Complications due to vertebroplasty may be divided into two categories whether or not they are related to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement leakage from the compressed vertebral body. PMMA leakage is a very frequent occurrence in vertebroplasty is also the main source of complications. Neurological complications are due to cement leakage into ...

Intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) is the only treatment that has demonstrated benefit in patients with acute basilar artery occlusions (ABAO). IAT may be difficult to perform when access to the occluded basilar artery (BA) is prevented by pathology of the vertebral arteries (VA). We report on two patients with ABAO due ...

BACKGROUND: Ten randomly selected adult cadaveric specimens were dissected to analyse the anatomy of the vertebral artery during its course from the C3 transverse process to its entry into the spinal dural canal at the level of C1. In addition, 10 dry cadaveric C1-C2 bones were studied. The course of ...

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We are sometimes involved in the care of patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1 because of the associated disorders of cervicocerebral vessels. However, extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm in neurofibromatosis Type 1 is very rare. We present the first reported case of a rupture of an extracranial vertebral artery ...

Vertebral artery dissections (VAD) are known to occur as a result of mechanical manipulations of the cervical region, traumatic injury, iatrogenic injury and are also known to arise spontaneously. We report a case of vertebral artery dissection following vertebral artery cannulation during a central line placement and review the literature. ...

Elongation and bending of the basilar artery are frequently observed in both normal and pathological subjects. However, their mechanism of generation remain unclear. In the present study, we measured basilar arteries in patients and normal subjects using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and estimated the relationships between these anatomical changes and ...

The vertebral artery is usually described as the first branch of the subclavian artery, originating medial to the scalenus anterior muscle. During its cervical course, the vertebral artery presents a prevertebral segment and then enters the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra. We describe a case of an unusual ...

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the anatomic significance and sites of aortic bifurcation, right renal artery, and conus medullaris when locating lumbar vertebral segments on MRI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. The study group was composed of 210 patients who underwent MRI of the lumbosacral spine. The position of aortic bifurcation was evaluated ...

Anomalous origin of the right vertebral artery from the right common carotid artery occurs rarely. To the best of our knowledge, the medical literature contains no information about gray-scale and Doppler sonography findings in this anomaly, despite the extensive information available from angiographic studies and postmortem examinations. We present the ...

We report a case of symptomatic symmetrical, bilateral absence of the cavernous internal carotid (ICA) and transdural vertebral artery (VA) segments with formation of a rete mirabile. There have been similar reports in Asian patients; ours is the first in the Western population. A 29- year-old woman presented with recurrent ...

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Fusiform aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar arteries that progressively enlarge causing symptomatic brainstem compression are dangerous and their treatment is difficult. A patient with such an aneurysm treated successfully with staged, microsurgical occlusions of the proximal vertebral arteries is described, and the literature pertaining to this rare condition ...

We report the case of a young man with anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarct causing unilateral deafness. Clinical features and audiometry suggested cochlear localization for deafness. MRI brain showed an infarct in the right AICA territory with involvement of pons. Involvement of the internal auditory artery explains the cochlear deafness.

INTRODUCTION: The foramen of Vicq d'Azyr, is a triangular-shaped area located rostral to the ventral median fissure of the medulla oblongata. Its importance relies on the fact that it is penetrated by small vessels from the vertebrobasilar axis that nourish vital pontine nuclei and tracts. We described the microvascular anatomy ...

OBJECTIVE: Thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic repair are still complicated by spinal cord ischemia and paraplegia. The aim of the present article is to present the results of an anatomical study conducted by means of both postmortem injection of the vertebral artery and perfusion of the abdominal aorta. METHODS: The spinal ...

The present study investigated the ultrastructural features of the basilar artery of the largest rodent species, the capybara. The study suggests that the general ultrastructural morphological organization of the basilar artery of the capybara is similar to that of small rodents. However, there are some exceptions. The basilar artery of ...

Blood flow to the hindbrain, via the paired vertebral arteries, must be uncompromised for adequate neurological functioning of its vital centres. Therefore, it would seem unlikely that the intracranial vertebral artery would need to vasoconstrict, thus reducing its blood flow. In order to investigate the existence and location of a ...

BACKGROUND: Neurologic deficits in patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome usually are attributed to direct compression of neuronal structures or hypoperfusion secondary to compression of the vertebral arteries by bony abnormalities. OBJECTIVE: To describe a 38-year-old woman with known Klippel-Feil syndrome who developed lateropulsion. RESULTS: The results of magnetic resonance imaging were ...

BACKGROUND: Microvascular decompression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm (HFS) has been established and has brought about excellent results. However, recurrence or lack of relief from the symptoms was experienced in some cases in which the nerve root or root exit zone were compressed by the vertebral ...

Summary: Ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADA) re-bleed frequently especially during first 24 hours, which makes the prognosis of the patients with this disease poor. Recently endovascular trapping with detachable platinum coils at an acute stage has been done for preventing re-bleeding. However, for the cases with dissecting aneurysm involving ...

In the present prospective study colour duplex ultrasound was used to investigate the vertebral arteries in 117 patients referred for carotid duplex examination. The study aimed to identify flow abnormalities and factors influencing blood flow haemodynamics by calculating the resistance index (RI) in the vertebral and common carotid arteries. Vertebral ...

The authors used magnetic resonance angiography to examine the intracranial and cervical vascular structures of individuals who suffer from drop attacks. Normal structural configurations of the circle of Willis and the vertebrobasilar arterial system were compared to the vascular patterns of 10 subjects with these episodic tonic or atonic attacks. ...

We describe a 52-year-old woman who experienced transient motor weakness and numbness of the left extremities and presented 2 days later with severe hemiparesis and sensory impairment of the right extremities and right lingual palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral upper medial medullary infarction, primarily in the left ventral ...

The objective was to report examples of degeneration of the costovertebral articulation producing a pulmonary pseudolesion. Three cases in which a nodular opacity seen on plain radiograph was determined to be secondary to degeneration of the costovertebral articulation were compiled, one of which was confirmed by CT. Pseudolesions produced by ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: No large-scale study has ever compared the clinical and radiological features of lateral medullary infarction (LMI) and medial medullary infarction (MMI). The aim of this study was to investigate them through the use of cooperatively collected cases. METHODS: Medical information on all patients from 1996 to 2000 ...

BACKGROUND: There are only a few descriptions in the literature of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms responsible for erosion of the vertebral column and compression of the spinal cord. This case is therefore presented to provide an opportunity to discuss the pathomechanic aspects and to demonstrate the feasibility of total surgical repair ...

We sought to investigate the potential benefit in examining extracranial vertebral arteries (ExVA) with an echo contrast agent. A total of 26 patients with insufficiently assessable ExVA underwent extracranial duplex sonography without and with an echo contrast medium. All examinations were recorded and analysed independently by two experienced sonographers. Interrater ...

A 45-year-old man developed severe cough with cervical pain. The patient was unable to hold an upright position. The origin of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery was not enhanced by angiography. MRI showed a high signal intensity string-like structure of the right vertebral artery. In young patients, Wallenberg's syndrome ...

BACKGROUND: There is limited data in the literature related to the microanatomic features of the perforating branches of the vertebral artery. METHODS: The 44 vertebral arteries and their branches were injected with india ink or a radiopaque substance and examined under the stereoscopic microscope. RESULTS: The perforating arteries were noted ...

PURPOSE: To describe the neuroimaging findings in a patient with an isolated abducens nerve palsy caused by a dolichoectatic basilar artery. DESIGN: Retrospective case report. METHODS: A 65-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of gradually worsening horizontal double vision. He subsequently underwent magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, and ...

Ipsilateral vertebral artery injuries are a rare entity following trauma to the neck. We discuss the first case of an isolated right vertebral artery injury in a patient with a left stab wound. The patient required bilateral neck explorations and, due to massive bleeding, a median sternotomy in order to ...

Ultrasound of the extracranial vertebral artery (VA) is a valuable technique. This review outlines VA anatomy and the technical aspects of ultrasound scanning of the VA, then proceeds to demonstrate and discuss the use of ultrasound of the VA in identifying vertebral-subclavian and coronary-subclavian steal syndromes, aortic valve disease, stenosis ...

BACKGROUND: There are few studies carried out to reveal lumbar arterial anatomy. The studies of vascular anatomy of the lumbar zone are usually based on the angiographic imaging methods and barium injected radiographic sections of human specimens. METHODS: Upon the recent breakthroughs in the microscopic anatomic dissections, the vascular structure ...

ntroduction: Athrosclerosis and cerebrovascular events are from the main causes of human modality and disability. The purpose of this paper is to investigate atherosclerotic plagues and stenos is in carotid and vertebral arteries in patient with history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) Methods: In a cross -sectional study, 100 ...

We report long-term (average 30 months) clinical and radiological follow-up of 16 consecutive patients with uni- or bilateral proximal vertebral artery stenosis who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), without stenting, between 1995 and 1998. Assessment was performed by an independent neurologist. All patients but one remained asymptomatic during follow-up; moderate ...

Treatment for individuals suffering from migraines and pain due to an inflammation or impingement of a nerve range from noninvasive methods such as massage, physical therapy, and medications to invasive methods such as epidural steroid injections and surgery. Each method of treatment has an associated level of risk. While minor ...

There are scant data in the literature regarding distances from the midline to the suboccipital segment of the vertebral artery, and to our knowledge, none addressing this measurement in the pediatric population. This study seeks to establish age-related distances (Y) from the laterally placed vertebral artery to the midline at ...

A vertebral artery (VA) coursing below the posterior arch of the atlas (C1) without passing through the transverse foramen of C1, combined with a tortuous course within the spinal canal has rarely been reported in the literature. This article describes a case encountered during an anatomical study of the far-lateral ...

The vessels that originate from the aortic arch were studied in 16 adult guinea-pigs. Two major vessels, the left subclavian artery and the brachiocephalic trunk, were easily identified as they were branching off from the aortic arch. The brachiocephalic trunk, at first branched off to the left common carotid artery ...

A 26-year-old woman presented with acute headache and hand-motion vision in both eyes. One day prior to presentation she went to her chiropractor for cervical manipulation. The patient had received 20 chiropractic manipulations over the previous two years. CT scan and MRI showed bilateral, symmetric occipital-parietal hemorrhagic infarctions. Angiography revealed ...

Acute basilar artery occlusion has a mortality rate approaching 90%. The authors describe a case of acute basilar artery occlusion managed successfully with endovascular embolectomy. A 31-year-old man sought treatment for confusion, dysarthria, and right-sided weakness. He soon became unresponsive and was found to have a vertebral artery dissection and ...

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is increasingly used for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures. Local leakage of polymethylmethacrylate cement into the perivertebral space is a common complication, but important systemic effects have rarely been reported. The authors describe the case of a 52-year-old patient with central pulmonary embolism after percutaneous vertebroplasty of ...

An arteriovenous (AV) fistula involving the cervical vertebral artery is rare. Iatrogenic injury from percutaneous puncture and penetrating wounds are the most common causes. Symptoms include tinnitus and the presence of a pulsatile mass with a thrill. Conservative treatment with coil embolization and preservation of the vertebral artery is an ...

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a systemic arteriopathy which tends to affect renal arteries followed by cervicocranial vessels. It can lead to cerebral infarction if cephalic arteries are involved. FMD is an unusual cause of stroke in childhood that generally affects the carotid area. Only four cases of vertebral FMD and ...

BACKGROUND: The posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA) arise from the intracranial segments of the vertebral artery (VA). We report a case where a nondominant isolated vertebral artery, which terminated in PICA, was stenotic. This resulted in brainstem-lower cerebellar ischemia, corrected with balloon angioplasty. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 62-year-old male presented primarily ...

Management of arterial dissections can be particularly challenging. We report a case of vertebral artery dissection in which perfusion- and diffusion-weighted MR imaging findings suggested the presence of salvageable tissue, despite that the patient had symptoms for more than 40 hours. Direct access to the distal vascular territory was unattainable, ...

The options for treating giant fusiform basilar aneurysms are limited, and the potential impact of planned interventions is difficult to assess. We developed a computational framework to evaluate the impact that interventions might have on hemodynamic conditions. A computational fluid dynamics approach was used to determine the velocity field, wall ...

Using duplex ultrasonography (US), the authors showed compression of the extracranial vertebral artery (ECVA) during neck rotation in 5.0% of 1,108 patients. Age (per 10-year increase, OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.96), vessel diameters (per 0.5-mm diameter increase, OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.79), and symptoms upon neck ...

The relations between angiographic manifestations and operative findings of hemifacial spasm were studied in 70 cases between 1988 and 2001. Vertebral angiography was performed, and Towne, straight AP, and lateral projections were routinely examined. The dominant anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) directly compressed the facial nerve root exit zone in ...

OBJECTIVE: Managing lesions situated in the anterior aspect of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) remains a challenging neurosurgical problem. The purposes of this study were to examine the microsurgical anatomy of the anterior extradural aspect of the CVJ and the differences in the exposure obtained by the far lateral and extreme ...

A 43-year-old man developed cerebellar infarction due to atlantoaxial dislocation associated with os odontoideum. Cervical X-ray films confirmed os odontoideum, and conventional angiography revealed irregular narrowing of the right vertebral artery at the axis level. A correlation between the vertebral artery lesion and atlantoaxial instability was shown with 3-dimensional (3-D) ...