PURPOSE: To determine, in asymptomatic subjects, the inter-study reproducibility of a three-dimensional (3D) volume selective fast spin echo (FSE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance sequence for the assessment of carotid artery wall volume as a measure of atheroma burden. METHODS: Inter-study reproducibility was evaluated in 16 asymptomatic volunteers (10 male, 6 female). ...

AIMS: To study whether arterial stiffness is related to risk of new vascular events in patients with manifest arterial disease and to examine whether this relation varies between patients who differ with respect to baseline vascular risk, arterial stiffness, or systolic blood pressure (SBP). METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was ...

A reduction in central arterial compliance has been identified as an independent risk factor for future cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of age-related carotid arterial enlargement on carotid arterial compliance in postmenopausal females, using a cross-sectional study design. Carotid arterial properties were ...

Two patients with acute complete carotid bulb occlusion were treated using intra-arterial aspiration thrombectomy a mean of 3 hours after stroke onset. A slightly angulated 8-F guiding catheter designed for general interventional use was employed to aspirate the thrombus in the carotid artery. Manual aspiration through a 50-mL syringe resulted ...

OBJECTIVE: Five different calliper methods for assessing the degree of carotid artery stenosis and visual estimation ("eyeballing") of postmortem carotid arteriograms were compared with the planimetric gold standard of the area reduction at the site of the stenosis. METHODS: During autopsy 53 carotid specimens were removed in toto from 31 ...

Carotid artery rupture is fortunately an uncommon complication of head and neck cancer treatment. Eleven episodes of carotid artery rupture following irradiation and major head and neck resection were identified over a 6-year period. We review our experience and discuss the predisposing factors that can cause this complication, important aspects ...

BACKGROUND: It has been argued that lumen diameter of the common carotid artery should be taken into account in analyses on common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and cardiovascular risk. Yet, no published report has dealt with this issue in detail. METHODS: In the Rotterdam study baseline ultrasound images of the ...

The unique morphology of the adult human carotid bifurcation and its sinus has been investigated extensively, but its long-term, age-dependent development has not. It is important fundamentally and clinically to understand the hemodynamics and developmental forces that play a role in remodeling of the carotid bifurcation and maturation of the ...

Clinical management of carotid disease is primarily based on results of national trials (ACAS and NASCET) that used the distal internal carotid artery diameter as a reference. However, commonly accepted ultrasound (US) criteria for carotid stenosis were derived from the correlation of velocity measurements with angiographic bulb diameter reductions (BDR). ...

BACKGROUND: Physiopathology of barochemoreception is hindered by the scarce information on its morphology in disease. The baroreflex is of major importance for the maintenance of arterial pressure during orthostatic stress. The purpose of this paper was to characterize the morphological alterations of carotid glomus in old patients who died from ...

PURPOSE: To assess the interstudy reproducibility of a three-dimensional volume-selective, fast spin echo (FSE) magnetic resonance technique for the assessment of carotid artery wall volume, which is a marker for total carotid plaque volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Interstudy reproducibility was evaluated in 10 subjects with evidence of carotid artery atherosclerotic ...

The internal and external carotid arteries are usually considered occluded distal to a common carotid artery occlusion but some collateral vessels may provide blood keeping the internal and external carotid arteries patent distal to the occlusion. Most common communication in such a case is diversion of blood from muscular branches ...

CONCLUSION: The morbidity predicted by means of preoperative PET studies does not always correlate with the morbidity experienced after permanent carotid artery occlusion. A pre-resection extracranial-intracranial bypass may be necessary to reduce the risk of neurologic morbidity, in particular when carotid artery resection is planned for tumors involving the skull ...

Skull base tumors involving the carotid artery pose a difficult surgical challenge. The potential for bypass grafting for cerebral revascularization carries inherent risks but may aid in tumor resection and control in those who warrant carotid sacrifice but have inappropriate natural cerebrovascular reserve. We include a review of the literature ...

PURPOSE: To investigate non-invasively the elasticity of common carotid artery and the arterial baroreflex function in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma (n = 16) [primary open angle- and juvenile open-angle glaucoma] and from age- and sex-matched healthy control ...

PURPOSE: An increased intima-media thickness (IMT) in the carotid arteries is a marker of generalized atherosclerosis, and it has been associated with a high risk of stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have an increase in atherosclerotic indicators in ...

A virtual angioscopy system is implemented to visualize the inside of the internal carotid artery (ICA) for qualitative assessment of carotid artery stenosis using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images. The carotid artery is one of the body regions not accessible by real optical endoscopy but can be visualized with virtual ...

The aim of this work was to study the association between plasma thiol levels and percentage carotid narrowing in a group of 68 patients who underwent a carotid endarterectomy, pertained as a risk factor for vascular and cardiovascular disease. Total plasma thiols were measured by capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence. The ...

Although extracranial carotid artery duplex ultrasound scanning (ECADUS) is frequently used to detect cervical carotid artery stenosis, the method for interpreting the parameters obtained by ECADUS is not well established when cervical carotid artery stenosis does not exist. We retrospectively studied the parameters obtained from 180 patients without significant cervical ...

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the main treatment for atherosclerotic plaque of the cervical internal carotid artery. The surgical anatomy of the carotid arteries was studied in the carotid triangle of 49 cadavers. The carotid bifurcation was located at the level of the lower third of C-3. The superior thyroid artery ...

The primary objective of this cadaveric study was to review the morphological variations of the anatomy of the human carotid artery bifurcation relevant to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stent-supported angioplasty (CSSA). We quantify carotid bifurcation plaque morphology. Results showed that the angle of deviation at the origin of ...

In the endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, positioning the guiding catheter is of great importance. In cases where vessel tortuosity prohibits positioning the guiding catheter in the carotid artery via the femoral approach, we use a direct carotid approach via common carotid artery puncture. For direct puncture of the common ...

"Extracranial carotid artery stenosis is responsible for approximately 20-30% of ischemic strokes. Traditionally, carotid artery stenosis has been treated with carotid endarterectomy. However, the low periprocedural complication rate and the mid term durability of carotid artery stenting has made it a competitive alternative treatment strategy. This update reviews the technical ...

OBJECTIVES: Elective carotid stent implantation using a distal protection is increasing. In this article we describe an observation method for carotid plaque debris collection during carotid stenting. METHODS: Endovascular stenting for the right internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis was performed under distal balloon protection. During balloon protection, 30 ml of ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Atherosclerosis is the main cause of common carotid artery occlusion in most reports. This study aimed to identify the major causes of common carotid artery occlusion and compare the clinical features and carotid duplex ultrasonography findings of patients with common carotid artery occlusion attributable to each cause. ...

The morbidity and mortality of stroke secondary to acute internal carotid artery thrombosis range from 40 to 69% and from 15 to 55%, respectively, after purely medical treatment. This report describes a series of 12 patients who underwent urgent surgical treatment for primary acute carotid artery thrombosis between January 1999 ...

Analysis of CT datasets is commonly time consuming because of the required manual interaction. We present a novel and fast automatic initialization algorithm to detect the carotid arteries providing a fully automated approach of the segmentation and centerline detection. First, the volume of interest (VOI) is estimated using a shoulder ...

Baroreflex sensitivity, distensibility coefficient, and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery were determined in a preeclamptic patient during 1st and 3rd trimesters as well as after childbirth. From the beginning of her pregnancy, baroreflex sensitivity and distensibility coefficient of the carotid artery exhibited a parallel decline, whereas the ...

AIM: We examined whether total homocysteine, B vitamins and the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C-->T polymorphism are related to common carotid intima-media thickness, a marker of atherosclerosis, and carotid distension, a marker of arterial stiffness. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from 819 individuals aged 50-70 years. B-mode ultrasound of the distal ...

While the incidence of blunt carotid artery injuries is low, the mortality rate is extremely high (40%). Clinical evidence indicates that the intimal region of the artery often sustains failure, while maintaining the integrity of the outer layers. This condition may lead to delayed ischemic symptoms, commonly reported in clinical ...

We report the case of a bilateral carotid body paraganglioma which gave metastases to the lung parenchyma; the rarity of diffuse visceral spread is emphasised in this article. The patient was a 69-year-old woman operated for a right carotid body paraganglioma in 1997. In August 2002, a recurrent left carotid ...

PURPOSE: To describe percutaneous carotid angioplasty and stenting to treat ocular ischemic syndrome resulting from severe intracranial carotid artery stenosis. DESIGN: Retrospective case series of 3 patients with ocular ischemic syndrome and intracranial carotid artery stenosis. INTERVENTION: All patients underwent carotid artery evaluation, including ultrasound, transcranial Doppler, magnetic resonance imaging ...

The purpose of this report is to examine the contemporary indications for diagnostic carotid arteriography and evaluate its utility and safety when performed by vascular surgeons. The records of all patients having selective carotid arteriography from September 2000 through March 2002 at our institution were reviewed. One hundred sixty-four consecutive ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze retrospectively the treatment of patients referred for carotid artery stenosis to a vascular surgical unit in the 1990's. Main attention was paid to the appropriateness of the indications for CEA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the Pirkanmaa region (population of 440 000), ...

A 60-year-old female was found on a physical examination to have bilateral palpable pulsatile neck masses. She denied local pain, cranial nerve compressive symptoms, or symptoms of cerebral ischemia. Duplex ultrasonography demonstrated bilateral 1.5 x 2.2 cm external carotid artery aneurysms. Isolated bilateral external carotid artery aneurysms were confirmed by ...

A novel model to induce occlusive thrombus formation was developed in mice in vivo. Mice were simultaneously treated with ligation and cuff placement at the left carotid artery. At 7 days after the treatment, occlusive thrombus was observed at the intracuff region, but not in the distal and proximal regions ...

STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To report a previously undescribed complication of prolonged retraction on the normal common carotid artery after anterior cervical spine surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous study showed that prolonged retraction could decrease the blood flow of the common carotid artery during anterior cervical spine surgery. ...

Stiffening of the barosensory vessel wall in hypertension has been suggested to play a role in the associated baroreflex impairment. The carotid distensibility-BRS (baroreflex sensitivity) relationship, however, has not been studied in pre-eclampsia, a condition where hypertension is spontaneously reversible. Twelve normotensive pregnant women and 12 patients with pre-eclampsia matched ...

Studies in adults have shown marked changes in geometry and relative positions of the carotid arteries when rotating the head. The aim of this study was to quantify the change in geometry and analyze its effect on carotid hemodynamics as a result of head rotation. The right carotid arteries of ...

We studied 252 healthy adults by echocardiography and carotid ultrasonography to determine the relation between early subclinical aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Carotid IMT was significantly greater in subjects with AVS than in those without AVS. There was a significant correlation between the grade of AVS ...

OBJECTIVES: To describe a new technique to repair injuries of the common carotid artery. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 30-year-old man sustained an iatrogenic injury to the left common carotid artery during surgical dissection of a left branchial cyst. The artery was repaired as follows: the left external carotid artery ...

The blood flow hemodynamics of carotid arteries were obtained from carotid arteries of 168 individuals with diabetes using the 7.5 MHz ultrasound Doppler M-unit. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) methods were used for feature extraction from the Doppler signals on the time-frequency domain. The parameters, obtained from the Doppler sonograms, were ...

PURPOSE: To determine the changes of multiple hemodynamic parameters and pulse wave contour in pure aortic regurgitation (AR) and to present a new indicator of the severity of AR (shrink ratio of proximal common carotid artery). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sonograms of 42 patients (31 M, 11 F; 16-68 years) ...

In this study we tested the hypothesis that dietary vitamin E supplementation can improve carotid artery elasticity and cardio-vagal baroreflex gain in young, healthy individuals. A total of 20 subjects were studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Subjects in the active treatment group received 700 IU/day vitamin E for ...

The present prospective observational study was conducted in 323 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome, 101 (31%) of whom were diagnosed with carotid arterial narrowing by ultrasonography. At follow-up, patients with carotid disease had a greater incidence of cardiovascular events than did those with normal carotid arteries. Outcomes of patients ...

Pseudoaneurysms and iatrogenic injuries of the extracranial carotid artery are not common but represent unique operative challenges with associated high morbidity and mortality. We report two cases in which a Wallgraft was used via percutaneous femoral access to treat such injuries. In the first, a 6-cm carotid pseudoaneurysm was successfully ...

There are many options available in management of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae (CCF). The carotid occlusion or the carotid preservation techniques are two basic approaches available. This study evaluated the carotid occlusion technique performed at The Udon Thani Center Hospital. We retrospectively studied 12 consecutive cases of traumatic CCF. The patients ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was not only to establish the applicability of color Doppler ultrasound of the neck vessels in patients with tumors of the oral cavity and the neck region but also to check whether the coexistence of sclerotic changes in the carotid arteries is essential in ...

BACKGROUND: Carotid artery dissection (CAD) is a frequent cause of ischemic stroke in patients under 40 years. It happen spontaneously or after various degree of trauma. CASE REPORT: In this report we present a case of 33 years-old woman with dissection of the common carotid and internal carotid artery after ...

Patient selection is of the utmost importance with all endovascular procedures. It is equally important to select the appropriate protection device during carotid angioplasty/stenting (CAS). CAS in two patients was unsuccessful due to the chosen protection device. Occlusion of the external carotid artery while deploying a Parodi Anti-Embolic-System Device (PAEC ...