Functional Orthopaedics, Functionalism and their appliances have as their objective to correct the skeletal dysplasia that underlies many malocclusions, taking advantage of the potential of the stomatognathic system's strength. The range of functional appliances is very extensive and there is a great variety thereof. Basically, functional appliances can be: removable ...

An adult woman with amelogenesis imperfecta, a skeletal Class III relationship, long face syndrome, and a severe anterior open bite received interdisciplinary treatment (orthodontics, orthognathic surgery, and prosthodontics). Presurgical orthodontic treatment was followed by a maxillary posterior impaction with anterior advancement and a mandibular setback. After surgery, the patient received ...

Mandibular distraction with intraoral curvilinear distractor is an effective procedure for lengthening the mandibular corpus and ramus dimensions. Mandibular distractor is valuable for the treatment of hypoplastic mandible. The aim of this article was to describe the treatment of a patient with hypoplastic and severely retrognathic mandible resulting from isolated ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term changes in maxillary arch widths, overjet, and overbite in patients who were treated with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) followed by edgewise appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material for the study consisted of study casts taken from 41 patients (19 males, 22 females) on four different ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the vertical facial and dental arch dimensional changes occurring with extraction and nonextraction orthodontic treatments. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparative study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi during the period 2003 to 2005. METHODOLOGY: Data were collected using records of patients who visited ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of vital primary molar pulpotomy when there is no direct contact between eugenol and the vital pulp. Four pulpotomy techniques were compared: (1) ferric sulfate (FS) pulpotomy; (2) eugenol-free FS pulpotomy; (3) mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomy; and (4) ...

Aim: To assess the relationship between palatal height and width on plaster casts from 33 growing individuals with Class II Division 1 relationships who received orthodontic treatment without extraction. Methods: The palatal contours in the permanent canine and first molar regions were registered with a digital pantograph before treatment (T1), ...

To present a treatment protocol for improved stability with Herbst appliance treatment in Class II adult cases. Sixteen Class II adults were treated at the University of Hong Kong with two phase treatment. The treatment protocol which leads to good stability was presented. The protocol leading to stable correction of ...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue changes in response to camouflage Class III treatment. METHODS: Thirty patients (average age, 12.4 + or - 1.0 years) with skeletal Class III malocclusions who completed comprehensive nonextraction orthodontic treatment were studied. Skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy in Chinese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-hundred fifty Chinese orthodontic patients completed six distinct intervals of the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14, Chinese version): before treatment (T0); after the placement of the fixed ...

BACKGROUND: Anterior segmental osteotomy has become an established surgical technique to achieve functional occlusion and improve the facial profile in the treatment of maxillary protrusion. Postoperative nasal changes, however, are somewhat unpredictable. The here presented subapical anterior maxillary segmental osteotomy has been developed to avoid such unintended nasal changes. PATIENTS ...

In this retrospective cohort study of the effectiveness of interceptive orthodontic treatment, we compared patients receiving interceptive orthodontic treatment with untreated control subjects. Models were scored by using the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON). Control models (n = 113) were archival and were selected based on malocclusion in ...

A systematic review of effects related to patient, screw, surgery, and loading on the stability of miniscrews was conducted. Reports of clinical trials published before September 2007 with at least 30 miniscrews were reviewed. Parameters examined were patient sex and age, location and method of screw placement, screw length and ...

Aim: Relapse is an important issue of concern following operations for mandibular setback. Decreasing the immobilization (IMF) period may play a role in this regard. Usual IMF period ranges from 1 to 2 months. We aimed to assess relapse following a 1-week IMF period. Materials and methods: This study aimed ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the mandibular canal and ramus morphology before and after a sagittal split ramus osteotomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 30 patients (60 sides) with mandibular prognathism who had undergone bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy setback surgery. The mandibular ...

The purpose of the present retrospective study was to analyze treatment choice and outcome in patients with retention/impaction of the mandibular second molar. Radiographic material, from three large clinics, from 106 patients (60 males and 46 females) with 126 retained/impacted permanent mandibular second molars treated during the years 1985-2005 was ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the anteroinferior changes and the degree of vertical changes to facilitate the prediction of treatment outcome in patients undergoing genioplasty only, genioplasty with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO), genioplasty, or BSSRO and Lefort I osteotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial cephalometry ...

The aim of the investigation was to compare overall and anterior Bolton ratios in different malocclusion groups with Bolton's standards. The material comprised 600 pre-treatment study casts (262 males and 338 females, aged 12-25 years), selected from the models of 3088 patients who had applied for orthodontic treatment based on ...

The purpose of this study was to compare Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of young adults with maxillary constriction during tooth- and bone-borne expansion. Thirty patients, 15 females and 15 males, with a mean age of 17.3 +/- 2.8 years were divided into three groups. Group ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of correction for square jaw with low angle using mandibular "V-line" ostectomy combined with outer cortex ostectomy. STUDY DESIGN: From July 2005 to November 2007, 31 patients who had square faces with low angles were treated with ...

The aim of this trial was to evaluate whether a Nance or Goshgarian palatal arch was most effective for prevention of mesial drift, distal tipping, prevention of mesio-palatal rotation of the upper first permanent molars, and patient comfort and ease of removal. Patients were recruited from a district general hospital ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to assess 3-dimensional reconstruction of cranial defects by use of bifocal bidirectional transport distraction osteogenesis (BBTDO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed on 8 sheep, divided into a control group (n = 3) and treatment group (n = 5). Full-thickness cranial defects ...

PURPOSE: The present study evaluated the simultaneous correction of bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis with mandibular micrognathia using internal distraction osteogenesis (DO) with the help of a 3-dimensional craniomaxillofacial model technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 16 patients (age 18 to 43 years) with bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis and mandibular ...

INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to determine the short-term skeletal and dental effects of the Xbow appliance when compared with an equivalent untreated control group as measured on lateral cephalograms. METHODS: A prospective sample of 69 consecutive Class II patients treated with only the Xbow appliance was compared with 30 historical ...

A 26-year-old male patient presented with generalised gingival recession related to the margins of crowns fitted between the ages of 12 and 15 years. The patient, previously treated for Amelogenesis Imperfecta, suffered a mandibular fracture at the age of 22 years. He had an anterior open bite and in the ...

The authors assessed the safety and efficacy of a novel cleft rhinoplasty procedure that combines an open rhinoplasty with the Dibbell and Tajima techniques. A single-surgeon, 10-year, retrospective review was conducted of all unilateral cleft lip rhinoplasties (n = 157). Nonsyndromic patients undergoing a combined open incision/Dibbell/Tajima procedure and who ...

INTRODUCTION: In this retrospective study, we compared the cephalometric effects, the dental-arch changes, and the efficiency of Class II treatment with the pendulum appliance, cervical headgear, or extraction of 2 maxillary premolars, all associated with fixed appliance therapy. METHODS: The sample of 82 patients with Class II malocclusion was divided ...

Ambulatory cleft lip repair has been practiced in developed countries, but its safety has never been examined in developing countries. This study compares the outcomes of ambulatory cleft lip repair with the inpatient setting. A retrospective cohort study of 122 patients who underwent repair between 2000 and 2008 was conducted. ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to report the kinetics of masticatory muscles using a 4-dimensional muscle model and kinetically investigate the etiology of square mandible (SQM) in vivo. STUDY DESIGN: To ascertain the mandibular movements in patients with SQM, we compared a group of 11 SQM patients with painless limited mouth ...

OBJECTIVE:: The aim of this study was to develop an internal distractor to release a drug to the distraction site during the distraction process and to investigate whether intermittent bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)-containing chitosan hydrogel infusion will improve radiologic and histologic parameters of distraction osteogenesis (DO) when compared with ...

INTRODUCTION: Sagittal mandible deficiency is the most common cause of skeletal Class II malocclusion. Treatment objective is to stimulate sagittal mandible growth. Fixed functional Herbst appliance use is beneficial for shortening the time required for treatment and does not depend on patient compliance. CASE OUTLINE: A 13-year-old girl was referred ...

PURPOSE: To provide an evidence-based review comparing the skeletal stability and complications of bilateral sagittal split osteotomies (BSSOs) and mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) in the treatment of mandibular hypoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Medline search from January 1957 to December 2007 was performed wherein articles were retrieved on the basis ...

OBJECTIVE: Craniofacial deformities (CFDs) frequently accompany midfacial hypoplasia. The authors evaluated characteristics of maxillary sinuses that had CFDs with variable degrees of midfacial hypoplasia. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey with chart review. SETTING: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. SUBJECTS ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the treatment effects and long-term stability of the stepwise Herbst appliance and mandibular sagittal split osteotomy in skeletal Class II adult patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects comprised 16 patients in the Herbst group and another 16 patients in the surgery (mandibular sagittal split osteotomy) group. Lateral head ...

INTRODUCTION: The influence of occlusal condition at the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been strongly debated for many years and still is the source of controversy. Up to the eighties in the last century, the occlusal factors such as the presence of uncured malocclusions, discrepancies between intercuspal position and ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes that occur in the subgingival microbiota after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty orthodontic patients (11 males and 19 females; aged 20 +/- 7.3 yr) were included in this study. Subgingival plaque samplings were gathered from the disto-buccal ...

OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to investigate the differences in stress on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) between Class III patients with and without mandibular asymmetry using a rigid body spring model (RBSM). DESIGN: Menton (Me), the centre point of occlusal force on the line that connected the bilateral buccal ...

INTRODUCTION: Our aim in this prospective randomized clinical study was to assess the prevalence rate of eruption of palatally displaced canines, diagnosed at an early developmental stage with posteroanterior radiographs and consequently treated by rapid maxillary expansion. METHODS: A sample of 60 subjects in the early mixed dentition with palatally ...

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a randomized controlled trial comparing the skeletal stability of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and mandibular distraction ostoegenesis (MDO) for moderate mandibular advancement. STUDY DESIGN: Fourteen class II mandibular hypoplasia patients requiring mandibular advancement between 6 and 10 mm were randomized into 2 groups for either BSSO ...

A 45 years old male patient presented with an asymptomatic right mandibular mass that extended from the angle to the premolar area. It had been present for 3 months at the time of the initial presentation. Panoramic radiograph revealed an ill-defined unilocular radiolucency. Previous dental treatment included molar extractions and ...

Open bite development during distraction of the mandible is common and partly due to inaccurate planning of the treatment. Conflicting guidelines exist in the literature. A method for Visualized Treatment Objective (VTO) construction is presented as an aid for determining the correct orientation of monodirectional and multidirectional distractors. Distraction on ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether thermoplastic retainers need to be worn full-time for a limited period or whether part-time wear from the outset is adequate to maintain tooth position, arch form, and occlusion. This study was a randomized clinical trail, conducted in a district general hospital. ...

This study reports an independent audit of two aspects of orthognathic surgery, namely control of inter-alar width and mandibular outline asymmetry. Measurements were taken from standardized photographs of a consecutive series of 27 patients, using an on-screen digitizing program (IPTool). All patients had undergone bimaxillary osteotomies involving maxillary impaction and/or ...

This study compared outcomes of two surgical methods for patients diagnosed with active condylar hyperplasia type 1. Group 1 (n = 12) was treated with orthognathic surgery only, while group 2 (n = 42) was treated with high condylectomies, articular disc repositioning, and orthognathic surgery. There was no statistically significant ...

With regard to the vertical problem of skeletal open-bite malocclusion, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of upper posterior bite-plane on the dentoskeletal changes of skeletal open-bite malocclusion. The material consisted of 23 patients, with skeletal open-bite in mixed dentition period. The patients were treated by upper removable ...

Although the use of rigid fixation of bony segments in orthognathic surgery has become a standard of care, the question remains, 'With use of rigid fixation has stability of common orthognathic surgical procedures improved?' Because of the problems with various methods of osteosynthesis for the osteotomies commonly used in orthognathic ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and semi-rapid maxillary expansion (SRME) in the mixed dentition period. The SRME group consisted of 18 patients (11 girls and 7 boys) with a mean age of 8.63 +/- 1.09 years and the RME group ...

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of facial asymmetry before surgery and to evaluate the facial skeletal changes and stability after 2-jaw orthognathic surgery. The ideal "double-cross grid" as fitting the key landmarks to the reference planes on posteroanterior cephalograms was set as the treatment goal. PATIENTS ...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to examine asymmetry of the lips in patients with jaw deformity and facial asymmetry. METHODS: Pretreatment and posttreatment frontal facial photographs of 17 patients who had mandibular prognathism with facial asymmetry were analyzed. Linear and angular measurements were made on the photographs to ...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this cephalometric study was to evaluate the role of timing in relation to skeletal maturity on the outcomes of nonextraction comprehensive Class II therapy. METHODS: Three samples of patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion were treated with headgear combined with fixed appliances and Class II ...