Throughout the past decade, a possible role of eosinophils in blood coagulation and thrombosis has been suggested. We conducted a Pubmed (MEDLINE) search of case and series referring to any kind of thrombotic events described in three conditions characterised by persistent blood eosinophilia i.e. the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), the Churg ...

Venous thromboembolism, presenting as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, is a major challenge for health care systems. It is the third most common vascular disease after coronary heart disease and stroke, and many hospitalized patients have at least one risk factor. In particular, patients undergoing hip or knee replacement ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA)-Lipiodol mixture in patients with bronchial artery aneurysm (BAA). From January 2005 to January 2010, five patients presenting hemoptysis with six BAAs were treated with NBCA-Lipiodol mixture, including intra-aneurysm embolization (IAE) in one ...

Quantification of coronary arterial stenoses is useful for the diagnosis of several coronary heart diseases. Being noninvasive, economical and informative, computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has become a common modality for monitoring disease status and treatment effects. Here, we present a new method for detecting and quantifying coronary arterial stenosis in ...

Transient cortical blindness (TCB) is reported as a rare complication of coronary and cerebral angiography. Angiography of the vertebral arteries carries the highest incidence of causing TCB. The etiology of this phenomenon is unknown. A 42-year-old woman underwent treatment for an enlarging pseudoaneurysm of her vertebral artery. The patient had ...

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of blood clots (thrombi) in the deep veins. It commonly affects the deep leg veins (such as the calf veins, femoral vein, or popliteal vein) or the deep veins of the pelvis. It is a potentially dangerous condition that can lead to preventable ...

Conotruncal anomalies are often associated with abnormal coronary arteries. Although bis-diamine is known to induce conotruncal defects, its pathological effects on coronary vascular development have not been demonstrated. This study sought to assess the teratogenic effects of bis-diamine on coronary vascular development and the pathogenesis of this anomalous association. A ...

BACKGROUND: Conotruncal anomalies are often associated with abnormal coronary arteries. Although bis-diamine is known to induce conotruncal defects, its pathological effects on coronary vascular development have not been demonstrated. This study sought to assess the teratogenic effects of bis-diamine on coronary vascular development and the pathogenesis of this anomalous association. ...

Vulnerability curves (VCs) measure the ability of vessels to retain metastable water without embolisms that lower the hydraulic conductivity of stems. The fastest method of measuring VCs is the centrifuge technique and the Cochard cavitron is a method that allows measurement of hydraulic conductivity of stems while they are spinning. ...

We report a case of a thrombotic common iliac lesion with concern for elevated risk of downstream embolization during intervention. In this case, a transradial approach enabled the novel, simultaneous deployment of two embolic protection devices, one in the internal iliac artery and the other in the common femoral artery, ...

We report a 76-year-old man who had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with arteriovenous shunting (AVS). Transcatheter chemoembolization (TACE) was selected as treatment because of poor pulmonary function. To prevent pulmonary embolism caused by the flow of embolic materials through the AVS, we performed embolization of the AVS with absolute ethanol under ...

Thrombotic and embolic vascular occlusion represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Currently available thrombectomy devices have limitations, including difficulty removing organized thrombus and clot fragmentation with distal embolization. A novel mechanical thrombectomy device (MTD), designed to remove both hard and soft thrombus without trauma to the blood vessel, ...

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of two different methods of proximal cystic artery embolization in patients undergoing yttrium-90 radioembolization. Forty-six patients had cystic artery embolization performed immediately before yttrium-90 radioembolization, either by using Gelfoam pledgets (n = 35) or coils (n = 11). Clinical symptomatology during the admission and angiographic findings at 1-month ...

The authors have applied the selective embolization of thyroid arteries in the treatment of voluminous cervicomediastinal goiters, especially in patients at high surgical risk or reluctant to undergo surgical intervention and radioiodine therapy. Method: Selective arteriography was used to embolize the thyroid arteries in 2 patients with voluminous hyperfunctioning cervicomediastinal ...

Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare but devastating condition associated with a very high rate of morbidity and mortality. The treatment has traditionally been aggressive supportive care. We report a case of a term pregnant woman with complete cardiovascular collapse secondary to a paradoxical amniotic fluid embolism. The embolism was ...

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are most often associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Untreated, they represent a serious threat due to paradoxical embolization that may manifest as stroke or brain abscess. PAVM treatment is challenging even in the most experienced hands. CONCLUSION: Fortunately, new tools and techniques are emerging that ...

To assess the extended effects of transcatheter arterial embolization with iodized oil and gelatin sponge on liver histopathologic changes in radiofrequency (RF)-ablated zones and the surrounding liver parenchyma in a pig model. Eighteen consecutive pigs subjected to 36 RF applications performed immediately after segmental embolization with iodized oil and gelatin ...

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is used to treat a variety of disorders. It is a safe treatment modality, but rare catastrophic complications may occur. In this case report, we describe the occurrence of irreversible spastic quadriparesis in a patient who suffered a cerebral arterial gas embolism (CAGE) during decompression from ...

Onyx HD-500 is a liquid embolic agent consisting of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and mixed with tantalum. This viscous embolic agent was designed to treat intracranial side wall aneurysms, but there have been no prospective published series from the United States. From this early experience, we developed ...

Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare lesions that occur more commonly in the first and second decades of life. In children, a juxtaepiphyseal location is associated with increased risk of growth plate damage, skeletal deformity, and recurrence. Different treatments have been reported for the management of aneurysmal bone cysts, including surgical ...

To investigate in a porcine experimental model the effectiveness, tissue penetration, and histologic impact of renal artery embolization with a collagen-based nonadhesive embolic agent, marsembol. Fifteen pigs underwent embolization of one interlobular artery of the renal artery with collagen-resorcinol gel emulsified with Lipiodol and further polymerized with glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde mixture. Angiograms ...

We report an unusual case of impending paradoxical embolization in a 69-year-old woman heterozygote carrier of factor V Leiden mutation. The patient presented to the emergency room with the clinical scenario of massive pulmonary embolism. Serial echocardiographic examinations revealed a large thrombus in the right atrium floating via a patent ...

Paradoxical embolism accounts for 2% of patients who present with acute arterial embolism of extremities. We report a case of a 41 year-old male with hereditary spherocytosis who presented to the emergency department with acute limb ischaemia and pulmonary embolism. On further evaluation, he was found to have patent foramen ...

This case report describes a lady who underwent investigations as a part of a clinical study. A 32-year-old woman with a history of episodes of severe migraine with aura, deep vein thrombosis and recurrent epistaxis, presented with two episodes of stroke with no particular cause evident on routine investigations. A ...

Indwelling pacemaker or defibrillator leads are often extracted with use of a cutting laser sheath. We report embolization of a tined pacemaker lead tip into the azygous vein, with the use of a distal embolization protection device to retrieve the fragment. Creative and non-traditional use of a filter-based device may ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of renal artery embolization with small and narrowly calibrated microparticles on the coagulation diameter, volume, and shape of radiofrequency ablations (RFAs) in porcine kidneys. Forty-eight RFAs were performed in 24 kidneys of 12 pigs. In 6 animals, bilateral renal artery ...

PURPOSE: The latest-generation Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP), the AVP 4, is designed for embolization of smaller vessels without a sheath or guiding catheter. This study evaluated the AVP 4 in peripheral vascular embolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Embolization with the AVP 4 was attempted in 13 patients (11 men) for trauma ...

Lumbar arterial injury after trauma is a rare cause of significant retroperitoneal haemorrhage. Early diagnosis followed by endovascular transcatheter embolization is a very effective treatment to control bleeding in patients who do not respond to conservative management. We present a case of post traumatic avulsion of left fourth lumbar artery ...

Neonates presenting with intractable cardiac failure due to vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) rapidly progress to multisystem organ failure and death if left untreated. Currently the only viable treatment option is endovascular embolization. Although intracranial embolization of a neonate is a high-risk procedure, successful treatment can reverse cardiac failure ...

Angiographic demonstration of the meningeal branch of the posterior cerebral artery, or the artery of Davidoff and Schechter, is extremely rare. The authors describe a case of successful selective catheterization and embolization of a pathologically enlarged artery of Davidoff and Schechter, permitting successful preoperative devascularization of a large falcine meningioma.

Embolic agents are used in vascular interventional radiology to occlude arteries under pathological conditions. The present study was performed to investigate the material properties of two microspherical embolic agents (MSEAs), tris-acryl gelatin microspheres (TGMS) and superabsorbent polymer microsphere (SAP-MS), using a loading-unloading compression test. The results demonstrated that for both ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a rare and life-threatening complication. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the utility of emergency embolization for treatment of ruptured HCC following TACE. METHODOLOGY: Five patients developed rupture of tumor after TACE in 1005 patients ...

To characterize the histologic range of alterations due to uterine artery embolization with trisacryl gelatin microspheres in gynecologic specimens containing leiomyomas in detail, we report our clinicopathologic experience with 26 cases (longest postuterine artery embolization interval, 1.9 yr). Microspheres were observed in 85% of cases and could be seen up ...

This study was designed to assess the safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with n-butyl cyanoacrylate-lipiodol (NBCA-Lp) for the large bowel and to investigate the vital response to NBCA-Lp in a swine model. In nine swine, nine arteries nourishing the colon were embolized with NBCA-Lp (1 ml of NBCA mixed ...

Therapeutic embolization is defined as the voluntary occlusion of one or several vessels, and this is achieved by inserting material into the lumen to obtain transient or permanent thrombosis in the downstream vascular bed. There are a number of indications for this approach in urological practice, in particular for the ...

The Cavitron spinning technique is used to construct xylem embolism vulnerability curves (VCs), but its reliability has been questioned for species with long vessels. This technique generates two types of VC: sigmoid 's'-shaped and exponential, levelling-off 'r'-shaped curves. We tested the hypothesis that 'r'-shaped VCs were anomalous and caused by ...

Patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may present with hemorrhage. Eight arterial embolization procedures were performed to treat five upper GI lesions and one ileal metastatic RCC lesion in five patients with GI bleeding. Control of GI hemorrhage for at least 30 days was achieved ...

With the increased use of percutaneous intravascular diagnostic and therapeutic devices, there is potential for embolization of materials introduced into the vasculature. We report nine cases of foreign body emboli in patients who underwent vascular procedures using hydrophilic-coated medical devices. The procedures performed included cardiac catheterization (four cases), diagnostic cerebral ...

OBJECTIVE: To report an operative technique using 2 microcatheters placed in different arterial pedicles for Onyx (ev3 Neurovascular, Inc, Irvine, CA) embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). TECHNIQUE: Two cases illustrate this approach to embolization of AVMs. Microcatheters are placed in 2 different arterial pedicles of the AVM. Subsequently, the ...

Transcatheter arterial embolization is a minimally invasive intervention developed from diagnostic angiography. The evolution of endovascular techniques, including arterial embolization and the use of occlusion balloons, has established a role for the interventional radiologist in the setting of uncontrolled postpartum hemorrhage. Arterial embolization of the uterine arteries as an alternative ...

Iatrogenic gas embolism is a rare but serious problem that has been documented in almost all medical specialties including gynecology. We present a 49-year-old woman undergoing operative hysteroscopy and myomectomy, who sustained sudden hypotension and decrease in the end-tidal carbon dioxid levels during the procedure. Systemic gas embolism was confirmed ...

INTRODUCTION: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare in the oral and maxillofacial regions. DISCUSSION: AVMs may induce severe complications such as uncontrollable bleeding. Superselective intra-arterial embolization is an effective method for this bleeding that is refractory to conservative treatment. Arterial embolization may cause ischemic complications. We report the case of a ...

Distal embolization is a well-recognized complication during lower extremity revascularization procedures. Preliminary work has shown safety and feasibility of the use of embolic protection devices in this vascular territory. While many interventionalists believe that this technology offers a clear benefit for infrainguinal use based on the clinical safety data seen ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate hepatic arterial patency after serial bland particle embolization procedures in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with HCC who underwent five or more hepatic artery bland embolization procedures with permanent particulate and spherical embolic agents between September 1996 and December 2007 were retrospectively ...

An increasing number of patients are being referred for PFO closure for prevention of recurrent paradoxical embolism. Diagnosis is usually made using hand agitated echo bubble contrast with transthoracic or transesophageal echo. It is inevitable that some of these patients will have pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae (PAVF), either with or without ...

Fragmentation and embolization of permanent pacemaker (PPM) leads into the pulmonary circulation is a rare complication of lead extraction procedures. We present two cases of lead tip embolization in patients undergoing lead extraction. The literature pertaining to the incidence and management of lead fragmentation and embolization is discussed.

Acute embolism of the upper extremity is a relatively infrequent event compared to the lower extremity, but it will affect the function of the limb involved and may occasionally lead to amputation. Most upper extremity emboli are of cardiac origin, with the remainder arising from subclavian aneurysm, occlusive disease, or ...

Preoperative transarterial embolization of head and neck paragangliomas using particulate agents has proven beneficial for decreasing intraoperative blood loss. However, the procedure is often incomplete owing to extensive vascular structure and arteriovenous shunts. We report our experience with embolization of these lesions by means of direct puncture and intratumoral injection ...

Cerebral lipiodol embolism (CLE) is an extremely rare complication of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The authors present a case of CLE that occurred after the second hepatic arterial chemoembolization for HCC, and attempt to introduce several plausible mechanisms of CLE, after reporting the clinical and radiological findings ...

We report the case of a 31-year-old woman who suffered lipiduria after selective transcatheter arterial embolization for renal angiomyolipoma (AML). Computed tomography confirmed cystic liquefactive necrosis with fat-fluid level in AML. Although the process by which AML fat tissue excretion occurs is not clear, we speculated that the infarcted AML ...