We present the case of a 23-year-old African professional footballer who was admitted on April 1, 1999 to the Cardiology Department of the University Hospital in Magdeburg, on an emergency basis, from a regional lung clinic. According to the history, he was involved in a collision with an opposing player ...

Pulmonary fibrosis is a common feature of numerous lung disorders, including interstitial lung diseases, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Despite the prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis, the molecular mechanisms governing inflammatory and fibroproliferative aspects of the disorder are not clear. Adenosine is a purine-signaling nucleoside that is generated in excess ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in pulmonary function after high-dose radiotherapy (RT) for non-small-cell lung cancer in patients with a long-term disease-free survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Pulmonary function was measured in 34 patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer before RT and at 3 and 18 months of follow-up. Thirteen of ...

A 71-year-old man presented with hemoptysis due to chronic contained rupture of the descending thoracic aorta after sepsis by Escherichia coli complicated with transrectal biopsy of the prostate, and underwent urgent graft replacement. The aorta had an almost normal caliber and ruptured into the left lung without abscess. The perforated ...

A pulmonary mucinous cyst adenoma is rare and there has been no report of the recurrence. We report a case of a 56-year-old female who had recurrent pulmonary mucinous cystadenoma. She had previously received a partial resection of the lung for a pulmonary mucinous cystadenoma 20 years ago. On this ...

A stranded yearling male California sea lion was admitted to a rehabilitation center June 2003. On presentation, the sea lion was emaciated and had diarrhea and neutrophilia. Two weeks later, the animal became anorexic, blood and mucus were observed around the oral cavity, and corneal opacity was noted in the ...

Fiberoptic and rigid bronchoscopy are widely used diagnostic and therapeutic tools in pulmonary medicine. Investigators often neglect the bronchial variations; however, bronchial variations may have important implications for bronchoscopy, brachytherapy, pulmonary resections and intubations. It is accepted that anatomic variations of the airways are due to anomalies in the development ...

We present a case of unilateral lung transplantation in which a segment of the donor's descending aorta was used as a homograft for pulmonary artery augmentation in the donor lung. This technique can be used when the donor's lung artery has been cut at the base of the hilum during ...

RATIONALE: Mechanical ventilation with high VT (HVT) progressively leads to lung injury and decreased efficiency of gas exchange. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) directs blood flow to well-ventilated lung regions, preserving systemic oxygenation during pulmonary injury. Recent experimental studies have revealed an important role for leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis by 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) ...

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension, is characterized by extensive and diffuse occlusion of pulmonary veins by fibrous tissue. Although the diagnosis can be suspected by the presence of the classic clinical triad of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, radiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension and edema, and normal ...

Metabolic lung disease includes pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), pulmonary amyloidosis, metastatic pulmonary calcification, dendritic pulmonary ossification, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, and storage diseases. In pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, CT demonstrates air-space consolidation with thickened interlobular septa, producing the so-called "crazy paving" appearance. Pulmonary amyloidosis can appear as parenchymal nodules (nodular parenchymal form), ...

Metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) characterized by diffuse calcium deposition in the lungs is known to occur in patients with chronic renal failure. However, MPC with pulmonary artery calcification is uncommon and has only been detected in a few patients with severe disorders. A 48-year-old man with chronic renal failure had ...

Optimal lung preservation via flush of the pulmonary vasculature minimizes early graft failure post-lung transplantation. We hypothesized that the route of pulmonary flush has differential effects on thermal gradients in the lung and expression of inflammatory mediators. Swine underwent antegrade flush (AG) via pulmonary artery; AG/RG: antegrade + retrograde flush ...

Formation of the pulmonary vasculature has been described as occurring by outgrowth of existing vessels (angiogenesis), de novo formation of new vessels (vasculogenesis), or a combination of both processes. Uncertainty about the contribution of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis to pulmonary vascular formation is partly due to methodologic approaches. Evidence in favor ...

Chlorine is a widely used industrial chemical. Individuals can be exposed to chlorine through transportation accidents, industrial exposures or misuse of domestic cleaners. While most exposed individuals recover normal pulmonary function, chlorine can cause a variety of lung injuries including pulmonary edema, restrictive lung disease, and obstructive disease, including Reactive ...

One distinctive outcome of interstitial lung diseases in childhood is the abnormal accumulation of pulmonary extracellular matrix. The clinical consequence of such excessive connective tissue accumulation is known as pulmonary fibrosis. While numerous aspects of its pathogenesis have become familiar, many key events involved in its inception and progression still ...

BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) often present diagnostic challenges to both the clinician and pathologist. Surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is often pursued in the evaluation of ILD and the clinician uses the histopathologic conclusions to guide management. However, the agreement between general and pulmonary pathologists in histopathologic diagnosis of ILD ...

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a cause of severe neonatal respiratory distress. Overexpansion of the affected pulmonary lobe in the fetus is due to narrowing of the airway, with a resultant 'ball-valve' effect. At birth, there may be delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid. Early chest radiographs show opacification of ...

OBJECTIVE: Isolated lung perfusion (ILuP) is an experimental technique currently tested to increase the 5-year survival of 40% after surgical resection of pulmonary metastases from certain solid tumors. The standard technique of anterograde perfusion was compared with retrograde isolated lung perfusion in which the drug is introduced through the pulmonary ...

BACKGROUND: Severe degree of pulmonary vascular hypoplasia remains a major limitation in congenital heart surgery. Considering the potential effect of gene transfer with hepatocyte growth factor to induce the angiogenesis in the lung, we assessed the effects of hepatocyte growth factor gene transfer in neonatal porcine lung with pulmonary vascular ...

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is a congenital disorder with an incidence of 1 in 2500 live births. Respiratory distress of newborns with CDH is the result of pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Hypoplastic lungs are characterized by a decreased number of airways with smaller airspaces, whereas the combination of a ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Although lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been widely used as a therapeutic strategy for pulmonary emphysema, the procedure carries significant disadvantages, including significant operative mortality and a limited duration of effective response. Pulmonary resection is known to elicit compensatory growth in remnant lung tissues; however, it ...

From the earliest stage of lung development, there is an accompanying blood circulation. In the adult lung, the pulmonary arteries are closely associated with the airways. During early fetal development, the airways act as a template for pulmonary blood vessel development in that the vessels form by vasculogenesis around the ...

A 27-year-old man was admitted to hospital for investigation of haemoptysis. He was a serving member of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. A CXR showed absence of the right hilum, and the right hemithorax was smaller than the contralateral hemithorax. Pulmonary arteriography demonstrated complete absence of the right pulmonary artery. Right ...

Congenital lung abnormalities include a wide spectrum of conditions and are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children. This article discusses focal lung abnormalities and the dysmorphic lung. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations have been included at the end of the article. Anomalies affecting the pulmonary parenchyma, its ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the following during radiofrequency ablation (RFA): (1) the risk of hemorrhage from intrapulmonary large vessels; (2) the risk of incomplete ablation of pulmonary tumors; and (3) the late effect on lung tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 17-gauge, cool-tip-type radiofrequency electrode ...

Lung hypoplasia (LH) is a serious cause of neonatal compromise, but little is known of its functional effects on the pulmonary circulation. Our aim was to characterize birth-related changes in the pulmonary circulation of newborn lambs with LH and to compare them with alterations in respiratory function. LH was induced ...

Pulmonary congenital anomalies in animals are rare. Previously reported malformations include accessory lung formation, pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary agenesis, and various forms of hamartoma. Congenital bronchiolo-alveolar airway malformation, a new entity, is described in a 1-day-old male cynomolgus macaque. This neonate experienced breathing difficulties shortly after birth and died while therapy ...

INTRODUCTION: In living donor lung transplant, donor lobectomies from 2 donors provide right and left lower lobes for transplantation. In the past, routine evaluation of pulmonary anatomy was not performed preoperatively. Intraoperatively, surgeons were often forced to sacrifice the lingular artery or right middle lobe segmental artery to obtain an ...

Pulmonary artery sling is an unusual cause of respiratory distress in the neonatal period. Despite the use of conventional diagnostic tools such as ECHO or angiography, delineation of the course of the pulmonary artery and its relationship with the neighbouring bronchus may be difficult. We describe an infant with complete ...

Whole lung lavage is still the most effective treatment for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. We report a 21-year-old male diagnosed with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis by open lung biopsy and who underwent whole lung lavage with a modified technique. He showed significant improvement in clinical and functional parameters. The technique of intermittent ...

Volatile anesthetics are generally considered to possess a vasodilator action. Some of their actions on pulmonary vessels, however, are not clearly understood. We examined the effects of various volatile anesthetics on pulmonary vessels using an in situ rabbit isolated-lung perfusion model. We prepared a rabbit constant-flow lung-perfusion model by sending ...

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a major cause of refractory respiratory failure in the neonatal period and is characterized by persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and pulmonary hypoplasia. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) dysregulation may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of PPHN and ET-1 acts through binding to type ...

We report a case of traumatic hemopneumothorax caused by penetrating lung injury in a 26-year-old man. The patient underwent emergency thoractomy, which revealed hemorrhage in the lingular segment of the left lung. We found the bleeding point and controlled the hemorrhage using pulmonary tractotomy by inserting a linear stapler into ...

Some of the difficulties encountered during transbronchial lung biopsy through a flexible bronchofiberscope are due to anatomical reasons, namely the branching angles of some subsegmental bronchi from their mother bronchi are large, and differences in branching angles during respiration may also be large. This makes insertion of forceps difficult. We ...

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a clinical disorder characterized by abnormal vascular structure, growth, and reactivity. Disruption of vascular growth during early postnatal lung development impairs alveolarization, and newborns with lung hypoplasia often have severe pulmonary hypertension. To determine whether pulmonary hypertension can directly impair vascular growth ...

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to compare the thermal lesion volumes in normal pig lungs when radiofrequency (RF) ablation is performed with and without airway occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RF ablation was performed in six pigs. A straight 17-gauge internally cooled-tip electrode with a 2-cm exposed tip was inserted into ...

Hemoptysis is an uncommon presentation in children. It can be caused by several systemic and pulmonary disorders. Bleeding from an anomalous arterial supply to normal lung segments with no underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders was widely reported in adults but is extremely rare in the pediatric age group. Here we ...

F-18 FDG PET/CT has become a useful technique in the evaluation of pulmonary lesions. We present a case of markedly increased and diffuse pulmonary F-18 FDG activity in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). High rates of glucose utilization by the inflammatory cells involved in the pathogenesis of ...

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most serious form of acute hypoxic respiratory failure. ARDS represents the expression of an acute, diffuse, inflammatory process in the lungs consequent to a variety of infectious and noninfectious conditions. It is characterized pathologically by damage to pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells, ...

PURPOSE: In this study, the authors analyzed the effect of experimentally induced gastroschisis on pulmonary hypoplasia in fetal rabbits with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS: Twenty-three pregnant rabbits underwent fetal surgery on gestational day 24 through 27. A left diaphragmatic hernia was created in 1 fetus (DH group) from each ...

The current therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis, which is characterized by fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling, are unsatisfactory. Feitai, consisting of several herbs, is a folk formula for pulmonary tuberculosis therapy in China. To investigate the effects of Feitai on pulmonary fibrosis, Feitai was administered orally to bleomycin (BLM)-treated ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary capillary blood volume (Qc), a component of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco), is increased in postcapillary pulmonary hypertension due to valve disease, but is decreased in primitive and thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. This study was performed to evaluate which way pulmonary Qc is affected ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is defined as a group of diseases characterized by a progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and premature death. The purpose of this review is to analyze the current knowledge of the evaluation of PAH patients. RECENT FINDINGS: ...

AIMS: Coil protrusion into the left pulmonary artery (LPA) has been described after transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The possible impact of such a finding in lung perfusion has not been completely clarified. We evaluated Doppler flow velocities and lung perfusion in patients submitted to that procedure. ...

Studies in animal models have shown that, following lobectomy (LBX), there is compensatory growth in the remaining lung. The vascular growth response following right LBX (R-LBX) is poorly understood. To test the hypothesis that arterial growth and remodeling occur in response to LBX, in proportion to the amount of right ...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease characterized by raised pulmonary vascular resistance, thought to be curable only through lung transplantation. Pathophysiologically, proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells triggers pulmonary arterial stenosis and/or regurgitation, especially in advanced PH. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a rat model of advanced pulmonary ...

Aberrant vascular remodeling is a central hallmark for the development and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiologic alterations, however, are poorly understood. A recent phase II trial of interferon gamma-1b has demonstrated a trend toward a decrease in profibrotic and proangiogenic biologic markers, and upregulation of ...

BACKGROUND: Lung perfusion scintigraphy is considered the gold standard to assess differential pulmonary blood flow while magnetic resonance (MR) has been shown to be an accurate alternative in some studies. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to assess the accuracy of phase contrast magnetic resonance (PC-MR) in measuring pulmonary ...

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated a new simulation method for ultraselective transbronchial lung biopsy using the pulmonary artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A new method for enhanced virtual bronchoscopy using the pulmonary artery was developed for ultraselective transbronchial lung biopsy. In a volunteer study of healthy adults, three radiologists with different levels of ...