The cristal artery is an occasional finding, being visible in around 3% of coronary angiograms, arising from the proximal right coronary artery (RCA) and passing downwards and forwards through the muscle of the crista superventricularis. It supplies a variable volume of the superior interventricular septum, and can contribute to collateralization ...

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive technique that allows continuous monitoring of the regional hemoglobin oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) index. We evaluated its application to survey perioperative lower limb perfusion. Methods: A total of 10 patients (7 men, aged 71) were monitored during abdominal surgery for aortic aneurysms. The rSO(2) ...

Abstract Purpose: To define predictive factors for endoleak type II (EL-II) based on quantifiable factors in the imaging studies of patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods: The data on 208 consecutive patients (137 men; mean age 75.2 years, range 62-84) who underwent EVAR between the years 2003 and 2008 were ...

INTRODUCTION: The Woven Endobridge (WEB II) device (Sequent Medical, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, USA) is an intra-saccular, oblate, braided-wire embolization device designed to provide flow disruption at the aneurysm neck-parent artery interface. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute and short-term performance of the WEB II device ...

We describe a six-month-old girl with microcephaly, developmental delay, truncal hypotonia, left pyramidal signs, partial seizures and myoclonic spasms, born to a feverish mother. MRI showed bilateral vascular lesions in the territory of the middle cerebral arteries, prevalent in the right hemisphere, together with hypoplasia of the posterior part of ...

Background Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has become the primary non-invasive method for detection of cerebral artery aneurysms in many neurovascular centers. Purpose To compare MR-angiography at a 3.0 tesla (3T) scanner to CTA in the detection of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Material and Methods CTA and 3T MRA data from 60 ...

PURPOSE: To test the efficacy and viability of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres encapsulating an inclusion complex of prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) for pulmonary delivery of PGE(1) for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a disease of pulmonary circulation. METHODS: PLGA-based microparticulate formulations of PGE(1)-HPβCD inclusion complex or ...

PROBLEM: High resolution, non-contrast imaging of both cerebral veins and arteries by use of gradient echo T2 star weighted angiography (SWAN) is a new method for susceptibility-weighted imaging with short acquisition times. We assessed the potential of this sequence for the depiction of both cerebral veins and arteries. METHODS: 15 ...

Echocardiography is widely used in the investigation of patients with suspected SSc-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH). We investigated whether CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) provides additive diagnostic value. Data for 89 consecutive patients with suspected SSc-PAH undergoing echocardiography, CTPA and right heart catheterization were reviewed. Pulmonary artery diameter (dPA) and ascending ...

A young woman with a mechanical mitral valve and prosthetic mitral stenosis underwent multiple imaging modalities (including transthoracic ECHO, fluoroscopy, and two-dimensional transesophageal ECHO) to determine the cause of her stenosis. Only three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated the full size and extent of an obstructing mass on the strut and sewing ...

Degenerative aneurysms of the thoracic aorta are increasing in prevalence; open repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Repair of isolated descending thoracic aortic aneurysms using stent grafts was introduced in 1995, and in an anatomically suitable subgroup of patients with thoracic ...

To evaluate the etiology of unusual manifestation of hemoperitoneum and the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). A retrospective review of patients at three hospitals was performed. A total of 12 patients (M:F = 5:7, mean age: 48) had massive hemoperitoneum without evidence of an intramuscular hematoma on CT (n = 10) or US ...

Resistin may play a major potential role in vascular remodelling and may contribute to atherogenesis. However, the role of VSMC (vascular smooth muscle cell)-derived resistin in neointimal formation is not well understood. We hypothesize that endogenous resistin derived from VSMCs may contribute to neointimal formation after vascular injury. VSMCs from ...

J. Ogata, H. Yamanishi and H. Ishibashi-Ueda (2011) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology37, 40-55 Role of cerebral vessels in ischaemic injury of the brain This review discusses the pathological changes in the heart and vessels underlying brain ischaemic injury, with a major focus on atherosclerotic disease of the brain induced by ...

Permanent endovascular stenting is gradually becoming recognized as a safe and efficacious method for treating a variety of arterial diseases. The literature on its application in trauma care is sparse, although indications for usage continue to evolve. We retrospectively reviewed all penetrating extremity trauma treated with endovascular therapy at our ...

Background: The area of vascular supply of particular coronary arteries is directly linked to the varying typology of the coronary vasculature. This factor may have a significant influence on the coronary vessel diameters. To date there has been no published research that analyses the relationship between the type of coronary ...

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor and is thought to be responsible for secondary ischemia and vasogenic edema after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Both CSF and plasma concentrations have been shown to be increased after TBI, but there is little evidence to confirm an intracranial site of production. Using paired ...

OBJECTIVES: Determine whether valve morphology, pulmonary annulus diameter, aortic/pulmonic annulus ratio, balloon-to-annulus ratio (BAR), pre-pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty (PBV), Doppler gradient, and residual Doppler gradient are independent predictors of immediate and long-term results after PBV in dogs as in humans. ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study. Medical records of dogs that ...

Traumatic intracranial aneurysms are rare, usually occur as a result of traffic accidents, and are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. A 12-year-old boy was admitted for treatment of cerebral hemorrhage in the left frontal lobe, 3 months after a traffic accident. Angiography revealed an intracranial aneurysm of ...

Axillary artery is one of the most important arteries of the upper limb, which is a continua- tion of the subclavian artery. It begins at the lateral border of the first rib and ends at the inferior border of the teres major where it becomes the brachial artery. Axillary artery ...

Congenital aortic valve atresia is usually part of a developmental anomaly usually called 'hypoplastic left-heart syndrome'. To the best of our knowledge, most reported cases of aortic atresia have been associated with hypoplasia of the ascending aorta, of the left ventricle, and of the mitral valve. We report a patient ...

Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor gene (BMPR-II) are the major cause of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Although both endothelial and smooth muscle cell BMPR-II dysfunction have been seen to contribute to pulmonary hypertension in vivo, little is known about the impact of BMPR-II mutation on ...

The internal thoracic artery (ITA) is considered to be the optimal conduit for surgical coronary artery revascularization. Variations in ITA anatomy are relatively common and may impact surgical results. The ITA usually arises from the intrascalenic (first) part of the subclavian artery (SCA) and, occasionally, from the interscalenic (second) part. ...

Significant changes in the management of patients, with possible or documented injuries to peripheral arteries, have occurred over the last 20 years. Based on recent military experience, it is likely that the use of tourniquets by civilian emergency medical services systems will increase. Evaluation in the emergency center will continue ...

In lower extremity trauma, it is routine to check the neurovascular status of the affected limb. Failure to recognise a vascular injury can have catastrophic consequences for the patient. The frequent observation of the distal pulses at regular intervals after a traumatic knee dislocation is absolutely mandatory for the early ...

WoundStat (WS) (TraumaCure, Bethesda, MD) is a topical hemostatic agent that effectively stops severe hemorrhage in animal models. To the best of our knowledge, no survival study has been conducted to ensure long-term product safety. We evaluated vascular patency and tissue responses to WS in a swine femoral artery injury ...

A variety of protective strategies during repeat sternotomy been proposed; however, it remains unclear for which patients they are warranted. We identified adults undergoing repeat median sternotomy for routine cardiac surgery at our institution between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2007. The operative notes and perioperative outcomes were reviewed. ...

The authors report a case of a 29-year-old male patient with severe burn injuries (54% TBSA) and inhalation injury. He developed a candidemia and a cutaneous zygomycotic superinfection with Rhizopus oryzae while he received burn intensive care. Despite aggressive surgery, sepsis persisted, and therapy was limited by uncontrollable coagulopathy and ...

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the study is to establish an experimental model for upper-pole nephrectomy using tridimensional endocasts of human kidneys. Materials and Methods: We studied 104 kidneys from 52 adults. The ureters, veins, and arteries were dissected and injected with yellow, blue, and red polyester resin, respectively. While ...

Study Type - Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 •  This study was performed to histologically determine the rate of arterial injury in varicocele ligation surgery and to determine the clinical significance of these arterial injuries. •  41 men who underwent varicocele ligation surgery, and had segments of each ligated ...

Retrospective review of arterial injury with prospective intra-observer and inter-observer analyses. To introduce a new classification system for arterial injuries in the extremities and trunk. Retrospective review of all patients with arterial injuries treated at a level I trauma centre during a 3.5-year period. Major arteries were located and coded, ...

Ischemia-related neurological injury is a primary cause of stroke disability. Studies have demonstrated that xenon (Xe) may have potential as an effective and nontoxic neuroprotectant. Xe delivery is, however, hampered by lack of suitable administration methods. We have developed a pressurization-freeze method to encapsulate Xe into echogenic liposomes (Xe-ELIP) and ...

Blunt cerebrovascular injuries, defined as blunt injuries to the internal carotid or vertebral arteries, are uncommon and usually occur in victims of high-speed deceleration motor vehicle crashes. A blunt cerebrovascular injury after an equestrian accident is an extremely unusual presentation. In recent years, advances in screening and treatment with pharmacologic ...

Failure to recognize popliteal artery injury and restore vessel continuity of flow after blunt trauma is a major cause of lower extremity amputation and morbidity. A high index of suspicion and early recognition of the injury are paramount for limb salvage. We experienced a rare case of poplitial artery occlusion ...

BACKGROUND:: The objective of this study is to report a temporary, ex vivo, distal extremity revascularization technique providing distal perfusion and allowing for a staged repair of complex iliofemoral injury. In addition, the objective of this report is to provide outcome data after this novel procedure including mortality, limb salvage, ...

Management of zone I gunshot injuries to the neck is controversial. Endovascular and endoscopic therapies are appealing minimally invasive alternatives, but they are still evolving. This case report demonstrates effective stent grafting of an arterial and an esophageal zone I neck injury after a civilian gunshot.

Pulmonary contusion is a common finding after blunt chest trauma. The physiologic consequences of alveolar hemorrhage and pulmonary parenchymal destruction typically manifest themselves within hours of injury and usually resolve within approximately 7 days. Clinical symptoms, including respiratory distress with hypoxemia and hypercarbia, peak at about 72 h after injury. ...

Rosiglitazone has been the focus of extensive discussion. To evaluate the effects of rosiglitazone on iliac arteries, both at the injury site and the contralateral artery, of hypercholesterolemic rabbits undergoing balloon catheter injury. White male rabbits were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet by oral gavage for 6 weeks and divided into ...

The sulfur-containing amino acid, taurine, has been shown to ameliorate the vascular disorders. We examined the effects of taurine ingestion on intimal thickening following balloon injury. Balloon injury was induced in the left common carotid artery of Wistar rats. Taurine (3% (w/v)) was mixed in the drinking water from 2 ...

Injury to the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) is an extremely rare complication of blunt neck trauma. The subtle initial clinical presentation and the potential life-threatening sequelae make it a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We report a case of an ITA pseudoaneurysm caused by seat-belt injury. Imaging findings and successful treatment ...

BACKGROUND: Popliteal artery war wounds can bleed severely and historically have high rates of amputation associated with ligation (72%) and repair (32%). More than before, casualties are now surviving the initial medical evacuation and presenting with severely injured limbs that prompt immediate limb salvage decisions in the midst of life-saving ...

Nail-gun injuries have become an increasingly prevalent source of penetrating intracranial trauma. Few cases of intracranial nail-gun injuries disturbing major cerebrovascular structures have been reported, and none entailing basilar artery involvement. We report here the case of a 51-year-old male with an intracranial nail-gun injury involving penetration of the distal ...

BACKGROUND: Blunt injury to the thoracic aorta continues to carry significant mortality and the diagnostic algorithms are evolving as new technology is developed. With improved pre-hospital care, patients with unusual blunt injuries to the aorta may survive to evaluation. While current algorithms for screening focus on the more common blunt ...

BACKGROUND: Trauma to the common or external iliac arteries has a mortality rate of 24% to 60%. "Damage control" options for these severely injured vessels are either ligation or temporary intravascular shunts (TIVSs). Complications of ligation include a 50% amputation rate and up to 90% mortality. The primary goal of ...

Transradial coronary intervention (TRI) introduces a trauma to the radial artery (RA), possibly influencing quality as a bypass conduit if subsequently used. We sought to determine the acute and chronic effects of TRI on the RA by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Immediately after TRI completion, 73 RAs in 69 patients ...

Vascular injuries caused by subclavian central venous catheter (CVC) insertion can be associated with major complications. Such injuries differ in clinical presentation as well as optimal management, which ranges from observation only to surgical or endovascular repair. We report an injury to a branch of the internal mammary artery following ...

In burned sheep, we showed more than a 10-fold increase in bronchial blood flow following smoke inhalation. It was previously reported that sclerosis of the bronchial artery prior to smoke exposure reduces the pathophysiology of the inhalation insult. We hypothesized that sclerosis of the bronchial artery after insult attenuates smoke/burn-induced ...

The transcription factor ETS-1 is a critical mediator of vascular inflammation and hypertrophy in hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that ETS-1 is a mediator of proinflammatory responses and neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury of the carotid artery. For this study, we took advantage of the availability of an ETS-1 dominant-negative ...

Ischemic foot is a condition of decreased arterial perfusion. It has several etiologies, atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease, including that secondary to diabetes mellitus, being the most common. Other potential causes of ischemic foot are acute embolism from cardiac, arterial or paradoxical sources, and thrombosis secondary to arterial blood clots due ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical application of the medial approach for repairing popliteal artery injuries. METHODS: From 2002 to 2008, 11 cases of popliteal artery injuries had been repaired via the medial approach. Of these cases, 8 had limb fractures, 1 had knee dislocation, and 2 had visceral injuries. Ten ...