PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to clarify the vascular relationships between the middle ear and the temporomandibular joint region during human fetal development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Light microscopic studies were done on 40 human fetuses from 72 mm crown-rump length (C-R) to 150 mm C-R, which were stained ...

Studies in adult patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty have demonstrated differences in measured activated clotting time (ACT) in venous vs. arterial blood samples. Ninety-two patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization were prospectively evaluated to compare venous vs. arterial ACT values in monitoring heparin effect in this population. Simultaneous ...

Objective. In order to prevent the last stages of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs, a case-control study was performed to identify and quantify demographic and clinical risk factors for venous ulcer disease. A particular attention was given to history of superficial as well as deep vein thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the cause of the visual dysfunction and effect of treatment on dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVMs) that secondarily involve the occipital lobe. BACKGROUND: DAVMs are an infrequent cause of visual dysfunction that should be amenable to treatment if diagnosed before permanent visual field loss. METHODS: The records of ...

In order to facilitate the introduction and assessment of Injectio Radix Ginseng Compositae in normothermic reperfusion model, a simplified delivery circuit is described herein. The circuit added mainly a venous reservoir collecting Injectio Radix Ginseng Compositae with cardiopulmonary bypass. Injectio Radix Ginseng Compositae was pumped into the ascending aorta of ...

Knowledge of development is of crucial importance and can help clarify mechanisms of maldevelopment, but it must be properly validated. Concepts of development must be consistent with the anatomy seen in postnatal life. Such consistency is not always achieved. We have reviewed new and old accounts of cardiac embryology with ...

In abdominal cutaneous island flaps of rats (n = 16), either the artery or the vein was clamped, while flap perfusion was simultaneously monitored with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and photoplethysmography (PPG) to identify the occluded vessel responsible for insufficient perfusion. The LDF signal decreased promptly after arterial clamping. After ...

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the capability of a subsecond spiral-CT scanner using two contrast medium phases in staging of colorectal cancer. In our study we included 37 patients with proven rectum or colon carcinoma. Spiral CT was performed following tap-water enema of the colon in the ...

In adult cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, vacuum assisted venous drainage has become a popular technique to augment venous return to the bypass circuit. The application of this technique in neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass surgery could be beneficial to the further miniaturization of neonatal circuitry by coupling radical respositioning of the oxygenator and ...

We tested in normal human subjects a less invasive method to obtain plasma input function required in the calculation of the brain serotonin synthesis rate measured with positron emission tomography (PET) and alpha-[11C]methyl-tryptophan (alpha-MTrp). The synthesis rates derived with the arterial input function were compared to those derived from venous ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess a management protocol for mixed arterial/venous leg ulcers in a community service. DESIGN: Two-year prospective study of outcome with intention of assessing limbs with mixed arterial/venous ulcers when managed by a new protocol. METHOD: Limbs were assessed for venous reflux by duplex and arterial insufficiency by ankle-brachial ...

Two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX) have been identified: a constitutive isoform (COX-1), found in abundance in platelets and the vascular endothelium, and an "inflammatory" cytokine-inducible isoform (COX-2). Because COX metabolites regulate vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) function and the interaction between the vessel and circulating components, we have investigated the ...

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of iliac venous spurs in left iliofemoral venous thrombosis and to report the results of interventional management of venous spurs after transfemoral venous thrombectomy. METHODS: From 1990 through 1996, 77 patients with acute iliac venous thrombosis (61 left and 16 right) underwent surgical treatment. Patients ...

Venous ulcers account for the majority of chronic lower extremity wounds. The cause of venous ulceration is not completely understood; however, risk factors, such as a history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and a family history of venous ulceration, have been identified. Venous ulceration is postulated to occur when fibrin ...

Venous ulcers are the most common form of leg ulcers and their incidence is increasing as the population ages. The diagnosis should be confirmed with tests for venous insufficiency and an assessment of arterial disease determined by a Doppler Ankle-Brachial ratio. The most important component of venous ulcer treatment is ...

The pathophysiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) has been obscure since the definition of this syndrome more than 30 years ago. Current hypotheses include migraine, seizure, or transient cerebral arterial ischaemia. However, none of these potential mechanisms explain both the absence of other neurological signs or symptoms during TGA, and ...

The present study describes a method for discriminating between the arterial and venous segments of blood vessels in mouse tissues and organs using alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) staining of ink/gelatin injected tissues. Anesthetized mice were injected through the left ventricle with blue ink/gelatin, and various organs and tissues were removed from ...

PURPOSE: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are acquired arteriovenous shunts located within the dura. The highly variable natural history and symptomatology of DAVFs range from subjective bruit to intracranial hemorrhage and are related to the lesion's pattern of venous drainage and its effect on the drainage of adjacent brain. We examined ...

Vasoactive compounds, including nitric oxide (NO) and hypertonic sodium, may diffuse from venous endothelial cells and blood to the arterial wall during intestinal absorption. This hypothesis was tested by measuring the perivascular NO concentration ([NO]) for paired small arteries and veins with NO-sensitive microelectrodes. Resting arterial and venous wall concentrations ...

As the extracardiac Fontan operation evolves, a reliable method for creating and subsequently closing communications between the systemic and pulmonary venous chambers would be useful. We describe a surgical technique for creating this "fenestration" and a complementary transcatheter technique that allows safe and reliable closure of these communications regardless of ...

For many years it was believed that disease within the deep venous system, such as a deep vein thrombosis or post-phlebitic limb, was the main cause of venous ulceration. There is, however, increasing awareness of the impact of both deep and superficial venous valvular incompetence and reflux on the aetiology ...

There are numerous reports of interstitial fluid (ISF) and coronary venous adenosine measurements in isolated perfused hearts. This study was designed to simultaneously compare ISF and coronary venous adenosine concentrations during various interventions in in vivo porcine myocardium. In anesthetized, open-chest pigs, ISF adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine were sampled with ...

We report the appearance of a cavernous malformation associated with a developmental venous anomaly in a young boy 3 years after radiation therapy for a posterior fossa medulloblastoma. The presence of a stenosis of the venous drainage of the anomaly led us to postulate that venous restrictive disease, induced by ...

Pulmonary embolism is responsible for approximately 150,000 to 200,000 deaths per year in the United States. Venous thromboembolism usually occurs as a complication in patients who are sick and hospitalized, but it may also affect ambulant and otherwise healthy individuals. Many patients who die from pulmonary embolism succumb suddenly or ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether venous blood gas values can replace arterial gas values in the initial emergency department evaluation of patients with suspected diabetic ketoacidosis. METHODS: This prospective comparison was performed in an adult university teaching hospital ED. Samples for arterial and venous blood gas analysis were obtained during ...

OBJECTIVE: The exact pathogenesis of peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) in meningiomas is still unknown. A number of different pathophysiological hypotheses have been considered. A detrimental effect of tumor-related venous obstruction has been suggested as one pathogenetic mechanism. We sought to characterize the significance of venous stasis in the development of ...

During free tissue transfer, an artery and one or two veins must be sutured. Either the artery or the vein can be repaired first, but the optimal order of vascular repair has not been established. Maintaining a clamp on a vessel is associated with vessel injury, and releasing the clamp ...

This article provides a practical approach to the clinical implications and importance of understanding the collateral venous anatomy of the thorax. Routine radiography, conventional venography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies provide correlative anatomic models for the demonstration of how interconnecting collateral vascular networks within the thorax ...

Abnormal venous valvular function may produce venous reflux and venous insufficiency. While valvular agenesis is a known, but rare cause of venous insufficiency. While valvular agenesis is a known, but rare cause of venous insufficiency, little work has been done on the relative number of greater saphenous vein (GSV) valves ...

Extrathoracic cardiopulmonary bypass is used in special situations when normal access to the right atrium and aorta is difficult or not practicable. Femero-femoral bypass using gravity drainage is effective for partial cardiopulmonary support, but cannot usually provide adequate venous drainage for full circulatory support. Kinetic assisted venous drainage (KAVD) is ...

A two-dimensional T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequence was used to image the rat brain before and during graded hypoxemia. Changes in R2* (deltaR2*) with respect to the control state were calculated for brain parenchyma and were compared with changes in hemoglobin saturation measured from both arterial and jugular venous blood samples. DeltaR2* ...

AIM: The aim of this study was to correlate the anatomical distribution of venous reflux with clinical symptoms and venous haemodynamics in patients with primary varicose veins. METHODS: Venous reflux was examined using duplex colour Doppler ultrasonography in 266 legs in 191 patients. The venous refilling and reflux times were ...

The Authors report an overview on the modern surgical treatment of peripheral lymphoedema. The aim of lymphatic microsurgical operations is to drain the lymph either toward the venous circulation (lympho-venous shunts) or the lymphatic collectors above the obstacle to the lymph flow, with the interposition of lymphatic or venous grafts ...

We report a case of putaminal haemorrhage from a venous cerebral angioma following thrombosis in a draining vein. The patient complained of numbness of the right side, followed by headache and aphasia. CT demonstrated an intracerebral haemorrhage due to thrombotic occlusion of a draining vein of the venous angioma. Carotid ...

A precise knowledge of the mode of opening of the vv. on the anterior wall of the right ventricle, i.e., directly or by means of intramural venous sinuses in the right atrium, is of fundamental importance for cardiologic methods of examination and treatment. We dissected 32 hearts obtained from cadavers ...

OBJECTIVES: Either venous or arterial thrombosis is a potentially life-threatening event and existing diagnostic modalities are inadequate to diagnose and to determine the morphology of the evolving thrombus. Thus development of a noninvasive imaging agent that can detect clot location remains a critical and unmet need in nuclear diagnostic medicine. ...

We report a 29-year follow-up of a high-velocity superficial femoral vein injury sustained during the Vietnam War that was treated by emergent ligation. After years of suffering recurrent ulceration from chronic venous insufficiency, this patient underwent axillary vein valve transfer with improvement in his venous hypertension. Long-term follow-up of patients ...

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiologic mechanism of the skin pathology in chronic venous insufficiency is venous hypertension (VHTN). Microvascular dysfunction involving leukocytes has recently been proposed as the primary mediator of tissue damage from VHTN. We developed a rodent model allowing the investigation of the effects of acute VHTN on tissue leukocyte ...

Previously, the pressure changes after arterial and venous occlusion have been used to characterize the longitudinal distribution of pulmonary vascular resistance with respect to vascular compliance using compartmental models. However, the compartments have not been defined anatomically. Using video microscopy of the subpleural microcirculation, we have measured the flow changes ...

The morphology and mechanism of obstruction to the pulmonary venous pathway in patients following either Mustard or Senning repair of complete transposition was assessed using transoesophageal echocardiography. Seven patients underwent catheterization and complete transoesophageal study in both transverse and longitudinal planes, followed by balloon dilation of the obstructed venous pathway ...

Recurrent venous thrombotic and thromboembolic disease, once thought to be an uncommon entity, is increasingly being recognized. Etiologies of recurrent deep venous thrombosis usually include elements of Virchow's triad. Venous stasis (e.g., immobilization, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, obesity), hypercoagulability (e.g., malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, hyperhomocysteinemia, protein C resistance, ...

Percutaneous procedures by interventional radiologists are becoming an increasingly frequent part of the overall care of patients with complex venous thrombotic diseases. Inferior vena caval filters are used in the setting of failed or contraindicated anticoagulation. Catheter-directed thrombolysis is considered for patients with extensive iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis. Venous angioplasty ...

Although refinements in microvascular technique have resulted in great success with free tissue transfer, long-term anastomotic patency, particularly venous, is less predictable in patients with a history of intravenous drug abuse or other causes of intimal damage and/or venous hypertension. We report an unusual case in which an arteriovenous fistula ...

Traumatic amputation of the entire auricle is a rare occurrence. Management ideally consists of microvascular reconstruction of auricular arterial, venous, and nerve continuity. However, appropriately sized veins are often not available and venous drainage must be accomplished with leech therapy. In occasional cases where leeches are unavailable or cannot be ...

In order to compare activated clotting time (ACT) sampled from an arterial (heparin-flushed) line with the control, a venous (heparin-free) line, arterial and venous ACT values were assessed before and after cardiopulmonary bypass in 150 patients while undergoing open-heart surgery. ACT was measured by Hemochron 801 automatic analyzer. Baseline arterial ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the patency and hemodynamic impact of a cryopreserved allograft venous valve transplanted to the superficial femoral vein (SFV) of a canine insufficiency model aided by a distal arteriovenous fistula (dAVF). METHODS: Eight greyhounds had intravenous hemodynamic parameters measured (venous filling time [VFT], 90% of venous refilling time ...

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the feasibility of venous reconstructions with the superficial femoral-popliteal vein (SFPV). METHODS: Seven patients who underwent a variety of major venous reconstructions using SFPV were reviewed in a retrospective, observational study. RESULTS: Three central venous reconstructions (thoracic and abdominal) and four peripheral major venous reconstructions were performed ...

A total of 11 patients with Moyamoya disease who underwent digital subtraction angiography were studied with respect to the cerebral venous system. First, delayed venous filling and the divisional change of the superficial cerebral veins have been attributed to the development of collateral pathways in Moyamoya disease and may be ...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the long-term venous function of ligated, simple, and complex repairs and to assess long-term patency in repaired veins. DESIGN: A cohort study of patients with lower-extremity venous injuries treated during a 7-year period. SETTING: A level I urban trauma center. PATIENTS: Twenty-one of the 79 patients with ...

OBJECTIVE: Intimate to the application of lateral transtemporal approaches to the cranial base are the identification, manipulation, and/or the sacrifice of the venous anatomy of the inferolateral temporal lobe and the superior petrosal sinus and the transection of the tentorium. This study demonstrates the relationship and variability of the venous ...