BACKGROUND: Injectable fillers are widely used in aesthetic medicine. Although most materials are considered to be safe, adverse events occur. Our knowledge on frequency and potential risk factors is limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe adverse reactions to injectable fillers based on a partly population-based case ...

BACKGROUND: Recent articles have introduced the novel concept of chemical lipolysis through local injections. Phosphatidylcholine is the active drug in the commercial preparation used for this purpose, but some studies have suggested that sodium deoxycholate, an excipient of the preparation, could be the real active substance. AIM: We decided to ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of proliferative phase intralesional steroid injections in the treatment of parotid hemangiomas. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with parotid hemangiomas treated with intralesional steroid injections during the proliferative phase. SETTING: Vascular Anomalies Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe a new technique of injecting Restylane Sub-Q (Q-Med, Uppsala, Sweden) into the intraconal and extraconal posterior orbit. METHODS: Retrospective review. Eight injections were performed in 5 patients using 2-mL Sub-Q in the intraconal and extraconal posterior orbit for orbital volume enhancement. Four injections were performed in sighted ...

OBJECTIVE: To present findings of a pilot study on intraorbital corticosteroid therapy in the management of idiopathic orbital inflammation. METHODS: This prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series included patients with clinically, radiologically, and histologically confirmed idiopathic orbital inflammation with an anterior orbital mass. Twenty to 40 mg/mL of triamcinolone acetonide was ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the timing of improvement after extra-articular steroid injection, the incidence of a postinjection pain flare (a delayed postinjection transient increase in pain), and the role of the injection acidity in the postinjection flare. METHODS: One hundred twenty-five patients with trigger finger (88 patients) or de Quervain's tenosynovitis ...

Disorganization of sensory cortical somatotopy has been described in adult onset primary torsion dystonia (AOPTD). Although botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) acts peripherally, some studies have suggested a central effect. Our primary hypothesis was that sensory cortical reorganization occurs after BTX-A treatment of AOPTD. Twenty patients with cervical dystonia and ...

Operating time for idiopathic hydroceles and epididymal cysts is scarce as these conditions compete with an increasing caseload of more consequential surgical disease. Therapy is often relegated to repeated aspiration. Sclerotherapy appears to be effective in a majority of published trials, but comparative effectiveness, efficacy and safety of most agents, ...

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we examined Radiesse (calcium hydroxylapatite; CaHA), Juvederm 24 (hyaluronic acid; HA-1A), Juvederm 24HV (HA-1B), and Perlane (HA-2) for patient satisfaction, likelihood to return, immediate efficacy, and duration of correction. OBJECTIVE: This multicenter, blinded, randomized study compares patient satisfaction variables, efficacy, and durability of CaHA gel and ...

Venous malformations of the face and neck involve multiple anatomical spaces and encase critical neuromuscular structures, making surgical treatment difficult; high recurrence rates and high morbidity are well documented. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical curative effect of combination compartmentalisation and sclerotherapy for the treatment of ...

BACKGROUND; Allergan Inc. recommends that its botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A; BOTOX) must be refrigerated and applied within 4 hours after its reconstitution to avoid losing its biologic effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare clinical efficacy in treating external canthus dynamic lines with reconstituted and refrigerated toxin (BTX-A) 1 ...

This prospective, multicentre, international, observational, cohort study compared injection site pain (ISP) and injection site reactions (ISRS) between interferon beta-1b (IFNB-1b; Betaferon) 250 microg subcutaneously every other day and interferon beta-1a (IFNB-1a; Rebif) 44 microg subcutaneously three times weekly in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Patients started treatment within 3 months ...

PURPOSE: To determine if there is a difference in the efficacy of refrigerated (previously reconstituted) versus freshly reconstituted botulinum toxin (Botox Cosmetic, Allergan, Irvine, CA, U.S.A.) in the treatment of lateral periorbital rhytids. METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, controlled, prospective study. Participants included individuals who were interested in the ...

To describe a new method of augmenting orbital volume for anophthalmic enophthalmos correction. A retrospective medical record review was conducted of 4 consecutive patients who had injectable calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) placed in the extraconal space to augment orbital volume. Four patients were treated with 1 to 2 vials (1.3 mL ...

Our objective was to demonstrate the efficacy and impact on quality of life of detrusor injections of botulinum neurotoxin type A in the treatment of bladder dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis. Forty-three patients with multiple sclerosis suffering from severe urgency incontinence were treated with detrusor injections of botulinum neurotoxin ...

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the short- and midterm effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) for lumbosacral radiculopathy with respect to injection level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained. From March 2005 to February 2006, 239 consecutive patients (106 male, 133 female; mean ...

Lateral axial dystonia (LAD) has been described in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but treatment might be more controversial than treatment of LAD in other neurological conditions. Our study was designed as a blinded cross-over with botulinum toxin (BTX) and placebo in order to investigate the efficacy of BTX in ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the use of botulinum toxin type A in identifying adult patients with constant strabismus who are at high risk of developing intractable diplopia after surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of adult patients with constant horizontal strabismus who had botulinum toxin injection to evaluate their risk of postoperative ...

PURPOSE: We compared the cellular and ultrastructural changes in the urethral wall following application of different hemostasis techniques in a rabbit model of hypospadias surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rabbits were allocated into 5 groups. In group 1 animals underwent surgery without application of any hemostasis technique; in group 2 continuous ...

OBJECTIVE: Orofacial tardive dyskinesia (OTD) is difficult to treat and Botulinium Toxin A (BTA) may be an option. METHODS: In a single blind (raters were blind) study (N=12, duration 33 weeks) OTD was treated with Botulinum Toxin A in three consecutive sessions with increasing dosages. The severity was measured with ...

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the role of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of refractory laryngeal granulomas. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective clinical review at a tertiary care hospital. Seven patients with vocal process granulomas underwent percutaneous injection of botulinum toxin into both vocal folds, performed in an office ...

Patient satisfaction is a key measure of success when using botulinum toxin type A to treat glabellar rhytides. However, lack of a standardized method of assessing satisfaction has limited its evaluation. In this open-label study, 58 women with moderate or severe glabellar rhytides at maximum frown were treated with 20 ...

PURPOSE: No surgical method for repair of total rectal prolapse has been established as optimal. We describe a new technique that uses ALTA (aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid) injection as a simple perianal procedure for total rectal prolapse. METHODS: Fourteen patients with total rectal prolapse were treated with sclerosing ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to analyse systematically the prospective randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of botulinum toxin (BTX) and glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) for the pharmacological management of chronic anal fissure (CAF). METHOD: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken. Prospective randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness ...

Background: Intralesional sodium stibogluconate (SSG) has become first line therapy for localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL). Aims: This study compares the efficacy of intralesional SSG given alone with that of intralesional SSG combined with intramuscular SSG. Methods: Thirty-two patients aged between 5-56 years were included in the study. The first group ...

OBJECTIVES: To study repeat intradetrusor botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in terms of safety and improvement of continence status and urodynamic parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was based on 20 consecutive patients (13 males, 7 females; median age, 41.1 yr) who received at least ...

BACKGROUND: Teriparatide (parathyroid hormone [1-34] [ribosomal DNA origin]) stimulates new bone formation on trabecular and cortical (periosteal and/or endosteal) bone surfaces by preferential stimulation of osteoblastic activity over osteoclastic activity. It has been found to significantly reduce vertebral fractures by 65%, and nonvertebral fragility fractures by 53% in treatment-naive postmenopausal ...

OBJECTIVE: To study motor and sensory results of surgery for exotropia following botulinum toxin A injection to correct childhood esotropia. METHODS: The medical records of 2445 patients treated with botulinum toxin bimedial injection were retrospectively reviewed to select patients operated on after 1 year of consecutive exotropia. We recorded age ...

INTRODUCTION: Analysis of results of research on aging indicates that negative stereotypes about diminished needs and abilities to achieve satisfaction in elderly have negative impact on well-being of persons in late adulthood. These negative stereotypes are shared by older people and the other members of society, including physicians. However, only ...

BACKGROUND: Based on systematic reviews, it appears that at least 10% of patients may continue to suffer with residual or persistent pain after successful vertebral or sacral augmentation procedures. OBJECTIVE: To report and evaluate the incidence and prevalence of different spinal injections in patients who received vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and sacroplasty ...

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture plus acupoint-injection for ischemic apoplexy. METHOD: 78 cases of ischemic apoplexy were randomly divided into a treatment group of 39 cases treated by electroacupuncture plus acupoint-injection and a control group of 39 cases treated by electroacupuncture alone. RESULTS: The neural functional defect ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the level of nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA in bladder tissue and the effect of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) treatment in patients with interstitial cystitis (IC). METHODS: A total of 19 patients with IC were treated with 100 U or 200 U of intravesical BTX-A injections followed ...

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of translaminar cervical epidural steroid injection (ESI) in the management of localized or radicular neck pain and assess categoric factors that can help predict clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In all patients studied, treatment of neck pain with oral pain medications or physical therapy had ...

The aim of this prospective study was to assess the efficacy of different medical treatments and surgery in the treatment of chronic anal fissure (CAF). From 1/04 to 09/06, 156 patients with typical CAF completed the study. All patients were treated with 0.2% nitroglycerin ointment (GTN) or anal dilators (DIL) ...

PURPOSE: Botulinum toxin A has previously been used for neurogenic and nonneurogenic urgency and urge incontinence. We evaluated the effects of sphincteric botulinum toxin A injection in a series of neurologically normal children with evidence of external sphincter dyssynergia with various voiding problems documented by abnormal voiding electromyography as well ...

PURPOSE: Treating pediatric incontinence can be challenging. Many surgical procedures are available with variable success and complications. Endoscopic injection of bulking agents into an incompetent bladder neck was first described using Teflon and most currently using Deflux. We compared the results of bladder neck injection using Deflux and Teflon to ...

PURPOSE: We compared the effectiveness of detrusor, suburothelial and bladder base injections of botulinum toxin type A in patients with idiopathic detrusor overactivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 patients with idiopathic detrusor overactivity refractory to antimuscarinic therapy were randomly allocated to receive 100 U botulinum toxin type A ...

Type A neurotoxin of Clostridium botulinum was purified by a simple procedure using a lactose gel column. This procedure was previously reported for type B neurotoxin. Hemagglutinin-positive toxins (19S and 16S) were bound to the column under acid conditions, and the neurotoxin alone was dissociated from these hemagglutinin-positive toxins by ...

We performed an observational study to determine whether allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is as effective as allergen-specific subcutaneous injection immunotherapy (SCIT). Our study population was comprised of 66 patients who had been taking SLIT. Of this group, 36 patients had switched to SLIT after having been treated with SCIT (group ...

BACKGROUND: Treatment of focal hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is known to be effective in the axillary, palmar, and plantar region. No studies evaluating the treatment of hyperhidrosis in the anal fold with BTX-A are available, however. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate whether or not injections with BTX-A ...

Fifty years after its widespread recognition, a significant minority of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome continue to experience poor outcomes from treatment. Much current treatment is supported by an inadequate or nonexistent evidence base. Surgical decompression, often considered the definitive solution, gives excellent results in only 75% of cases in ...

BACKGROUND: A number of methods have been used in the treatment of symptomatic and aggressive vertebral hemangioma, but none of them is optimal. Vertebral hemangioma treated with cement vertebroplasty or ethanol injection alone showed relatively good results despite their limitations. METHODS: Between February 2002 and May 2004, twelve patients with ...

BACKGROUND: The treatment of verrucae with bleomycin injections has not become a routinely adopted form of therapy in dermatologic practice since its use was originally described in 1980 because of the adverse effects and complications that have been associated with it. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to demonstrate ...

Forty patients (mean age 5 years) with a spastic disorder treated by botulinum injections (53 sessions) were evaluated for functional outcome in terms of achievement of their individual predetermined goals of treatment, rated on a modified Goal Attainment Scale from 1 (worsening function) to 4 (improved gross motor function). At ...

BACKGROUND: Intralesional sodium stibogluconate (SSG) has become first line therapy for localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL). AIMS: This study compares the efficacy of intralesional SSG given alone with that of intralesional SSG combined with intramuscular SSG. METHODS: Thirty-two patients aged between 5-56 years were included in the study. The first group ...

PURPOSE: Injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) is a recently FDA-approved soft-tissue filler. Although approved only for treatment of HIV-associated lipoatrophy, there has been increased interest in its use for cosmetic purposes. Here we describe a case of a granulomatous reaction to injectable PLA in the inferior periorbital region resulting in visible ...

OBJECTIVE: The basic objective of this study was to find out the efficacy of OK-432 for the conservative treatment of lymphangiomas of head and neck regions at the Department of ENT-Head & Neck Surgery of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu, Nepal. METHODS: It was a hospital based prospective, cross-sectional, ...

PURPOSE: To ascertain the incidence of persistent strabismus in patients treated with plaque brachytherapy and its subsequent treatment. METHODS: A single center retrospective case note review of adult patients with persistent diplopia or strabismus following plaque brachytherapy for all types of intraocular tumors between 1996 and 2004. RESULTS: A total ...

AIM: Evaluation of the side-effects of conventional subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy in inhalant allergy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of early and late, local and systemic, short-term and long-term side-effects of 4723 injections given to 224 patients suffering from intermittent or persistent allergic rhinitis. RESULTS: There were 65 systemic reactions in ...

OBJECTIVE: Morton's neuroma is a common cause of forefoot pain. For this study, we assessed the efficacy of a series of sonographically guided alcohol injections into the lesion. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred one consecutive patients with Morton's neuroma were included in this prospective series. An average of 4.1 treatments ...