A recent international consensus conference on the reduction in mortality in cardiac anesthesia and intensive care included pexelizumab, a recombinant monoclonal antibody to the component 5 of the complement system, among the ancillary (i.e. non-surgical) drugs/techniques/strategies that might influence survival rates in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The consensus conferences state ...

ABSTRACT Background: Abdominal hernia repair is the most frequently performed operation in surgery. Mesh repair in hernia surgery has become an integral component. Although meshes made of PVDF are already in clinical use, so far no data of long-term biocompability are available. Methods: In this study a PVDF mesh was ...

OBJCTIVE: The objectives were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ondansetron in the out-of-hospital treatment of undifferentiated nausea or vomiting. Patients with severe nausea or intractable vomiting who were transported by paramedic-staffed ambulances in eight California counties were treated with intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), or oral dissolving tablet (ODT) ...

Total knee and hip joint replacement has a high risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and steroid cover is used for cases associated with autoimmune diseases. Our aim is to evaluate the antiemetic efficacy of methylprednisolone as steroid cover in patients undergoing the surgery. A prospective cohort study design ...

To assess the efficacy of intraoperative inspired oxygen fractions (FIO(2)) of 0.8 and 0.5 when compared with standard FIO(2) of 0.3 in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled study. General hospital, postanesthesia care unit (PACU), and gynecology floor room. 120 ASA physical status I ...

Object The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after craniotomy because most available data about PONV in neurosurgical patients are retrospective in nature or derive from small prospective studies. Methods Postoperative nausea and vomiting was prospectively assessed within ...

We compared the effects of dexamethasone sodium phosphate given submucosally and intramuscularly on postoperative complications after removal of impacted lower third molars in a preliminary randomised prospective clinical trial. Thirty patients, each of whom required removal of a single impacted mandibular third molar under local anaesthesia, were randomly allocated to ...

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent and unpleasant side effect occurring after anaesthesia and surgery. In the present study, we hypothesized that an educational strategy based on systematic preoperative assessment of the simplified Apfel's score decreased the incidence of PONV in a population of adult surgical patients. All ...

We investigated whether the 2677G>T/A and 3435C>T polymorphisms of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) affect the efficacy of ondansetron to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. One hundred and ninety-eight patients undergoing general anaesthesia were enrolled. Thirty minutes before the end of surgery, 0.1 mg.kg⁻¹ ondansetron was administered ...

Ligasure tonsillectomies took longer than bipolar diathermy scissors tonsillectomies. Peroperative haemostasis was comparable in the two groups. Postoperative haemorrhage was higher than expected, which needs to be further investigated. A new handpiece, specifically designed for tonsillectomy, could probably improve surgical performance regarding operative time. To compare tonsillectomy using Ligasure with ...

To provide insight into clinical experience with liraglutide by reviewing four case studies of patients initiating liraglutide treatment. Liraglutide treatment was associated with clinically relevant reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c.) ) levels. In two of three cases for which HbA(1c) information was available, patients achieved an HbA(1c) of 6.5% at ...

Inguinal herniorrhaphy is one of the most common surgeries in men. Neuroaxis block is the anesthetic technique used more often and in the majority of the cases the patient is ready to be discharged from the hospital a few hours after the procedure, as long as satisfactory analgesia is present ...

Cervical hematoma is hardly a predictable complication of thyroid surgery. Postoperative vomiting has been reported as a likely risk factor. Five hundred sixty-two patients undergoing thyroidectomy were prospectively enrolled in the study and divided into 2 groups. Patients in group A received ondansetron to prevent postoperative vomiting. In group B, ...

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is frequent after joint arthroplasty; in addition to causing patient distress, it interferes with early mobilization and hospital discharge. Various antiemetic agents reduce PONV, but their action is limited by a short half-life. Aprepitant, an antiemetic developed for patients receiving chemotherapy, has a duration of ...

Perioperative opioid administration results in postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and acute opioid tolerance that manifests in increased postoperative pain. Esmolol is an ultra short acting cardioselective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and it has been successfully used for perioperative sympatholysis and it reduces the opioid requirement during total intravenous anesthesia. We ...

BACKGROUND: In cases of gastroparesis where significant symptoms fail to respond to standard medical therapy, gastric electrical stimulation (GES) may be of benefit. Unfortunately, not all patients improve with this therapy. Reliable preoperative predictors of symptomatic response to GES may allow clinicians to offer this expensive and invasive treatment to ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of ondansetron and metoclopramide, administered for the prophylaxis of vomiting in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia. One hundred patients undergoing mandibular osteotomy surgery were studied. Patients were allocated randomly to receive 1 of 2 treatment regimens: ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ondansetron and ramosetron in the reduction of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) associated with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after cardiac surgery. A total of 320 patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to one of ...

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are some of the most-common and undesirable adverse effects after surgery performed under general anesthesia. We investigated the prophylactic value of dexamethasone as an alternate to ondansetron or metoclopramide to prevent PONV after gynecologic surgery. One hundred sixty ASA I-II patients scheduled for elective gynecologic ...

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in using a multimodal approach with combined agents to treat postoperative nausea and vomiting. This study evaluated whether the addition of an oral dose of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist casopitant improved the antiemetic efficacy of an intravenous dose of ondansetron hydrochloride. ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate comparative effectiveness of ondansteron and dexamethasone in prophylaxis of PONV in tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy patients. METHODS: The study was conducted at Shifa International Hospital Islamabad from 1st January to 30th June 2009, on 60 patients undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy, with their consent. After consecutive alternate sampling, patients ...

To compare the clinical efficacy of acupressure with treatment induced by ondansetron and metoclopramide on reduction of the severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after strabismus surgery. There were 200 patients with ASA classes I-II, ages 10 to 60 years old, who underwent strabismus surgery that were included in ...

Clinical practice guidelines summarize evidence from science and attempt to translate those findings into clinical practice. Pervasive and consistent adoption of these guidelines into daily provider practice has proven slow. Using postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis guideline compliance as our metric, we compared the effects of continuing medical education ...

Oral and intravenous (IV) N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are used for the treatment of acetaminophen poisoning. The objective of this multicenter study was to compare the safety of these two routes of administration. We conducted a multicenter chart review of all patients treated with NAC for acetaminophen poisoning. The primary safety outcome ...

BACKGROUND: Department of Transportation (DOT) mandates reporting of all serious hazardous materials incidents. Hazardous material exposures may result in secondary contamination of emergency departments, or delayed clinical effects. Poison control centers specialize in the management of patients exposed to toxic substances; however, poison control center notification is not required. PURPOSE: ...

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a most distressing adverse event for surgical patients with a considerable economic impact .The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of clonidine given orally for PONV in patients undergoing anesthesia for outpatient ear surgery. METHODS: Sixty patients 30.2 +/- ...

The objective of this work is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials comparing a single intravenous dose of palonosetron (PAL) 0.25 mg with other 5-HT(3)R in patients receiving moderately or highly emetogenic (MoHE) chemotherapy. Several databases were searched, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and CENTRAL. The ...

Nausea and vomiting are frequent adverse effects of patient-controlled analgesia with opioids. This study was designed to compare the effect of midazolam to that of ondansetron for prevention of nausea and vomiting during morphine patient-controlled analgesia. In a randomised, double-blind, prospective trial, 90 patients were allocated to one of three ...

BACKGROUND: Dexamethasone has been reported to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). However, its effects on other surgical outcomes, such as pain and fatigue, have been unclear. We evaluated the efficacy of preoperative dexamethasone for ameliorating postoperative symptoms after LC. METHODS: In this prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled ...

To examine discontinuations due to nausea and/or vomiting or constipation with tapentadol immediate release (IR) or oxycodone IR treatment. Post hoc analyses of a 90-day, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose study. United States, Canada, United Kingdom. Adults with moderate to severe low back or osteoarthritis (OA) pain for > or ...

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are significant morbidities following cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine if application of a nasogastric (NG) tube during cardiac surgery can reduce the prevalence of postoperative PONV. This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial. University tertiary referral center. Two hundred ...

OBJECTS: We evaluated the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) at the P6 acupoint for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy. METHODS: The study population was patients aged 20 to 60 years who underwent supratentorial craniotomy under general anesthesia. Exclusion criteria were obesity, diabetes ...

To evaluate the efficacy of a single preoperative dose of 600 mg of gabapentin for reducing postoperative pain and tramadol consumption after minilap open cholecystectomy. A total of 120 adult patients of either sex were randomly assigned to receive 600 mg of gabapentin or a matched placebo orally 2 h ...

Acute hematoma remains one of the most frequently encountered complications after face-lift surgery. Several risk factors inherent to the patient and omission of certain intraoperative regimens are considered to cause hematoma. Significant risk factors include high blood pressure and male gender. Possible intraoperative regimens for the prevention of hematoma include ...

To evaluate efficacy and safety of switching from twice-daily exenatide to once-daily liraglutide or of 40 weeks of continuous liraglutide therapy. When added to oral antidiabetes drugs in a 26-week randomized trial (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes [LEAD]-6), liraglutide more effectively improved A1C, fasting plasma glucose, and the homeostasis ...

We compared the prophylactic anti-emetic efficacy of ramosetron, a newly developed 5-HT(3) antagonist, and ondansetron in patients at high-risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting after total knee replacement. Eighty-four patients with three risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (female, non-smoking and use of postoperative opioid use (ropivacaine and hydromorphone ...

BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid (SA) morphine, highly effective for the management of pain after a cesarean delivery, is associated with a significant incidence of pruritus in up to 80% of patients. No previous study has compared the effectiveness of ondansetron (5-HT(3) antagonist) vs. diphenhydramine (H(1) receptor blocker) for the treatment of this ...

Tonsillectomy is regarded as a safe procedure, with post-operative taste disturbances rarely reported. The aim of this study was to access taste function after tonsillectomy in a series of 60 patients. Sixty patients (age range 14-40 years; mean 24.4 years; median 21 years; STD 7.7 years), 24 males and 36 ...

BACKGROUND: Extended-release epidural morphine (EREM) is an effective option for postoperative analgesia following major orthopedic surgery; however, postoperative nausea/vomiting (PONV) is a recognized limitation. The incidence of PONV following prophylactic aprepitant, a neurokinin-1 antagonist, was compared with prophylactic multimodal antiemetic therapy in patients receiving EREM for postoperative analgesia following unilateral ...

Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common complications of anaestnesia. This double-blind clinical trial assessed the incidence of nausea and vomiting after cataract surgery with intravenous anaesthesia in 100 patients randomly assigned to preinduction placebo (saline), metoclopramide (10 mg), dexamethasone (8 mg) or the 2 drugs combined. The incidence of nausea ...

Postoperative delirium in older patients results in worse outcomes and increased costs. The prevalence and predictors of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery are not clear. To determine the prevalence and predictors of postoperative delirium in older patients after major colorectal surgery. Patients older than 50 years, without ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To examine whether prophylactic use of haloperidol in addition to dexamethasone decreased the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. METHODS: One hundred and sixty nonsmoking women aged between 18 and 50 years receiving a standardized anaesthesia, which included dexamethasone 8 mg ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of ultrarapidly infused vs rapidly infused intravenous (IV) hydration in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis and moderate dehydration. METHODS: Patients 3 to 36 months, with vomiting and/or diarrhea and moderate dehydration, were eligible. Subjects were randomly assigned "ultra" (50 ...

The purpose of this study was to determine if giving 50 mg of meclizine the night before and on the day of surgery would effectively reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) for the entire 24 hours after surgery in patients identified as being at high risk for PONV Subjects were ...

In a prospective randomized double-blind study, we compared the effectiveness of dexamethasone 8 mg with either granisetron 1 mg or ondansetron 4 mg in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Hundred ASA I and II patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery were enrolled in the ...

PURPOSE: A prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a single preoperative dose of dexamethasone, in different dosages, in providing postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). METHOD: The study included 55 patients randomly divided into three groups. Patients in Groups P, ...

To compare the safety and tolerability of switching patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease from donepezil to either rivastigmine capsule or transdermal patch. Three studies investigated the switch from donepezil to rivastigmine; study US13 was a 26-week, single-arm, immediate-switch study; US18 was a 26-week, sequential cohort study (both studies evaluated rivastigmine ...

Prophylaxis of PONV (postoperative nausea and vomiting) is important for maxillofacial surgery. Vomiting is particularly unpleasant for the patient and undesirable as it may be detrimental to the operative area. The aim of this study is to compare the incidence of PONV after propofol with that after isoflurane anesthesia. 84 ...

PURPOSE: Gastrointestinal side effects can often complicate radiotherapy (RT) in cancer patients. This work presents results of a retrospective open label study aiming to evaluate the optimum prophylactic treatment for nausea and vomiting in patients receiving fractionated radical or palliative RT. METHODS: 576 cancer patients were allocated in 5 treatment ...

This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of prophylactic dexamethasone and postintubation dexamethasone in reducing the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat (POST). This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. The study population consisted of 70 patients between 20 and 60 years old who were classified as ...