The importance of the superficial external pudendal artery in cases of lower limb obstructive arteriopathies has been established, and a perfect knowledge of its anatomy is desirable for the creation of successful flaps involving it. However, little information is available on the morphometry of this artery. PURPOSE: In this study, ...

Mean arterial pressure drives pressure-natriuresis and determines arterial structure and function. In a population sample, we investigated the relation between arterial characteristics and renal sodium handling as assessed by the clearance of endogenous lithium. We ultrasonographically measured diameter, cross-sectional compliance (CC) and distensibility (DC) of the carotid, brachial, and femoral ...

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is a well recognised sequelae of anatomical variation in the origin of the medial head of gastrocnemius. It classically presents with distal ischaemia from progressive intimal fibrosis and eventual thrombosis. We present a unique case of acute lower limb ischaemia precipitated by trauma in a young ...

AIM: Recent reports have advocated duplex ultrasound arterial mapping (DUAM) as the sole preoperative imaging modality for planning infrainguinal revascularization. This study reports the outcome of arterial revascularization procedures for chronic limb ischemia based on DUAM. METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2004, 253 patients (175 men, 78 women) underwent ...

BACKGROUND: Chula-clamp is a newly hydraulic vascular hemostatic device. The advantages of the device are convenience, reusability, and lessen patient discomfort and vascular complication. Furthermore, the device is assembled with a recycled balloon inflator and other locally made components, which make it less expensive than other commercially available hemostatic devices. ...

This report describes the use of a percutaneous ex-vivo femoral arterial bypass in three patients with acute lower extremity ischemia that occurred as a complication of femoral artery catheterization. Utilizing standard equipment and techniques, a percutaneous ex-vivo femoral artery bypass can restore antegrade flow to the ischemic limb in patients ...

AIM: To analyse the variations in branching patterns of the popliteal artery and infrapopliteal vessels using angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Femoral angiograms of 1037 lower limbs in 568 patients were examined to assess the popliteal artery branching pattern. Variations of the infrapopliteal vessels supplying the foot were assessed in 662 ...

The medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) usually branches from the deep femoral artery (DFA). It may also branch from the femoral artery (FA). In this study 100 inguinal regions of 50 cadavers were investigated. In 79 extremities (79%) MCFA branched from DFA, while in 15 (15%) it branched from FA. ...

Previous investigations of age-associated changes in flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in women have been limited to the upper extremity and have not accounted for possible age differences in the stimulus for dilation. The purpose of the present study was to compare age differences in brachial and popliteal FMD and its stimulus ...

Intravenous drug abuse unfortunately remains an extremely common problem worldwide, accounting for innumerable medical issues ranging from the transmission of HIV and other blood-borne diseases to skin necrosis to vasculitis to death. We present a case of intra-arterial injection of Alprazolam into the right femoral artery resulting in microembolization, acute ...

Increased arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of death from cardiovascular disease, and aortic stiffness is more predictive than stiffness of other arterial regions. Because little is known about the effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on regional arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV) of four different arterial segments was ...

We report three cases of lower limb ischemia occurring after the use of arterial puncture closure devices (APCDs). In two patients, who have undergone percutaneous angioplasty of lower limb arteries, the Angio-Seal APCD led to thrombosis of the common femoral artery. In another patient who has undergone coronary angiography, this ...

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypotheses that (1) the central conduit arteries stiffen preferentially over the peripheral conduit arteries in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (ToF); and (2) central arterial stiffening is related to aortic root dilatation. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Heart-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), femoral-ankle PWV, carotid augmentation index ...

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze magnetic resonance (MR) findings in patients with popliteal arterial entrapment syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a retrospective MRI and CT scan review of 12 patients with 23 limbs with popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) treated over a 10-yr period. All 12 patients (23 limbs) ...

Small branches of the femoral artery in the femoral triangle are not palpable and could increase the risk of intravascular injection during femoral nerve (FN) block. I evaluated the position of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA), a lateral branch of the femoral artery, in relationship to accepted landmarks for ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of Hemobahn/Viabahn endoprostheses (HVE) in patients with femoral arterial occlusive disease. METHODS: During a 6-year period, 57 patients (46 men; mean age 62.7+/-9.3 years, range 44-82) were treated with 82 Hemobahn or Viabahn endoprostheses for stenoses (13%) or occlusions (87%) of the superficial femoral ...

Femoral hernia, which is a less common occurrence than inguinal hernia, is not congenital in most cases and is uncommon in young males. It is considered to be more common in females than in males due to an enlarged femoral ring in the former. A case of bilateral femoral hernia ...

During a student dissection course held at the Tokyo Women's Medical University, in a 91-year-old human female cadaver we encountered a very rare case of a hypoplastic right external iliac artery. It continued into the normal femoral artery by anastomoses formed with the enlarged obturator and deep circumflex iliac arteries. ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the existence of hemodynamic arterial flow correlation between preoperative duplex scanning (DS) and intraoperative direct outflow resistance (IDOR) measurements in ischemic lower limb revascularization. Sixty-eight ischemic lower limbs were submitted to preoperative DS. Anatomic and hemodynamic arterial characteristics of the outflow system ...

Arterial stiffness is increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and diabetes preferentially affects arterial stiffness of the central (elastic, capacitive) over peripheral (muscular, conduit) arteries. We hypothesized that arterial stiffness of the central artery may be more closely associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) than stiffness of peripheral arteries in ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the adjusted risk of vascular complications after manual compression and vascular closure devices for femoral artery access site management in a large contemporary cohort, using propensity score analysis. BACKGROUND: Vascular closure devices (VCD) allow early ambulation after cardiac procedures involving femoral artery access, but whether the benefit ...

We describe a neonate with hypoplastic left heart syndrome supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with a femoral arterial cannula. A 6-French straight sheath was percutaneously placed in the right femoral artery using the Seldinger technique. Adequate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation flows were achieved, and the patient was successfully de-cannulated. Femoral ...

Closure devices for closing femoral arteries following catheterization procedures are routinely used. They reduce time of immobilization and decrease complications such as bleeding and aneurysm formation. We report of a new vascular closure device (StarClose, marketed by Abbott) that was misplaced in the femoral artery with subsequent vascular stenosis and ...

PURPOSE: The tissue diffusivity (D(g)) and partitioning (K) for dipyridamole were determined and a model was developed to examine the relationship between perivascular dose and local dipyridamole tissue concentrations. METHODS: Experiments were performed using an in vitro perfusion apparatus that recirculated buffer through different graft samples or normal porcine femoral ...

High initial technical success rates for superficial femoral artery revascularization are possible using multiple modalities. For these interventions to pose a serious challenge to open surgical bypass, improved primary patency in mid- and long-term follow-up must be achieved. In several smaller studies, covered stenting of the superficial femoral artery has ...

We report a case of an iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in a 67-year-old man presenting with right femoral bruit on the day after sheath removal for cardiac catheterization. This was successfully treated with embolization using N-butyl-cynoacrylate (NBCA) through a coaxial microcatheter. Transcatheter embolization of iatrogenic femoral AVFs with NBCA ...

Multiple aneurysms are clinically common in population aged over sixty and are caused mainly by atherosclerosis. When occurring in young population other etiologies such as trauma, infections, Bechet's disease, Marfan syndrome, neurofibromatosis or inflammatory disease are responsible for the development of arterial aneurysms. A rare case of multiple aneurysms in ...

The use of femoral artery closure devices to obtain hemostasis after percutaneous catheterization has become widespread because of their proven feasibility in combination with patient-related advantages. Since 2002 more than 6,500 patients have undergone either diagnostic angiography or therapeutic intervention via the femoral route with an Angioseal closure device in ...

OBJECTIVE: Cannulation of the femoral vessels for cardiopulmonary support is a common approach for many cardiac procedures as well as access of choice for many emergency bypass systems such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. A serious complication of prolonged femoral cannulation remains the ischemic injury of the distal limb. SUBJECTS: To ...

OBJECTIVE: To define diameter at three levels along the popliteal artery and its relation to the inflow arteries in the normal state and in popliteal aneurysms. METHODS: The external diameter of the arteries was determined by duplex ultrasound scanning at the common femoral (CFA), superficial femoral artery (SFA), proximal popliteal ...

We report a rare case of lower limb swelling due to compression of the superficial femoral vein by a solitary deep femoral artery aneurysm. The patient was a 58-year-old man presenting with acute swelling of the right lower limb caused by deep venous thrombosis. A multi-detector computed tomographic scan (CT) ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between two methods for the determination of cardiac output: the femoral arterial thermodilution technique (FATD) and the arterial pulse contour analysis (PCCO) using the PiCCO catheter. METHODS: We performed a prospective animal study using 51 immature Maryland pigs weighing 9 to 16 kg. A 4- ...

Emergency physicians often obtain central venous access via the femoral vein in critically ill patients or patients with difficult peripheral access due to chronic intravenous drug use. Previous studies using two-dimensional ultrasonography have demonstrated that the Trendelenburg position increases the cross-sectional area of the internal jugular vein. This study is ...

During our routine dissection course for students we found a complex variation of the femoral artery on the left side of a 72-year-old male cadaver. The deep femoral artery was originating from the anterior aspect of the femoral artery; the inferior epigastric and the external pudendal arteries were arising from ...

BACKGROUND: We reviewed the outcomes of reoperations for 29 patients (30 limbs) who had undergone occluded arterial bypass in the lower limbs from May 1996 to September 2005. METHODS: The 30 lower limbs of the 29 patients with arteriosclerotic obstruction received 44 reoperations, including thrombectomy alone (group T, 27) and ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the importance of genetic background for collateral artery development. METHODS AND RESULTS: C57BL/6, BALB/c and 129S2/Sv mice were studied after femoral artery ligation by laser Doppler imaging, visible light oximetry, time-of-flight-magnetic resonance imaging, and treadmill testing; C57BL/6 and BALB/c also underwent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry, x-ray ...

For select patients with persistent patellofemoral pain, the anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer (Fulkerson osteotomy) provides excellent clinical results. This procedure, indicated for patients with patellar malalignment, has become one of the most popular distal realignment procedures. One potential concern with this technique is the proximity of the posterior vascular structures ...

BACKGROUND: In patients, after repair of aortic coarctation, abnormal function of the proximal precoarctation arterial conduits has been demonstrated, but data on arterial wall structure of proximal and distal arteries in patients are scarce. The aim of our study is to compare intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid and femoral ...

A 27-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for investigation of severe claudication in his right foot. Based on the findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), we diagnosed anatomic popliteal artery entrapment syndrome, which was causing a short popliteal artery occlusion. Moreover, a long posterior ...

The purpose of this article is to report the unusual presentation of a 63-year-old patient with Rutherford grade 2, category 5 tissue ischemic changes involving the right foot secondary to an occult popliteal stenosis that was obscured behind a prosthetic knee on diagnostic angiograms. Conventional abdominal angiography with bilateral lower ...

The present study was performed to investigate the precision of and problems in arithmetic operations for synthesis/estimation of the input waveform from the output waveform of a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) manometer system, by imposing arterial pressure waveform as an input pressure waveform. When a PAC manometer system is regarded ...

Aneurysms involving the deep femoral artery, otherwise known as the profunda femoris artery (PFA), are extremely rare. Rarer still are bilateral PFA aneurysms (PFAAs). The diagnosis is difficult, but it may be suggested by the presence of a pulsatile tumor in the region of the femoral artery or by symptoms ...

Acute limb-threatening ischemia from thrombosis may be the initial presentation of popliteal artery aneurysms (PAA) and is associated with amputation rates of 20-30%. Since contrast angiography may miss the diagnosis, the authors suspect that thrombosis of PAA may be an underappreciated cause of acute ischemia. Routine use of duplex arteriography ...

It has been suggested that CVD has its origins in early life. An impairment of fetal growth and early postnatal nutrition may have programming effects on cardiovascular physiology. In addition, traditional risk factors for CVD may initiate the atherosclerotic process during childhood. We explored the effect of fat intake, physical ...

PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of ultrasound (US) guidance during retrograde popliteal artery catheterization (RPAC) and identify the risk factors for late hemostasis and complications. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of consecutive patients who underwent grayscale US-guided RPAC during the last 8 years. Chart review identified 174 ...

Common femoral artery stenosis is well appreciated in patients with peripheral arterial disease, but not described following repeated arterial access. We present a case of progressive right common femoral artery stenosis resulting in resting leg ischemia and ulceration that was temporally related to multiple ipsilateral vascular access procedures for recurrent ...

BACKGROUND: Reaming of the femoral canal has been demonstrated to introduce intramedullary contents into the circulation with subsequent pulmonary embolization. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this effect can be minimized by use of a reamer system that provides simultaneous irrigation and aspiration of intramedullary contents. METHODS: ...

A 66-year-old man had foot gangrene and a fixed contracture of the knee following two failed femoropopliteal bypasses, one with vein and one with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). An external iliac to anterior tibial artery bypass and skeletal traction via the os calcis resulted in limb salvage and successful normal ambulation. After ...

BACKGROUND: Incidence of vascular complications (VCs) after sheath removal following a percutaneous coronary intervention procedure (PCIP) vary widely by the compression method used to achieve femoral artery hemostasis. OBJECTIVE: To determine if one groin compression method causes the least discomfort and distress for patients and results in fewer VCs. METHODS: ...

INTRODUCTION: Understanding neovascularization is an important prerequisite for therapeutic advances aimed at the salvation of ischemic tissues. We explored an alternative strategy to corrosion casting for visualizing neovascularization in a rat hindlimb ischemia model. METHODS: Rats were subjected to hindlimb ischemia by femoral artery ligation. Directly after femoral artery occlusion ...