The potential for aberrant anatomy in the neck should be respected in order to avoid unexpected and potentially devastating injury during surgical and other procedures. Anatomic variations involving the internal carotid artery are believed to exist in as much as 6% of the population. We describe a case of a ...

Introduction: Nourishment for the brain, a highly vascular organ, is derived from a unique structure called the 'circle of Willis', which is formed by the terminal branches of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and basilar arteries (BAs). The circle of Willis forms an anastomotic link between the carotid and vertebrobasilar ...

Competition flow is a common finding in arterial grafting. This phenomenon can lead to graft occlusion. Internal thoracic arteries are the best equipped arterial conduit to withstand the competition flow thanks to their endothelial function. Radial as well as right gastroepiploic arteries support much less flow competition because of their ...

ABSTRACT: Reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite play a significant role in burn and smoke inhalation injury. The bronchial circulation increases more than 10-fold in response to this combination injury. We hypothesized that direct delivery of low dose WW-85, a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, into the bronchial artery would attenuate burn ...

Abstract Angiostrongylus felineus n. sp. (Nematoda, Metastrongyloidea), parasitic in Puma (Herpailurus) yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroy, 1803) (Carnivora, Felidae) from the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, is described and illustrated herein. Angiostrongylus felineus n. sp. differs from all congeneric species by having the anterior extremity with accentuated cuticular ...

Ever since the discovery of the first indigenous case in 1981, paragonimiasis has gained recognition as a significant food borne parasitic zoonosis in India. The data available on the occurrence of paragonimiasis, until today, may be just the tip of an iceberg as the study areas covered were restricted to ...

PURPOSE: To compare arterial stiffness between those with spinal cord injury (SCI) and able bodied (AB) individuals when matched for habitual level of physical activity. METHODS: A total of 17 SCI and 17 AB were matched for sex, age, weight, blood pressure and levels of self reported habitual physical activity ...

Abstract  Risk factors for aortic dissection include: hypertension, connective tissue disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and severe physical and emotional stress. Although dissection associated with extreme physical activity has been reported, to date, there have been no reports in the literature to our knowledge of acute dissection and recurrence both ...

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard to diagnose intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) but is invasive. Existing magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is suboptimal for assessing the hemodynamics of AVMs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of a novel noncontrast four-dimensional (4D) dynamic MRA (dMRA) ...

We present the case of a man with severe aortic stenosis in whom diagnosis was established by evaluating the transvalvular gradient from the right parasternal view, since classical measurements from the apical five-chamber view were discordant with the indexed aortic valve area obtained in the short-axis view.

In this case, we report a 43-year-old African-American woman who presented with acute vision loss of the left eye. The patient was found to have central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Clinical examination showed characteristic physical findings of severe mitral stenosis. Echoardiographic findings confirmed the diagnosis. Laboratory testing was negative for ...

We describe an alternative technique through median sternotomy to perform total arch replacement for an extended distal arch aneurysm. After initiating cardiopulmonary bypass, the left pleura is opened widely from the aortic arch to the diaphragm and the left lung is mobilized to the right side with the heart. The ...

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in the neck are rare, and are most frequently caused by internal jugular catheter placement or penetrating trauma. Diagnosis can be missed when pathognomonic physical exam findings are absent, and heart failure can develop late when AVFs go unrepaired. We present what we believe to be the ...

Fatal thromboembolism during physical restraint in patients suffering from psychotic disorders is a very rare occurrence. In the case we present here, the criteria used in forensic pathology for the age determination of venous thrombi are applied to a case of pulmonary embolism in a patient suffering from schizophrenia who ...

A 61-year-old man without a Marfan-like phenotype was admitted to the hospital because of acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. The patient underwent surgical repair with total arch replacement. Histological examination of the excised aorta showed a connective tissue abnormality, which could have contributed to the development of aortic dissection. ...

The SNP (rs2230500) in PRKCH (the gene encoding protein kinase C η) is associated with ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage in the Chinese population, but the molecular mechanisms are not clear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between the SNP and atherosclerosis that is common ...

We describe our innovative technique for performing segmentectomy of the posterior segment of the lower lobe of the lung, being segment number 10 (S(10)). In segmentectomy of S(10), it is difficult to identify A(10) from the interlobar fissure because the pulmonary artery to S(10) (A(10)) branches from A(9+10) and runs ...

The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to assess vascular repair modalities and function in type IV ring finger replantations. Thirty-seven of 43 patients with complete ring avulsion amputations were replanted. After resection of the damaged arterial segments under microscopic magnification the arterial flow pattern was evaluated. The type ...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypoplasia is a common cause of neonatal death. OBJECTIVE: To describe the correlation between relative fetal lung volume (RFLV) and lung-to-head ratio (LHR) in fetuses with unilateral diaphragmatic hernia. Additionally, to describe identification of the ipsilateral lung cap by power Doppler. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-institution study of consecutive ...

To establish a model of cynolaryngeal transplantation. Ten beagles, matched for weight (8-10 kg) were divided into five groups for allotransplantation. The vascular circulation was managed with an end-to-end or end-to-lateral anastomosis of allograft bilateral common carotid arteries to recipient bilateral common carotid arteries, and bilateral external jugular veins. The ...

Cold agglutinin disease is an uncommon condition characterized by hemagglutination and microvascular thrombosis of red blood cells at low temperatures during cardiopulmonary bypass. We report the rare case of an ambulatory 74-year-old woman with a relatively high thermal amplitude for antibody activation. We performed aortic arch repair for type A ...

An increase in oxygen tension is an important factor in decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at birth. Birth asphyxia results in acidosis and increased PVR. We determined the effect of resuscitation with 21 vs. 100% O(2) on pulmonary hemodynamics, pulmonary arterial (PA) reactivity, and oxidant stress in a lamb model ...

We report a 58-year-old man who had a multi-lobulated pseudomyxomatous lesion in his ascending aorta 6 months after his root and ascending aorta was replaced by a Dacron graft.

Cold-stored arteries are biomaterials that potentially represent an abundant "off-the-shelf" source of vascular grafts for use in vascular surgery. One of the keys to re-establishing the antithrombogenic EC lining of cold-stored arterial grafts is to maximize the number of EC that attach following seeding. In this study, the cold-stored sheep ...

Objective: The mechanisms underlying the unequal distribution of atherosclerotic disease in the peripheral arteries are currently unclear. Gene expression differences in healthy arteries may influence the heterogeneous distribution of atherosclerosis. Therefore, this investigation compares gene expression in healthy atheroprotected brachial and atherosusceptible femoral arteries of young and disease free Rapacz ...

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Arterial bleeding from the major duodenal papilla is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of endoscopic sphincterotomy. We investigated the arterial blood supply of the papilla to determine whether there might be a safer region for sphincterotomy. Arteries supplying the major duodenal papilla were studied in 19 cadaver pancreaticoduodenal specimens ...

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a medical and social problem, particularly in developing countries. Early diagnosis and treatment is important. Chest radiography is usually the first diagnostic tool when there is a suspicion of pulmonary TB. A computed tomography (CT) scan provides more accurate information on the extent and distribution of ...

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a treatment strategy to relieve the symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD). Based on determining the long term outcome of CABG using SF-36 Health Related Quality Of Life (HRQOL) questionnaire, the present study was conducted in our center to determine the CABG results one-year ...

: To determine the normal anatomical features and variations of the bronchial arterial system and to determine the relationship among ectopic bronchial arteries, location (right-left) of the bronchial arteries, and variations of the aortic arch in patients as well as the sex of the patients who underwent multidetector computed tomographic ...

A previously undescribed anatomical variant is reported here, that of vermian arteries (vAs) branched from the vertebral arteries (VAs) and replacing the medial branches of the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICAs) that, in turn, were leaving the basilar artery. Both vAs left the VAs in the foramen magnum. The left ...

Background: This study aimed to evaluate untreated, previous pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) in patients with acute fatal PE. Patients and Methods: We studied 64 patients diagnosed to have died from acute PE by medico-legal autopsy. Previous PE was histologically confirmed on the basis of organized thrombi (OT). The distributions of OT ...

PURPOSE: This study retrospectively evaluated the prevalence of anatomical coronary artery variants and congenital anomalies in 3,236 patients imaged with 64-slice computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of 4 years, 3,236 patients underwent CT coronary angiography performed with the standard protocol. We assessed coronary artery dominance, presence ...

Intracranial aneurysms are polymorphic focal arterial dilations, which harbor a variable risk of rupture leading to high morbidity and mortality. Increased detection of incidental aneurysms by non-invasive imaging has created a need for rupture risk stratification tools, in addition to simple aneurysm size, to guide optimal treatment strategy. To this ...

To describe the frequency of cervical arterial abnormalities in children with acute arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), to examine predictors of this, and to characterize observed abnormalities in terms of specific diagnoses. Review of case notes of children with AIS (2002-2009) and analysis of their neuroimaging for infarct location and presence, ...

We report our experience of long-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) support to resuscitate a 62-year-old man who had critical three-vessel disease of coronary artery complicating intractable hibernating myocardium (HM) and sudden cardiogenic shock. Intra-aortic balloon pump and ECMO were deployed to restore the circulatory support while emergent revascularization surgery was ...

We evaluated the relationship between distribution of lesions in coronary tree and atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS). Data collected prospectively on 500 consecutive patients who underwent simultaneous renal angiography following coronary angiography. Overall prevalence of RAS was 26.2% (131 patients). Significant (≥50% luminal diameter stenosis) RAS was present in 70 ...

Utilizing micro-computed tomography images, the hierarchical structure, interbranch segment lengths and diameters of a hepatic artery, a portal vein, and two biliary trees from intact rat liver lobes were characterized. The data were investigated by analyzing the geometric properties of the vascular structures, such as how interbranch segment diameters change ...

SYNTAX study compares outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting with percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with 3-vessel and/or left main disease. Complexity of coronary artery disease was quantified by the SYNTAX score, which combines anatomic characteristics of each significant lesion. This study aims to clarify whether SYNTAX score affects the ...

Several classification systems for coronary artery bifurcation lesions (CABL) have been described in the literature, but despite the commendable effort to simplify a difficult subject in interventional cardiology, all of them have certain limitations and shortcomings. The proposed Descriptive, INtelligible and Ordered (DINO) is a new descriptive and clinically oriented ...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and the main toxicants found in cigarettes. Women are often exposed to PAHs before pregnancy, typically via prepregnancy smoking. To determine how prepregnancy exposure affects the fetoplacental vasculature of the placenta, we exposed female mice to PAHs before conception, perfused the fetoplacental ...

A 45-year-old woman underwent a bronchoscopy shortly after lung transplantation. The airway mucosal appearance significantly differed between both lungs, with a pale aspect of the left bronchial tree. Computed tomography (CT) and perfusion scan confirmed a left pulmonary artery stenosis, improving with conservative treatment.

An estimated 300,000 to 500,000 patients develop a pleural effusion secondary to pulmonary embolism each year in the United States. The pleural effusions due to pulmonary embolism are usually small. They occupy less than one third of the hemithorax in 90% and are frequently manifest only as blunting of the ...

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is correlated with aortic calcification (AC) and predicts coronary atherosclerosis as well as obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD). This study aims to investigate whether AC predicts OCAD independent of CAC and its incremental value in predicting OCAD with CAC. Among the consecutive patients who underwent 64-slice ...

Cranial arterial patterns are commonly used for determining phylogenetic patterns in extant taxa and have often been used in studies investigating the relationships among fossil taxa. In primitive eutherians, the stapedial artery provided blood to the meninges, orbits, and certain regions of the face. In many modern mammals, however, blood ...

Background.?Accumulating evidence implicates leukocyte telomere length (LTL) shortening as a potential risk predictor for cardiovascular disease. Arterial stiffness chronicles the cumulative burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Therefore, the capacity of LTL to predict arterial stiffness was examined. Methods.?A total of 275 unrelated Chinese males: 163 patients with coronary artery ...

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA₂) is at the crossroads of lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response. It is produced by inflammatory cells, bound to LDL and other lipoproteins, and once in the arterial wall facilitates hydrolysis of phospholipids. Elevated serum levels of Lp-PLA₂ have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in ...

Cholesterol crystal embolization (CCE) can result in end-organ ischemia. Retrospective review of clinicopathologic data. The first patient was anticoagulated with coumadin for chronic atrial fibrillation and presented subacutely with a solid mass. The second patient suffered from coronary artery disease post-angioplasty/stenting and presented with acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cystification. CCE ...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the amount of urinary albumin concentration (UAC) or urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) is more strongly associated with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 199 consecutive patients [11 9(60%) male, 80 (40%) female, mean age =57±10] undergoing ...

Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring has been shown to be a measure of overall coronary artery disease (CAD) burden and is a well-validated screening test that significantly improves cardiovascular risk prediction in asymptomatic adults beyond that provided with standard risk factors. The absence of coronary artery calcification identifies persons at ...