The aim of this study was to determine whether a 48-hour antibiotic prophylaxis regimen with a second-generation cephalosporin was more efficient than a flash antibiotic prophylaxis regimen in pulmonary operations. All the included patients underwent lung resection. Patients with preoperative infection were excluded. All the patients were given cefuroxime (1.5 ...

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a possible hypersensitivity reaction induced by metronidazole. CASE SUMMARY: An Asian woman with a history of recurrent vaginitis had previously developed localized erythema while on intravaginal metronidazole and nystatin. While receiving oral metronidazole for treatment of a current bacterial vaginosis, she developed chills, fever, ...

A randomized prospective study of antibiotic prophylaxis using a single dose of either cefoxitin or piperacillin is presented. The trial was carried out in Al Ain Hospital in the period 1989-1992 on 250 adult patients with non-perforated appendicitis. One group (124 patients) received 2 g cefoxitin, the other group (126 ...

In a series of three double-blind, controlled, clinical studies, the efficacy and safety of a single 1 gram dose of ceftizoxime were compared with those of a standard regimen, three 2 gram doses of cefoxitin, for prophylaxis of perioperative infection in women undergoing abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. Two hundred and ...

Purulent otorrhea is the most common complication of tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion. It may occur in the postoperative period or at any time during the sojourn of the tube. The efficacy of topical antimicrobial prophylaxis against purulent postoperative otorrhea (PPO) has been examined in 5 prospective, randomized studies; all demonstrated ...

We conducted a prospective randomized trial to compare the efficacy of oral gentamicin versus oral IgA-IgG for the prophylaxis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); 200 newborns considered at high risk for NEC were assigned to group A (oral IgA-IgG, n = 100) or group B (oral Gentamicin, n = 100). NEC ...

Antibioprophylaxis has been proven to be efficient for some orthopaedic procedures. However, its efficacy for clean limited procedures with metallic implants is not clear. One hundred twenty-two closed ankle fracture patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation were randomized, double-blindly, to receive either cephalothin (1 g i.v. every 6 h ...

The efficacy of cefuroxime was compared with the efficacy of cefazolin for prophylaxis against postoperative wound infection in a prospective, double-blind, multicenter study of 1354 patients who had had elective primary or revision total hip or knee arthroplasty. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1.5 grams of cefuroxime ...

The clinical efficacy of short-term antimicrobial prophylaxis with either one shot of ceftriaxone (1 g) or a course of 3 injections of a fixed combination of mezlocillin (2 g) and oxacillin (1 g) administered over 24 h was studied in a prospective randomized clinical study of 100 patients undergoing elective ...

Twenty-four patients undergoing monolateral or bilateral total knee replacement (TKR) procedures were randomized to receive teicoplanin (T) either systemically or regionally. Subjects scheduled for systemic prophylaxis and undergoing monolateral (six patients) or bilateral (five patients) TKR received a single 800-mg dose of T in 100 ml of saline as a ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess prospectively the efficiency and safety of two extended spectrum cephalosporins used as pre-operative prophylaxis in nonelective cesarean sections, and compare the results to those of a third group of patients that received cefamezine post cord clamping. METHODS: Two hundred and forty one patients undergoing a nonscheduled cesarean ...

Invasive fungal infection is a problem in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT). To determine if a liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (Ambisome) is safe and can prevent fungal infection we performed a placebo controlled double-blind randomized prophylactic trial. Study drug was administered from when neutrophil count had decreased to ...

We studied 599 evaluable patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy at 7 urological units. Before transurethral prostatectomy the patients were randomized into 3 groups: group 1--197 patients given single-dose ceftriaxone (2 gm.), group 2--203 patients given 160/800 mg. trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and group 3--199 controls given no antimicrobial prophylaxis. Patients with a preoperative ...

Seventy-seven patients were prospectively enrolled in a randomized clinical trial to compare two antimicrobial regimens for the treatment of post-cesarean section endometritis. The two groups were not significantly different with respect to age, race, gravidity, parity, hours in labor, cesarean section indication, preoperative or postoperative hemoglobin/hematocrit, pretreatment white blood cell ...

The aim of the present investigation was to prospectively study the clinical and bacteriologic outcome of 15 consecutive patients with brain abscesses who were treated with surgical excision and cefotaxime (3 g every 8 hours) plus metronidazole (0.5 g every 8 hours) for at least 3 weeks. The patients were ...

This clinical trial, which was composed of 1,031 adults undergoing cardiac operations, compared the efficacy of a single dose of 1 g of ceftriaxone with a 48-our regimen consisting of flucloxacillin and gentamicin. There was no significant difference (p = 0.89) in the overall incidence of major infections: 30 of ...

One hundred and five healthy nonimmunes in Colombia took part in a randomize, double-blind comparison of 250 mg of Lariam (L) (active ingredient: mefloquine) on alternate weeks or one tablet of Fansidar (F) (active ingredients: sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine) weekly for malaria prophylaxis during at least six months. Volunteers also gave ...

In a prospective, randomized, blinded study, 826 patients undergoing clean neurosurgical procedures received single intravenous doses of ceftizoxime (2 g) (n = 422) or a combination of vancomycin (1 g) and gentamicin (80 mg) (n = 404) 1 hour before an incision was made. Patients with infected or contaminated wounds ...

A single dose preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis of ceftriaxone 2 g and tinidatsole 500 mg was compared with netilmycin (150 mg) or tobramycin (80 mg) in patients undergoing colorectal surgery by a prospective randomised single-blind trial. There were 628 patients from seven Finnish hospitals. The wound infection rate of 3% in ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin that has in vitro activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including beta-lactamase-producing strains. A single 1-g intramuscular dose is effective and is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as an alternative treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: This study ...

To compare the efficacy and tolerance with 2% clindamycin vaginal cream versus oral metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study in which patients were randomly assigned to one of the following two regimens in a 1:1 ratio: clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream 2% (5 ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a single dose (2 g) of tinidazole before abdominal hysterectomy could reduce the incidence of postoperative infection. METHOD: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was undertaken with a single oral dose (2 g) of tinidazole, 12 h before surgery, in 100 patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy for various ...

Of 101 women, 15-50 years of age, presenting with vaginal discharge, 34 had bacterial vaginosis and were randomly assigned to a seven-day course of oral treatment with either erythromycin (0.5 g b.i.d.) or metronidazole (0.4 g b.i.d.) in a single-blind, cross-over study. Treatment failure (> or = three clinical signs ...

OBJECTIVES: In response to an increased frequency of Staphylococcus epidermidis infections in postoperative cardiac surgery patients, antibiotic prophylaxis was changed to include both vancomycin and cefazolin pre- and intraoperatively. Subsequent to the addition of vancomycin prophylaxis, clinical impression and retrospective analysis supported a correlation between vancomycin administration and post-cardiopulmonary bypass ...

In a retrospective study the incidence of infections, number of afebrile days, duration of antimicrobial chemotherapy, and cost of antibacterials and antimycotics were compared in two groups of patients. One was a group of 57 patients who received no prophylaxis during induction remission therapy of acute leukemia treated in 1989-1990, ...

A prospective, randomized, open study was performed in 199 patients at the Leyenburg Hospital comparing amoxycillin/clavulanate (AMX/CL) with cefuroxime plus metronidazole (CR/MN) in the prophylaxis of infection following gynaecological surgery. AMX/CL was given as a single dose of 2200 mg i.v. at the start of the operation. CR/MN, 750/500 mg ...

Following BMT there is a 5-15% risk of interstitial pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii (PcP). Cotrimoxazole is therefore administered prophylactically, but may cause myelodepression, allergic reactions and nephrotoxicity. As PcP prophylaxis with pentamidine aerosol is effective in patients with AIDS, we conducted a prospective trial with regular inhalations of pentamidine. ...

From 1983 until 1990 our standard antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal surgery has been 80 mg gentamicin plus 500 mg metronidazole, both administered intravenously at the beginning of anesthesia, and then 80 mg gentamicin every 8 h for 3 days. In this time period, 718 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery by ...

Patients undergoing elective left colectomy for colonic carcinoma or diverticulosis (n = 341) were randomly assigned to three groups. Patients in groups 1 (102 patients) and 2 (122 patients) had two 5% povidone-iodine enemas whereas those in group 3 (117 patients) had saline enemas. Groups 1 and 3 received 24-hour ...

A case of pelvic actinomycosis is described which occurred in association with the use of an intrauterine device (IUD). Initially medical management alone was used, but surgical intervention was necessitated for multiple pelvic abscesses. We would strongly recommend that any IUD be removed should it be associated with actinomyces on ...

To compare the efficacy of a selective parenteral and enteral antimicrobial regimen in patients with fulminant liver failure, we classified 104 patients on reaching grade II encephalopathy as infected or non-infected. Patients who were infected were randomly assigned to receive IV cefuroxime (group 1) or selective parenteral and enteral antimicrobial ...

The therapeutic efficacy and safety of piperacillin (4.5 g, every 6 hours) were compared with combined gentamicin (80 mg, every 8 hours) and metronidazole (500 mg every 6 hours) therapy in 246 patients hospitalized for penetrating abdominal injuries. Sixty-five patients had penetrating injury of the colon, rectum, or terminal ileum. ...

With the intention of reducing prophylactic antibiotic dosage, previous studies in the Zurich University Hospital have shown that a one/day prophylactic antimicrobial regimen with cefazolin was as effective as a single dose of ceftriaxone. In this prospective randomized study one day cefazolin prophylaxis (1 g q 8 h i.v.) was ...

A randomized study compared the efficacy of a single dose of lomefloxacin given orally vs. cefuroxime given intravenously for prophylaxis against urinary tract infection in patients who were undergoing transurethral surgery. Patient groups were demographically similar; 25 received 400 mg lomefloxacin orally 2-6 h before surgery and 26 received 1.5 ...

A prospective, randomized study comparing single dose intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis with multiple-dose regimen in patients undergoing radical surgery for gynecologic malignancy was carried out. The majority of patients had cervical cancer. Thirty-seven patients in group A received one dose of 4 g piperacillin and 800 mg tinidazole 30 minutes before ...

Many antibiotics and antibiotic combinations are used for the treatment of peritonitis because of advanced (gangrenous or perforated) appendicitis. An aminoglycoside combined with an antianaerobe antibiotic is one standard treatment, but there is concern about the potential nephrotoxicity of the aminoglycoside and the necessity for monitoring aminoglycoside blood levels. Cefepime, ...

Augmentin as single agent was compared to the combination of metronidazole/gentamicin in the prevention of sepsis after appendicectomy. Two hundred patients admitted to Riyadh Central Hospital with a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis were enrolled in a prospective randomized study. All patients had a preoperative chest X ray, CBC, urinalysis ...

The efficacy of clindamycin and phenoxymethylpenicillin in the treatment of orofacial infections was compared in a randomised study in 60 patients: 30 patients received clindamycin 150 mg every 6 h for seven days, and 30 received phenoxymethylpenicillin 1 g every 12 h for seven days. Where indicated incision and drainage ...

A prospective study of the efficacy of ampicillin in combination with sulbactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, (A/S) in perioperative prophylaxis was performed. The study consisted of two independent parts performed at the same time. Part I included 60 patients with lobectomies and segmentectomies. Group A (A/S 1 x 3 g "single ...

Three-hundred twenty-one adults undergoing cardiac or major vascular operations were randomized to receive intravenous cefazolin, cefamandole, or vancomycin for prophylaxis against surgical infection in a double-blind trial. All three regimens provided therapeutic blood levels throughout operation in patients studied undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. The prevalence of surgical wound infection was lowest ...

A prospective, multicentre, randomized trial was carried out in 19 hospitals in order to compare the efficacy of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid with cefotetan as antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Since the main purpose of the study was to demonstrate equivalence between the two regimens, the protocol planned the ...

The suitability of commonly used antimicrobial regimens for prophylaxis in abdominal surgery and treatment of intra-abdominal sepsis is discussed. These various therapies are often limited in their usefulness by the range of microorganisms against which they are effective and thus, to extend the antimicrobial cover, agents may be combined. Some ...

The efficacy of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid for prevention of postoperative wound infection was compared with that of cefamandole in 150 patients at risk for infected bile while undergoing elective biliary surgery in a prospective, randomized study. The two groups were comparable for age, sex, risk factors, operative procedures and positive bile ...

The effect of a single preoperative dose of metronidazole in the prevention of alveolitis sicca dolorosa (ASD) after surgical removal of one impacted, non-infected mandibular third molar was investigated. A patient sample of 270 were given either 1000 mg of metronidazole or placebo at least 30 min before surgery. The ...

OBJECTIVE: The hypothesis of the study is that cefotetan and cefoxitin will be equally efficacious and safe in the treatment of post-cesarean section endometritis. STUDY DESIGN: In a double-blind, randomized manner 140 patients with post-cesarean section endometritis were treated with cefotetan, 2 gm intravenously every 12 hours, or cefoxitin, 2 ...

One hundred patients who had appendicectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis over 1 year were randomly allocated to two groups of 50 patients each. Patients in group 1 had a single prophylactic injection of gentamicin while those in group 2 had a five days course with the first dose given just ...

The leading cause of postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing major head and neck surgical procedures is postoperative infection. This prospective randomized multi-institutional clinical trial was designed to compare the effectiveness of clindamycin phosphate and high-dose cefazolin sodium therapy in preventing postoperative wound sepsis in patients undergoing contaminated head and neck ...

The efficacy and safety of ofloxacin, 200 mg twice daily for 7 days, was compared with metronidazole, 400 mg twice daily for 7 days, for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV). Diagnosis of BV was confirmed by at least 3 of the following 4 criteria: the presence of an abnormal ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of single-dose oral lomefloxacin and single-dose parenteral cefuroxime for the prevention of urinary tract infection following transurethral surgery. A total of 63 patients were enrolled in this prospective, randomized open-label study, which was conducted at two medical centers ...

Subconjunctival gentamicin was identified as the cause of conjunctival chemosis and capillary closure in a recent study conducted in this department. The gentamicin preparation used in the study contained preservatives. The current prospective study was set up to investigate the role of preservatives in the conjunctival toxicity of subconjunctival gentamicin. ...