive either remifentanil and propofol (R&P) (20 patients) or morphine and midazolam (M&M) ...

Surgical Stress Index has been proposed for assessment of surgical stress and analgesia. It is a numeric index based on the normalised pulse beat interval and photoplethysmographic pulse wave amplitude. We determined the effect-site concentration of remifentanil for attenuation of Surgical Stress Index responses to intubation of the trachea. Thirty ...

BACKGROUND: Sore throat is a common complication after surgery. Postoperative cough and hoarseness can also be distressing to patients. We sought to determine the effect of an inhaler steroid on sore throat, cough, and hoarseness during the first 24 hours of the postoperative period. METHODS: We enrolled 120 women with ...

BACKGROUND: Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) delivered at a concentration <50% is accepted as a minimal sedation drug by both the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the American Academy of Pediatrics. The expected level of sedation at an N(2)O concentration >50% is less clear. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review for ...

This study compared the Airway scope (AWS) to the Macintosh laryngoscope (ML) during chest compressions on a fresh cadaver. This was a prospective crossover study. The participants who had experiences with AWS were excluded. The participants intubated with randomly assigned AWS or ML on a fresh cadaver during chest compressions. ...

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of propofol vs propofol-ketamine combination for sedation during pediatric spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Forty children, aged 3-8 undergoing spinal anesthesia for lower abdominal surgeries were included. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 received propofol bolus of 2 ...

Safety rules continue growing rapidly, as if constraining human behaviour was the unique avenue for reaching ultimate safety. Safety rules are essential for a safe system, but their multiplication can have counterproductive effects. To monitor, in an anaesthesia ward, compliance with a process-oriented safety rule, and understand barriers and facilitators ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the isoflurane sparing effect and the post-surgical analgesia provided by a brachial plexus block (BPB) in cats undergoing distal thoracic limb surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized blinded clinical study. ANIMALS: Twenty client-owned cats. METHODS: Cats were assigned to receive either no BPB (group NB) or a nerve ...

This randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was designed to assess the effect of intravenous clonidine and magnesium sulphate on intraoperative haemodynamics, anaesthetic consumption and postoperative recovery. Seventy five patients undergoing elective upper limb orthopaedic surgery were randomised into three groups. Group C received clonidine 3 mug/kg as a bolus before induction ...

Spinal anesthesia and intrathecal clonidine are known to have hypnotic effects. We investigated the effect of spinal anesthesia and intrathecal clonidine on the requirement of propofol for sedation. Sixty adult patients scheduled for stripping and ligation of varicose veins under local or spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Group ...

ProSeal(TM) Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA) for children had been introduced in 2004, by Dr. Archie Brain. It has, in addition to Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway (CLMA), a drainage tube for providing a bypass channel for gastric contents to prevent regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration. A randomized prospective study was performed comprising ...

BACKGROUND: We sought to determine whether online use of a beat-by-beat cardiovascular index, CARDEAN (Alpha-2, Lyon, France), modifies the incidence of patient movement during colonoscopy under anesthesia. METHODS: Monitoring included an electrocardiogram, oscillometric and noninvasive beat-by-beat arterial blood pressure, O2 saturation, bispectral index (BIS), and CARDEAN. CARDEAN consists of beat-by-beat ...

Postanesthesia bradycardia or asystole before electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) occurs very infrequently but is a potentially fatal complication of pre-ECT anesthesia. The optimal strategy for the prevention of its recurrence is unclear because the use of premedication with atropine may not always be successful. In this article, we present the case ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In total intravenous anaesthesia, two different application modes for propofol are widely used: infusion by means of manually controlled infusion pumps, and infusion by means of microprocessor-controlled infusion pumps operating according to pharmacokinetic algorithms (target controlled infusion, TCI). The parallel use of these two methods in our ...

To evaluate the usefulness of Bonfils intubation fiberscope assisted by direct laryngoscopy (BIF-DL) and flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope assisted by direct laryngoscopy (FOB-DL) using video recording in cases of unanticipated difficult intubation with respect to the time required to visualize the vocal cords and place the endotracheal tube. We compared two ...

This study explored whether patients' preference for particular types of anaesthesia could be influenced pre-operatively by giving them the addresses of various relevant websites. Patients at an orthopaedic pre-assessment education clinic completed a questionnaire, which included a short multiple-choice general knowledge quiz about anaesthesia, and also questioned them as to ...

The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after thyroidectomy and the association of Propofol versus Sevoflurane use for anesthesia maintenance were investigated during a randomized, prospective study. One hundred and ninety-eight patients underwent thyroidectomy receiving either Sevoflurane (0.5-1.3% end-tidal) or Propofol (50-200 mg/kg/min) for anesthesia maintenance. All patients received ...

PURPOSE: Our intention was to assess the effectiveness of preoperative oral melatonin medication on sedation, sleep quality, and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing elective prostatectomy. METHODS: Fifty-two ASA I-II patients undergoing elective prostatectomy were included in this study, randomly divided into two groups. Patients received an oral placebo (n = ...

The authors have reported that carbon dioxide (CO(2)) insufflation is safe and effective for lengthy endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with the patient under conscious sedation. However, CO(2) monitoring has not been assessed to clarify whether partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO(2)) increases during this type of long procedure. This study ...

PURPOSE: In our study, desflurane was hypothesized to reduce blood loss more than sevoflurane, both used with targeted mild controlled hypotension. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 20 American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I patients undergoing maxillofacial elective surgery for maxillary and mandibular osteotomies were randomized to a desflurane group ...

PURPOSE: We hypothesized that optimal laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion conditions might be achieved with topical lidocaine and a smaller dose of propofol. In this study, insertion conditions after topical lidocaine 40 mg followed by propofol 2 mg.kg(-1) were compared with propofol 2 mg.kg(-1) or propofol 3 mg.kg(-1) alone. METHODS: ...

BACKGROUND: Amyl-m-cresol (Strepsils®) has been successfully used in the prophylaxis and treatment of oral inflammations, but its effects on postintubation sore throat and hoarseness are unknown. We conducted this study to evaluate the effects of Strepsils in reducing postintubation sore throat and hoarseness. METHODS: One hundred fifty patients, ASA physical ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The use of sedation (e. g., of short-acting propofol) for gastrointestinal endoscopy has shown an upward trend in the United States and Europe over the last decade. This survey aimed at providing nationwide data on the current practice of endoscopic sedation and monitoring in Germany. METHODS: A ...

PURPOSE: Appropriate treatment of generalized convulsive refractory status epilepticus (RSE) requires general anesthesia in the intensive care unit (ICU) with continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring. During out of office hours and weekends, cEEG monitoring is not always available. The Bispectral Index (BIS) monitor can be used to assess the hypnotic component ...

BACKGROUND: Succinylcholine is a popular muscle relaxant and one of its most common side effects is muscle fasciculation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of remifentanil in preventing succinylcholine-induced fasciculation in patients undergoing general anesthesia. METHODS: In aprospective, double blind study, 60 ASA I & II ...

CONTEXT: Motoneuron-pool facilitation after cryotherapy may be mediated by stimulation of thermoreceptors surrounding a joint. It is unknown whether menthol counterirritants, which also stimulate thermoreceptors, have the same effect on motoneuron-pool excitability (MNPE). OBJECTIVE: To compare quadriceps MNPE after a menthol-counterirritant application to the anterior knee, a sham counterirritant application, ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to compare two methods of LMA insertion, "classic" versus "simplified" (AIRWAY), due to factors such as: time to insertion, number of attempts, blood stained LMA, air leak around LMA, and gastric inflation. The word "AIR WAY" refers to the similarity of this method ...

BACKGROUND: Provision of preoperative information can alleviate patients' anxiety. However, the ideal method of delivering this information is unknown. Video information has been shown to reduce patients' anxiety, although little is known regarding the effect of preoperative multimedia information on anxiety in patients undergoing regional anaesthesia. METHODS: We randomized 110 ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the addition of intracameral lidocaine to topical anaesthesia during cataract surgery leads to a decrease in the administration of intraoperative midazolam and fentanyl. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: The eyes of 124 patients undergoing phacoemulsification were included in the study, with 62 in the intracameral group ...

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of propofol and ketamine as anesthetics on renal injury in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UO). METHODS: Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups of six rabbits each. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with ...

The aim of this study was to compare the anesthetic outcomes of elderly and younger patients perioperatively, and to evaluate the safety of this procedure in elderly. A total of 25 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery were enrolled in this study prospectively. Ten patients were more than or equal ...

BACKGROUND: It is well known that carbon dioxide (CO(2)) is absorbed faster in the body than air and also that it is rapidly excreted through respiration. This study aimed to investigate the safety of CO(2) insufflation used for esophageal and gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients under deep sedation. ...

Fibreoptic intubation is a valuable modality for airway management. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine vs target controlled propofol infusion in providing sedation during fibreoptic intubation. Forty patients with anticipated difficult airways and due to undergo tracheal intubation for elective surgery were enrolled and randomly allocated into ...

BACKGROUND: Intravenous administration of fentanyl derivatives can induce cough paradoxically. This study examined the incidence and severity of cough after a bolus of alfentanil and remifentanil. METHODS: Four hundred and sixty-five patients, aged 18-70 years, were allocated randomly to three groups to receive alfentanil 10 microg/kg, remifentanil 1 microg/kg or ...

Preschoolers frequently require sedation for echocardiograms. This study compared various sedation drugs at the authors' institution, as well as the charges for moderate versus deep sedation. From 2001 to 2007, sedation was administered to 703 patients ages 2 to 4 years. Four drug regimens were used: chloral hydrate (CH), chloral ...

To determine whether limiting intraoperative sedation depth during spinal anesthesia for hip fracture repair in elderly patients can decrease the prevalence of postoperative delirium. We performed a double-blind, randomized controlled trial at an academic medical center of elderly patients (>or=65 years) without preoperative delirium or severe dementia who underwent hip ...

Low flow anesthesia can lead to reduction of anesthetic gas and vapor consumption. Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has proved to be an effective and safe airway device. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of laryngeal mask airway during controlled ventilation using low fresh gas flow (1.0 ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Remifentanil is being increasingly used as an analgesic in fast-track surgery, but severe postoperative pain may happen occasionally. In this study, we evaluated the effects of systemic administration of lidocaine on postoperative pain and morphine requirements after propofol-remifentanil-based anaesthesia. METHODS: Forty patients undergoing thoracic surgery were randomly ...

BACKGROUND: Preinduction i.v. fentanyl bolus is associated with coughing in 28-65% of patients. Fentanyl-induced coughing (FIC) is not always benign and can be remarkably troublesome at the most critical moment of induction of anaesthesia when airway reflex is lost. We postulated that the huffing manoeuvre, a forced expiration against open ...

Aim. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical feasibility of Macintosh and Miller laryngoscopes for tracheal intubation in non-experienced users in anesthetized patients. Patients and Methods. 119 patients were randomized into the Macintosh group (59) and the Miller group (60). The primary outcome variable was successful tracheal ...