OBJECTIVES: To estimate what factors are associated with a failed pelvic arterial embolization for postpartum hemorrhage and to attempt to estimate efficacy of pelvic arterial embolization in rare conditions. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study including all consecutive women who underwent pelvic arterial embolization trial for postpartum hemorrhage between ...

Complications of embolization and chemoembolization remain a problem even with the development of low-profile catheter material and the introduction of new embolization agents. In recent years many new embolization materials have become available for clinical use, so the possibilities and limitations of these new materials must be understood to allow ...

A novel treatment approach to Graves' disease (GD), embolization of the thyroid gland arteries, is evaluated with respect to its indications and adverse effects. We describe an exacerbation of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) following thyroid artery embolization in a woman with GD and mild stable TAO (NOSPECS classification, class I ...

Epistaxis is a common condition that can be managed conservatively in most cases. When these measures, including anterior and posterior packing of the nasal cavity, are unsuccessful at controlling the bleeding, interruption of the blood supply to the sinonasal area can be performed, either by surgical ligation or by transarterial ...

A 54-year-old male presented with haemoptysis. Bronchial arteriography revealed a bent, meandering and dilated bronchial artery with vascular hyperplasia in multiple locations. The patient was diagnosed as having primary racemose haemangioma of the bronchial artery. Using a microcatheter, TorconNB (5 Fr) and Progreat (2.7 Fr), selective gelfoam embolization of the ...

We report the preparation of an embolic agent based on specific association of an acrylic copolymer with dedicated particles formulated in ethanol. The copolymers were synthesized by radical polymerization of tertiobutylacrylamide (tBA) and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA). Influences of the monomers composition, molecular weight and copolymer concentration have been evaluated on ...

Paradoxical embolism is a rare event, accounting for < 2% of all arterial emboli. The diagnosis is often difficult, and consequences for the patient can be severe. We describe the case of a 35-year-old female physician who presented to our Emergency Department (ED) in severe hemodynamic compromise, with an altered ...

Cavernous malformations (CMs) or hemangiomas arising from within the dural sinuses are rare entities that differ from their parenchymal counterparts in that they are highly vascular lesions. While parenchymal CMs are typically angiographically occult, intrasinus malformations may have large, dural-based arterial feeding vessels that are amenable to preoperative embolization. The ...

PURPOSE: To determine whether the effectiveness of arterial embolization in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is related to the visualization of contrast medium extravasation at angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transcatheter embolization was performed in 108 patients who experienced acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage during a 5-year period. Patient charts were ...

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been recognized as mediator of paradoxical embolism. Concurrent multisite paradoxical embolization is a quite rarely reported occurrence. We present a case of multisite paradoxical embolism (pulmonary, cerebral, upper limb) mediated by a large right-to-left shunt mediated by a PFO with associated a redundant Eustachian valve, ...

Symptomatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver can usually be treated safely with liver resection. However, in those patients in whom resection is not possible because of the location or size of the tumor or other patient factors, selective arterial embolization should be considered. Herein, the authors describe the ...

The incidence of haemarthrosis as a result of a spontaneous periarticular aneurysm in haemophilia is very low. In these circumstances, angiographic embolization might be considered as a promising therapeutic and coagulation factor saving option in joint bleeds not responding to replacement of coagulation factor to normal levels. Moreover, embolization should ...

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is widely used for the treatment of hemoptysis and the immediate success rate is high, but there are still some hemorrhage recurrences. One of the common reasons for failure of BAE is collateral branches as blood supply. The inferior phrenic artery (IPA) is one ...

Intractable posterior epistaxis sometimes requires intensive treatment, such as surgery or embolization. Maxillary artery ligation has been widely used for the treatment of intractable posterior epistaxis. It is highly effective, but significant complications may occur, including an oroantral fistula and damage to the infraorbital nerve. Embolization is less invasive and ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess patient outcome and imaging findings of patients with pulmonary embolism of fluid silicone. METHODS: Medical records and imaging examinations of 10 patients with respiratory distress after illicit injection of fluid silicone were reviewed. Population consisted of 8 male (6 male-to-female transsexuals) and 2 female subjects. RESULTS: Average ...

OBJECTIVES: Ethmoidal arteries (EAs) can be responsible for severe bleeding. Clinical features of EA bleeding are rather extensive because it can occur within the nasal cavity or in orbital spaces. Furthermore, surgical management of EA bleeding is challenging. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation. METHOD OF STUDY: Five clinical patients with severe ...

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) occurs in up to 30% of the population, making it the most common site for intra-cardiac shunting. The passage of thrombus across a PFO is typically transient, thus is rarely proven. We describe a rare case of a 79-year-old man with thrombus entrapped across a PFO ...

Different embolic materials for portal vein embolization (PVE) were evaluated. Twenty pigs received left and median PVE. Hydrophilic phosphorylcholine, N-butyl cyanoacrylate, hydrophilic gel, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles measuring either 50-150 microm or 700-900 microm were used in five pigs each. Portography and portal vein pressure measurement were performed before, ...

PURPOSE: We report a case of hyperthyroidism in a young woman caused by Graves' disease that was successfully treated with thyroid arterial embolization. CLINICAL DETAILS: A 35 year-old woman with a history of thyrotoxic crises was admitted after the last thyroid crisis. Thyroid arterial embolization was used to treat the ...

PURPOSE: To investigate angiogenesis in the thyroid of Graves' disease (GD) treated with thyroid arterial embolization through analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and microvessel density (MVD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two GD patients were treated with thyroid arterial embolization and followed up for 1-68 ...

Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare highly vascular lesions that frequently require preoperative embolization to minimize surgical morbidity secondary to blood loss. Embolization has typically been performed via a transarterial route. However, this frequently results in incomplete devascularization of the tumor due to the complex angioarchitecture of the feeding arteries. ...

Perigraft seroma usually occurs both polyester and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft which are placed superficially for axillofemoral and femorofemoral bypasses, while it is a rare complication of conventional abdominal aortic and iliac arterial aneurysm repair. The cause of the seroma has not been elucidated, and several hypotheses have been proposed such ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the occurrence, size and composition of embolized debris captured during routine directional atherectomy using the SilverHawk device. METHODS: 15 consecutive eligible patients with a nonocclusive superficial femoral artery (SFA) were enrolled. Patients were included if they were > 18 years of age and had > or = ...

Paradoxical embolism is defined as a systemic arterial embolism requiring the passage of a venous thrombus into the arterial circulatory system through a right-to-left shunt. It is a relatively rare phenomenon, representing about 2% of all cases of arterial embolism. We report a case of a 79-years-old woman admitted to ...

in recent years, an increasing interest in the application of selective embolization of thyroid arteries (SETA) in the treatment of thyroid diseases is observed. In the present report, we analyse the value, safety and possible indications for preresective SETA in cases of large toxic goitres. the study group comprised 10 ...

We report herein a case of a patient with high-flow priapism for whom a gelatin sponge was used as a temporary occlusive agent in arterial embolization, resulting in favorable outcome. The American Urological Association guideline on the management of priapism recommends using temporary occlusive agents. We reviewed all reports published ...

PURPOSE: To study pathological changes in the thyroid gland of patients with Graves' disease (GD) treated with thyroid arterial embolization. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with GD were treated through transcatheter thyroid arterial embolization. Of these patients, twenty-two had biopsy of the thyroid gland at different time points before and after the ...

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred treatment modality for patients with acute coronary syndrome, but the "no-reflow" phenomenon, primarily caused by distal embolism, has hampered the effectiveness of PCI as regards reperfusion of the myocardium. Thrombus aspiration is sometimes used to reduce the incidence of distal embolism, but potentially ...

We present the first report of postoperative bleeding after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) managed by transarterial embolization (TAE). A 54-year-old man underwent an uneventful LRP for clinical stage T(1c) prostate cancer. His blood pressure, however, was 83 over 55 mm Hg, and the hematocrit dropped to 20.4% from a baseline ...

Impending paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale with concomitant pulmonary embolism is a rare entity that requires urgent treatment. We present the case of a 74-year-old woman with acute pulmonary embolism and atrial flutter and with echocardiographic features of impending paradoxical embolism through the patent foramen ovale and tricuspid ...

A 25-year-old man was injured in a motorcycle accident and hemodynamically unstable on admission. Right hemothorax and fractures of the ninth, tenth, and 11th thoracic vertebrae were confirmed in chest X-ray. Tube thoracostomy in the right chest was performed and about 400 mL of blood was drained. Contrast-enhanced CT showed ...

Central venous catheters (CVCs) and ports are frequently used for the administration of total parenteral nutrition, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutic agents. Their use may be associated with serious complications, such as venous thrombosis, embolization, and catheter rupture. Catheter fragments most commonly embolize to the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery ...

To investigate apoptosis in the thyroid of Graves disease (GD) induced by thyroid arterial embolization. Forty one patients with clinically and laboratorily ascertained GD were treated with thyroid arterial embolization and followed up for 3-54 months following embolization. Prior to embolization and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 36 months ...

Summary: Endovascular embolization for craniofacial arteriovenous malformation has been used as preoperative adjuvant devascularization or as definitive therapy. However, because the vascular network is complex, embolization via arterial access may be ineffective, risky, incomplete or technically difficult. The purpose of this report is to describe our experience of percutaneous direct ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The treatment of a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) can involve surgery, radiosurgery, or endovascular embolization. New embolization techniques and agents have expanded the role of endovascular treatment. METHODS: We report the endovascular embolization with Onyx-18 of a DAVF fed by the posterior auricular artery. RESULTS: The DAVF ...

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate potential feasibility of new liquid embolic agent, thermoreversible gelation polymer (TGP), for embolotherapy. METHODS: TGP is a liquid polymer that was originally developed as a cell culture medium for tissue engineering. TGP becomes liquid at temperatures lower than the sol-gel transition temperature (TT) and becomes a gel ...

BACKGROUND: Nonaspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NANSAIDs) have been associated with arterial thromboembolic events in the general population. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of NANSAID use in patients diagnosed with cryptogenic emboli or paradoxical embolic events from a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or atrial septal defect (ASD) compared with ...

Spontaneous extraperitoneal hemorrhage (SEH) is an uncommon complication of anticoagulation therapy. Cases of SEH that are unresponsive to management through correction of coagulopathy, fluid resuscitation, blood transfusion, and other supportive measures are typically treated with surgery. Nevertheless, treatment of SEH with the use of angiography and arterial embolization may provide ...

Cement embolism of the pulmonary arteries is a well-known complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty as well as orthopedic procedures involving instrumentation of the medullary canal. A few cases of paradoxical cement embolism have also been described. Herein, we report a case of cortical bone void filler embolism to the infragenicular arteries ...

While the combination of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and thromboembolic disease is thought to portend increased morbidity and mortality, PFO presence in the setting of major pulmonary embolism (PE) may serve as a means to rescue patients from immediate hemodynamic collapse and death. We present two patients with major ...

Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare and often fatal complication of pregnancy. We report the successful multidisciplinary management of a woman who developed a coagulopathy from a presumed amniotic fluid embolism after forceps-assisted vaginal delivery requiring recombinant factor VIIa, and pulmonary arterial hypertension requiring a right ventricular assist device.

The aim of this study was to examine whether the detection of pulmonary fat embolization is valid as a significant indicator of heat exposure in forensic autopsies. In 54 cases where there was no evidence of fracture, burn or pancreatitis, 25 cases (46.3%) showed pulmonary fat embolization, the degree of ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of superselective embolization therapy in the management of acute lower gastrointestinal (LGI) hemorrhage, including any bleeding distal to the ligament of Treitz. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June and August 2007, 20 patients with acute LGI bleeding underwent superselective transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) at the authors' ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate long-term immunological changes after the treatment of Graves' disease (GD) with thyroid arterial embolization and the effect of thyroid arterial embolization on the body's immunological functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients with clinically and laboratorily ascertained GD were treated with thyroid ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of superselective cavernous artery embolization. METHODS: Eight patients with high-flow priapism were included in this study. All were treated by superselective cavernous artery embolization with microcoils and gelatin sponges. The follow-up examinations consisted of color duplex ultrasonography. The International Index of Erectile Function 5-item questionnaire ...

Major neurologic morbidity and mortality with vertebroplasty are rare. We describe a 71-year-old woman who had a stroke approximately 30 minutes after vertebroplasty. Imaging revealed that bone cement had embolized to the left middle cerebral artery. Emergency embolectomy was attempted but was unsuccessful. This report emphasizes the need to be ...

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a congenital, small tunnel-like connection between the right and left atria that usually closes spontaneously after birth. However, frequently (in up to 35% of the normal population) it persists into adulthood. It is associated with 'paradoxical' embolism from the venous to the arterial system and ...

BACKGROUND: We present the pathological findings at orbital exenteration in a patient with Wyburn-Mason syndrome who underwent transarterial embolization. CASE: A 31-year-old man with a 10-year history of gradual exacerbation of left exophthalmos and left cheek swelling was found to have facial and orbital arteriovenous malformations on the left side. ...

Extraperitoneal bleeding from the inferior epigastric artery (IEA) and its branches is a rare complication of blunt pelvic trauma; however, it can result in life-threatening hemorrhage, even in cases of minimally displaced fractures of the pelvic ring. We report the case of a patient who had posttraumatic pelvic hematoma and ...

Impending paradoxical embolism (IPDE) is the presence of an entrapped thrombus through the patent foramen ovale (PFO). Usually IPDE are diagnosed by echocardiography or thoracic CT-scan performed during the evaluation of patient presenting with a suspicion of pulmonary embolism (PE). We report the case of a 73-year-old patient presenting with ...