Pulsatility index (PI) is a commonly used method of objective assessment of the Doppler waveform. PI falls with increasing proximal stenosis and is raised by increasing peripheral resistance. Damping factor (DF) for an arterial segment is calculated by dividing the proximal by the distal PI. DF rises with increasing severity ...

A total of 246 non-selected patients with oesophageal variceal haemorrhage were treated with the intravascular high-pressure injection technique. Approximately 200 ml of the sclerosant were injected in three sessions. Reliable destruction of the varices in the absence of necrosis/ulceration along the variceal "column" must be considered doubtful. Owing to misplaced ...

The ability of diagnostic intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) to demonstrate the degree of renal artery stenosis was compared with that of intraarterial angiography in 45 patients with 92 arteries. Stenotic lesions on both IVDSA and intraarterial studies were classified as normal (0% stenosis), minor (less than 50%), low grade ...

A 66 year-old woman presented with a tight but asymptomatic atheromatous stenosis in a persistant carotido-hypoglossal artery. Stenosis was documented by ultrasound Doppler tomography whereas the embryologic anomaly was disclosed by digital angiography. A successful venous bypass was done. Based on this case report, the diagnostic and therapeutic problems raised ...

In the complex called vagal indigestion two main types of stenosis can be distinguished, pyloric stenosis and stenosis between the reticulum and omasum or reticulo-omasal stenosis. Laboratory examinations of blood and rumen fluid were carried out in 10 cows with reticulo-omasal stenosis. The results are discussed with respect to the ...

Stenosis of the lacrimal punctum can be caused by a variety of factors. The Jones one-snip procedure has emerged as the treatment of choice for stenosis that is unresponsive to punctal dilation. A procedure is presented herein that should augment the success rate of the Jones one-snip operation.

A retrospective analysis compared the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of two methods using noninvasive Doppler ultrasound for detecting the severity of carotid artery disease. Doppler spectral analyses were used in determining the peak systolic frequency (PF) found within the stenosis, as well as the ratio of the peak systolic ...

Hypopharyngeal stenosis after total laryngectomy has been reported as high as 40%. The most consistent and important causal factor is the extent of the pharyngeal resection since cancers of the pyriform sinus and postcricoid region have the highest incidence of stenosis. Dilation is frequently unsuccessful in the management of postlaryngectomy ...

Analysis of the morphological aspects of continuous-wave Doppler examination is a reliable means of detecting carotid stenosis involving 50% or more of the diameter of the arterial lumen. This study was undertaken to evaluate the indexes likely to increase the diagnostic accuracy of this noninvasive investigation method. The indexes studied ...

In order to evaluate the role of adrenergic receptor-mediated vasomotions of large epicardial coronary arteries in changing coronary blood flow (CBF), the effects of intracoronary norepinephrine (NE), 1.0 microgram/min, were examined in dogs with coronary stenosis which preserved stenosis vasomobility. In untreated dogs, NE caused no significant changes in CBF ...

Isolated pulmonary valvular stenosis shows a typical radiological pattern in 70% of the cases, including bulging of the left middle and the right inferior segments, a convex left inferior segment and an upwards shift of the apex. In quite a lot of cases (28%), only one of the four above ...

Pressure gradients estimated by Doppler echocardiography were compared with values obtained at cardiac catheterisation in 31 children (aged seven days to 16 years, mean 2 years 7 months) with pulmonary infundibular stenosis including 16 with tetralogy of Fallot. Various parasternal and subcostal positions were explored to obtain the maximum velocity ...

Subaortic stenosis is well known to complicate the clinical course of patients with single ventricle or univentricular hearts, and we have previously suggested that the development of subaortic stenosis in such patients may be causal to and/or accelerated by previous banding of the main pulmonary trunk. To further define the ...

Eleven patients with vascular ectasias of the colon and associated gastrointestinal hemorrhage were evaluated. All had the clinical features associated with aortic stenosis. In two patients, the configuration of the pulse wave in the mesenteric vessel was studied. In both, the abnormal peripheral pulse wave pattern associated with aortic stenosis ...

Underestimation of coronary arterial stenosis at clinical arteriography has been explained by inadequate radiological views of crescentic or slit-shaped lumens. Postmortem perfusion-fixation of the coronary arteries at physiological pressures shows that most stenotic lesions result in circular, elliptical, or D-shaped lumens. Crescentic lumens in fully distended vessels are associated only ...

Velocity and flow visualization studies were conducted in an adult size pulmonary artery model with varying degrees of valvular stenosis, using a two dimensional laser Doppler anemometer system. Velocity measurements in the main, left and right branches of the pulmonary artery revealed that as the degree of pulmonic stenosis increased, ...

The natural history of intermittent claudication (IC) was surveyed in 59 limbs of 44 patients. The mean follow-up period was 3 years (1 to 8.3 years). During the follow-up period, 72.0 per cent of the limbs with a solitary arterial lesion improved or remained unchanged. However, detailed analysis showed that ...

This study tested the hypothesis that aggregation of platelets and release of thromboxane A2 at the site of a coronary arterial stenosis may contribute to myocardial ischemia by impairing flow regulation of the distal coronary bed. Measurements of hemodynamics, flow (microspheres), lactate metabolism, and prostaglandin (PG) metabolites (thromboxane B2 and ...

Subglottic stenosis is the most common serious long-term complication of endotracheal intubation in neonates and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. We describe the experience of one unit with 15 cases of subglottic stenosis requiring operative intervention seen over a 3-year period and review the pathology and pathogenesis of the condition. ...

A retrospective review of 20 cases of laryngeal stenosis treated with the carbon dioxide laser was conducted at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Northwestern University. The stenoses were grouped into four categories: supraglottic, glottic, subglottic, and combined glottic-subglottic. Twenty patients had 21 lesions excised by 40 laser procedures. Eleven ...

A white male developed severe headaches at the age of 31 years. Aqueduct stenosis with hydrocephalus was diagnosed. Some months after surgery (shunt) his behaviour altered and eventually he became mute and akinetic. Frequent episodes of marked autonomic over-activity occurred. The clinical and necropsy findings of aqueduct stenosis, hydrocephalus and ...

Previous studies have suggested that worsening hemodynamic severity of coronary stenoses in response to distal arteriolar dilation may be related to dilation of the normal epicardial artery adjacent to the stenosis resulting in increasing percent stenosis. To test this hypothesis we used sonomicrometry to continuously measure external circumflex coronary artery ...

A modified tracheostomy was designed for respiratory function studies in sheep. Our primary objective was to prevent development of severe tracheal stenosis, which was observed with procedures designed for canine tracheostomy. Surgery consisted of an intercartilaginous tracheal slit, with apposition of tracheal mucosa to skin. This procedure produced no significant ...

Bovine pericardial bioprostheses (BPB), such as the Ionescu-Shiley or the Vascor, and low-profile porcine bioprostheses (Liotta, LPB) have particular features that make them useful in certain anatomical situations, such as aortic stenosis with hypoplastic annulus, pure mitral stenosis with little ventricle and double valvular stenosis with hypertrophic ventricular wall. In ...

An unusual site and cause of disabling inspiratory and expiratory airflow limitation mimicking fixed upper airway obstruction is reported in two patients with sarcoidosis who had stenosis of almost the entire lengths of both main bronchi. The observed flows were consistent with a cross sectional airway diameter of 3 mm. ...

Continuous wave Doppler echocardiography was used to study 41 adults with clinically suspected aortic stenosis undergoing cardiac catheterisation. Non-invasive assessment of the severity of stenosis was made before catheterisation using electrocardiograms, chest radiographs, and cross sectional echocardiography in addition to clinical examination and assessment modified, where appropriate, by the result ...

The harsh murmur of valvular aortic stenosis at the right base may persist in elderly patients, but with appreciably less intensity. Auscultation may instead disclose a predominant loud, pure-frequency musical systolic murmur at or near the cardiac apex. Asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis should be advised not to engage ...

In most cases of subaortic stenosis there is associated hypertrophic muscular stenosis. Classical surgical treatment by transaortic ventriculomyotomy can be assessed by bidigital septal examination through a complementary pulmonary arteriotomy as reported in this paper. Preoperative and postoperative trans-stenotic subaortic pressure gradients were measured in 5 patients with a mean ...

Diaphragmatic coronary stenosis is a rare coronary angiographic finding. It gives rise to an appearance of relatively severe obstruction and can lead to unnecessary surgical intervention or PTCA. We described four patients with this type of stenosis in whom the lesions proved to be hemodynamically insignificant as judged by the ...

A model for the vascular steal phenomenon was designed and evaluated in 10 mongrel dogs in which the aortic bifurcation was used to represent a parent artery with two distal vascular beds. Right lower extremity flow was increased with a femoral arteriovenous fistula, and progressively greater stenoses were applied to ...

Twenty three morphological specimens of truncus arteriosus were examined for evidence of stenosis of the semilunar valve. One third showed good evidence of stenosis as judged by careful measurement of the valve orifice, the valve ring, and the maximum diameter of the truncus. Correlation with measured pressure gradients was poor, ...

The dynamic spatial reconstructor (DSR), a high temporal resolution, three-dimensional roentgenographic, computed tomography scanner, was used to scan the coronary arteries of five dogs. After one injection of contrast medium into the left main coronary artery or into the aortic root of each dog, all major epicardial coronary arteries and ...

The preoperative evaluation, surgical course, and early follow-up results of 11 newborn infants less than 30 days of age who underwent aortic valvotomy for severe valvular aortic stenosis between 1976 and 1983 were reviewed to determine our current surgical mortality and the early prognosis of these neonates. Ten of the ...

The persistent high mortality in infants with pulmonary artery "sling" (retrotracheal anomalous left pulmonary artery) is primarily due to the coexistence in such patients of long-segment tracheal stenosis due to complete cartilage rings. Five such patients are reported. Airway studies (by filtered high-kV radiography, bronchography, and/or CT) showed low carina, ...

The results of conventional operative resection of diffuse subaortic stenosis (tunnel subaortic stenosis and diffuse idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis) have been less than satisfactory. A new approach using the concept of aortoventriculoplasty was designed to allow adequate surgical resection of a diffuse subvalvular aortic stenosis. The aorta, the right ventricle, ...

Acquired pulmonary stenosis was diagnosed in a 53 year old woman presenting with the unusual feature of an oral murmur. Mediastinotomy showed extensive malignant tissue surrounding the pulmonary artery, although a mediastinal mass was not evident on chest radiographs. Histological examination confirmed a pleomorphic adenocarcinoma, which has not previously been ...

Three patients with fibromuscular oesophageal stenosis are reported. The onset was usually before 6 months of age; earlier than that of stenosis due to tracheobronchial remnants. The localization of the stenotic area varied from the distal to the mid-oesophagus. Extramucosal myotomy seemed to be the treatment of choice for this ...

Severe subglottic stenosis or stenosis that persists after a number of repairs have failed can be treated by an operation to widen the entire cricoid. This is accomplished by splitting the cricoid arch anteriorly and the posterior cricoid lamina posteriorly, both in the vertical midline. These vertical splits are held ...

Observations in a family point to the existence of autosomal dominant inheritance for discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS), which made up part of a multisystem disorder. Both parents, offspring of two full siblings, had short stature, obstructive lung disease (OLD), hoarseness and upturned nose. The father alone had aortic stenosis and ...

An example of rapid, spontaneous resolution of an eccentric coronary luminal narrowing from 95 percent to 80 percent and subsequently to 50 percent stenosis over a six-week time period is presented. Spontaneous thrombolysis is proposed as the explanation for these changes and is discussed with reference to existing experimental and ...

The concept of lumbar stenosis is defined and a classification of the diverse types is proposed. This is based on a correlation of the findings at operation with those of radiographs and axial tomography in patients with spinal stenosis or with disc hernia in a narrow spinal canal. The spinal ...

To critically analyze the accuracy of the Zira-OPG unit in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis, 161 patients (309 carotid arteries) out of 2500 patients tested were reviewed in comparison with angiogram. For practical purposes these patients were divided into several groups: 92 out of 101 normal arteries by OPG were ...

Discrete subaortic stenosis has only rarely been reported in association with congenital valvular aortic stenosis. The valvular lesion may obscure the subaortic stenosis or may be obscured by it. Our experience with seven such cases (10% of our 71 patients with discrete subaortic stenosis) is reported and the diagnostic problems ...

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was administered by continuous infusion to a critically III 3-day-old infant with severe stenosis of the aortic valve. A beneficial response was evidenced by increases in systemic BP, pulses, perfusion, urinary output, and arterial pH. The infusion of PGE1 improved and stabilized the infant's condition so that ...

Coronary hemodynamic effects of controlled left ventricular outflow obstruction stimulating aortic valve stenosis were studied in 20 open-chest dogs, with and without graded coronary artery diameter narrowing. Aortic stenosis was regulated so that a mean left ventricular-aortic pressure gradient of 46 +/- 20 mm Hg (mean +/- standard deviation) was ...

The severity of aortic stenosis was assessed by echocardiography in 81 consecutive adult patients, 40 of whom underwent cardiac catheterization. The patients' mean age was 54 +/- 16.4 years. A good correlation was found between the severity of aortic stenosis assessed by cross-sectional echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Aortic valve separation ...

Twenty-six patients with valvular aortic stenosis were followed up for an average period of 9 years after the initial evaluation when the valvular disease had been considered too mild for surgical treatment. The valve area was 0.7-1.9 (mean 1.2) cm2 at the first study and 0.3-2.0 (mean 0.9) cm2 at ...

Surgical treatment of severe discrete supravalvular aortic stenosis by placement of a patch graft across the narrowed area of aorta at one point has been associated with a substantial incidence of residual stenosis. Successful relief of a severe stenosis was achieved by a modification of a previously reported technique in ...

A 19-year-old male was found to have combined supravalvular aortic stenosis and hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Two possible hypotheses with supportive evidence in the literature may explain this association: (1) long-standing fixed supravalvular aortic stenosis may result in secondary hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, and (2) infantile hypercalcemia, a condition closely related to ...

Lumbar canal stenosis has been well recognised as a cause of low backache. A study was undertaken to find out the incidence of lumbar canal stenosis in Indian adults from 1 July 1978 to 30 June 1981. The diagnosis was based on clinical, radiological and myelographic findings. The majority of ...