The architecture of the lung is discussed with special focus on lung parenchyma. The lung parenchyma is mainly comprised of numerous air-containing passages and intervening fine structures, corresponding to alveolar ductal lumens and alveoli, as well as alveolar septa and small pulmonary vessels occupying 10% of total parenchymal volume. The ...

BACKGROUND: The death rate from human diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) ranges from 50 to 80%, mainly due to the associated lung hypoplasia. To prevent these irreversible pathological and physical defects, the question of intrauterine surgical intervention arises. The histological changes of the lung tissue after inducement of a diaphragmatic hernia were ...

Rare diffuse infiltrative lung diseases are a challenge for clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists for at least three reasons: (a) their low incidence and prevalence hamper the acquisition of expertise and frequently the diagnosis is delayed; (b) therapeutic actions are mainly empirical and based on steroid use, and (c) pathogenetic events ...

We describe a patient with cystic fibrosis, end-stage lung disease, and secondary pulmonary hypertension in whom aerosolized iloprost was effective in lowering pulmonary artery pressure and improving functional status, thus proving successful as a bridge to lung transplantation. Inhaled iloprost may be an efficient and selective approach to treat pulmonary ...

The accuracy of scintigraphic evidence of perfusion defects, even when classified as 'high probability' by matching with ventilation techniques or thoracic roentenograms is unsatisfactory when used without a pre-test clinical evaluation of probability. Although unusual, a complete or near-complete unilateral absence of perfusion in a lung with normal perfusion controlaterally ...

OBJECTIVE: Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture is associated with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome and acute lung injury. Using a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, N(6)-(iminoethyl)-lysine (L-NIL), we explored the role of iNOS in the early pro-inflammatory signaling and acute lung injury in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. MATERIALS ...

Although many cases of sarcoidosis are self-limiting with spontaneous remission, uncontrolled pulmonary granulomatosis with fibrosis produces intolerable long-term respiratory symptoms in a minority of patients. Individuals with chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis require an alternative therapy to corticosteroidal treatment because of its insufficient effectiveness. Although many researchers have considered infection as the ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of prenatal power Doppler imaging of pulmonary arteries in congenital diaphragmatic hernia and to study its potential to predict outcome. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted. Forty-two cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (32 left and 10 right) without associated anomalies were analyzed. Qualitative evaluation ...

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital disorder, complicated by pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) and pulmonary hypertension. Hypoplastic lungs have fewer and smaller airspaces than normal, with thicker interalveolar septa; the adventitia and media of pulmonary arteries are thickened, and the total size of the pulmonary vascular bed is decreased compared ...

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is the result of single or recurrent pulmonary thromboemboli that are thought to develop into organized pulmonary arterial obstructions by recurrent embolism and in situ thrombosis. Radioisotopic ventilation-perfusion scanning (V/Q scan) is a safe and highly sensitive test for pulmonary thromboembolic disease. The aim was ...

The purpose of this study is to present the characteristic HRCT findings of the lung parenchyma in patients with proximal interruption of the right main pulmonary artery. HRCT findings of proximal interruption of the right pulmonary artery demonstrated reticular opacities, septal thickening, subpleural consolidation, cystic lung changes, and pleural thickening ...

Anatomically, the lung is characterised by a dual blood supply. The existence of a systemic bronchial arterial supply to the lung in addition to the pulmonary arteries was first described by Galen in the second century. From angiographic studies it is known that pulmonary lesions of different aetiologies are characterised ...

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) usually affects different organs or bones. Isolated pulmonary disease is rare in childhood. We report about a 6-year-old girl with progressive pulmonary insufficiency, onset of clubbing at 4 years of age and honeycombing lung infiltrations on X-ray films. The radiological suspicion of primary pulmonary LCH was ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to develop and describe a non-invasive scintigraphic technique to detect flow pulsatility in peripheral pulmonary arteries. METHODS: Ten normal volunteers were submitted to a first-pass scintigraphy using Tc macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA). A time-activity curve was generated for the right lung lateral third. Activity ...

Primary lung neoplasia is a rare condition of older cats. This report describes a case of left-sided pulmonary collapse, secondary to pulmonary adenocarcinoma in an 11-year-old cat. Left sided pneumonectomy was performed, and adjuvant chemotherapy with mitoxantrone (Novantrone; Lederle) was administered every 3 to 5 weeks, for 10 doses after ...

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is still a refractory disease, and patients deteriorate despite any treatment. We hypothesized that neovascularization in the lung could increase the volume of the vascular bed in the pulmonary circulation and thus reduce the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) might be a ...

We describe a patient wih subacute cor pulmonale caused by tumor emboli in the lungs. A 64-year-old female suffering from a subacute progressive cough and shortness of breathing died of severe pulmonary hypertension seven days after admission. Neither chest CT scans nor lung perfusion scintigraphy showed any abnormal findings. Microscopic ...

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The surgical removal of lung metastases is controversial: some authors have reported good results in terms of prognosis and disease-free interval in patients affected by multiple metastases. Recently, percutaneous hyperthermic tissue ablation (HTA) has been used under CT guidance in solitary peripheral pulmonary tumors attached or close ...

The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-system was examined in Rana esculenta lung with cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods. The results showed a cellular type that synthesizes the hormone and the presence of receptors in various components of the lung. The lung, therefore, produces ANP and at the same time is a target ...

The aim of this work was to optimize the absorption of parathyroid hormone 1-34 (PTH) from the lungs by determining factors favoring its transport from the air spaces into the bloodstream. We simultaneously conducted pharmacokinetic and regional lung deposition studies in vivo in the rat following intratracheal administration of PTH ...

BACKGROUND: The University of Wisconsin (UW) solution has been demonstrated to enhance pulmonary allograft preservation. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production has been shown to be significantly impaired after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. The present experiments aimed to determine the protective effects of pulmonary endothelium-dependent function by using supplemental NO ...

OBJECTIVE: The agreement between cardiac output measurements via pulmonary artery thermodilution (CO[PA]) and transpulmonary aortic thermodilution (CO[AT]) during one-lung ventilation was studied. DESIGN: Animal study with repeated simultaneous measurements comparing 2 cardiac output measurement techniques. SETTING: Experimental animal facility of a university department. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight female pigs (26-42 kg). INTERVENTIONS: ...

Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) is one of the myeloproliferative disorders, and is usually accompanied by extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in various organs, mainly in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Extramedullary hematopoiesis and/or leukemic transformation of EMH in the pleura is a rare occurrence and is usually asymptomatic. Pleural involvement is ...

This computer simulation study compared the ability of left ventricular coronary vein (LV) pacemaker leads against right ventricular (RV) and right atrial (RA) leads to monitor lung edema using electrical impedance measurements. MRI images were used to construct electrical models of the thorax. Four lead configurations were tested with increases ...

In chest surgery, stapling devices are primarily used to close bronchi. However, they are also used for dissection and suturing between lung lobes, resection and plication of lung tissue (including bullae), combined resection of the superior vena cava, closure of the pulmonary great vessels, closure of the left atrium following ...

The efficacy and outcome of pulmonary metastatectomy in the management of hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) secondary to metastatic osteosarcoma was retrospectively evaluated in four dogs. Metastatectomy was performed by subpleural enucleation, partial lung lobectomy or complete lung lobectomy through either a median sternotomy or thoracoscopically. Perioperative morbidity was minimal. Clinical signs ...

A 7-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was admitted to Equine Hospital, Korea Racing Association for evaluation and treatment of colic. Based on the size and duration of the large colonic and cecal impaction, a routine ventral midline celiotomy and large colon enterotomy were performed to relieve the impaction. Six days following surgery ...

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediated by an adenovirus vector might induce pulmonary artery angiogenesis in a lamb model of pulmonary artery hypoplasia. METHODS: Thirteen fetal lambs had left pulmonary artery banding at 106 days of gestation. Following birth, 3 groups were divided: ...

Symptomatic pulmonary artery stenosis is a relatively uncommon manifestation of aortoarteritis. We describe a patient of aortoarteritis with severe proximal right pulmonary artery stenosis who presented with dyspnea on exertion and central cyanosis. The pulmonary artery stenosis was successfully relieved by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty and implantation of a balloon-expandable ...

We measured arterial diameter as a function of generation number (#) in the arteriograms of six postmortem lung preparations from human infants aged 35 to 48 wks post-conceptional age (PCA). The log-log plot of mean diameter as a function of generation number revealed a linear decrease in mean and median ...

BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to document our experience with early recruitment of congenitally disconnected pulmonary arteries and to assess subsequent pulmonary artery growth and function. METHODS: Patients born in the 10-year period from 1989 to 1999 with a disconnected pulmonary artery diagnosed in infancy and treated in our unit were ...

BACKGROUND: The lung is the most common site for primary cancer worldwide as well as being a common site of metastases for various malignancies. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is rapidly evolving as a new minimally invasive tool for the treatment of pulmonary tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent ...

Lung resection is the standard therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer confined to the lung. The extent of pulmonary resection is dictated by the location and extent of the tumor and the patient's physiologic ability to tolerate resection. We present the case of a patient who had a large non-small-cell tumor ...

The patient was a 72-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with cholecystolithiasis and had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Since the postoperative pathologic diagnosis was a gallbladder cancer with a depth of wall penetration of subserosa, she was admitted to Kurume University Hospital for a second-look operation. After admission, abdominal angiography was ...

Mean survival after diagnosis of unresectable pulmonary metastases is less than one year. Isolated lung perfusion (ILP) is a technique that delivers chemotherapy into the pulmonary artery via a thoracotomy. Human trials are limited. We report an animal model for endovascular lung perfusion (ELP). Twelve swine were used. Treatment swine ...

As one approach to circumventing the dire shortage of human lungs for transplantation, a handful of investigators have begun to probe the possibility of pulmonary xenotransplantation. The immunologic and perhaps physiologic barriers encountered by these investigators are considerable and progress in pulmonary xenotransplantation has lagged behind progress in cardiac and ...

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a disorder of unknown origin that occurs rarely after lung transplantation. We identified a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis 66 days after undergoing single lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We based the diagnosis on the presence of amorphous clumps or globules of acellular and finely ...

BACKGROUND: The surgeon must use the results of preoperative computed tomography findings and scintigraphic studies to make a subjective decision during lung volume reduction surgery with regard to the best incision line. OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to develop an objective and real-time method of detecting areas of pulmonary emphysema by ...

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary lobectomy for lung cancer is a well-established and safe operation. This report serves to highlight an important complication and an underlying essential surgical principle when performing pulmonary resections, to avoid a potentially fatal outcome. METHODS: A case report is presented. We describe an unusual case of cardiac tamponade ...

OBJECTIVE: Lung damage is the most common cause of death in cystic fibrosis (CF). It is induced by bacterial colonization and inflammatory activity perpetuates its course. Autoantibodies directed against BPI (bactericidal permeability increasing protein), called BPI-ANCA, have recently been associated with cystic fibrosis. Here we confirm this association and evaluate ...

Scintigraphic evaluation of (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) in the lungs is considered to recognize endothelial cell lesions. The aim of this study was to clarify the involvement of the pulmonary microvascular injury in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: We investigated lung (123)I-MIBG kinetics and clinical indices in 25 ...

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative respiratory failure is a frequent and serious complication in patients with type A acute aortic dissection. Experimental evidence suggests that pulmonary artery perfusion using hypothermic protective solutions helps prevent lung injury. The aim of this pilot prospective study was to evaluate the effect of pulmonary artery flushing during ...

Findings on perfusion and ventilation imaging in a 24-year-old woman with anterior chest pain were consistent with pulmonary embolism involving the right lung. An astute physician raised the possibility of a thrombus occluding the right pulmonary artery, and subsequent spiral computed tomography confirmed the suspicion of an occluding thrombus at ...

AIM: Heparin-coated circuits have dramatic effects on the coagulation cascade, but their role on complement activation has not been clearly defined. In this clinical study the effect of heparin-coated circuits on static lung compliance and pulmonary vascular resistance is described. METHODS: Thirty patients were randomly divided into two groups: with ...

Bronchial varices, which have rarely been described in the radiology literature, can be the result of pulmonary venous obstruction and may present with hemoptysis. This case is an illustration of this rare condition, which correlates CT findings with bronchoscopic findings. We also describe the findings on phase-contrast MR that demonstrated ...

Spontaneous pneumothorax caused by pulmonary blebs and bullae was diagnosed in 12 dogs based on history, clinical examination, thoracic radiographs, surgical findings, and histopathological examination of resected pulmonary lesions. Radiographic evidence of blebs or bullae was seen in only one dog. None of the dogs responded to conservative treatment with ...

Blastomycosis was diagnosed in six nondomestic felids from eastern Tennessee, including two Asian lions (Panthera leo persicus), one African lion (Panthera leo), one Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris), one cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), and one snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, sneezing. ataxia, and paresis. Variable ...

There have been no previous reports of detailed macroscopic findings of the bronchial arteries, the nutrial vessels of the lungs. Also, previously, very little was known about the developmental processes of the bronchial arteries in rats and other laboratory animals. In the present study, we dissected bronchial arteries of adult ...

The objective of this autopsy-based study was to investigate the pathology of human blast lung injury using histology, Fat Red 7B staining, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy on lung specimens from eight medicolegal autopsy cases of fatal close-range detonations of chemical explosives. The micromorphologic equivalents of human blast lung injury ...

This case report describes total parenteral nutrition (TPN) -associated crystalline precipitates occluding the pulmonary artery branches in a Crohn's disease patient who survived. These precipitates caused focal vascular disruptions and alveolar granulomas. High-resolution CT (HRCT) scan demonstrated a diffuse ground-glass appearance. Pulmonary function tests showed severe ventilatory defects, arterial hypoxemia, ...