In this review we discuss the association of overall hypofibrinolysis and individual fibrinolytic protein levels with venous and arterial thrombosis. Decreased overall fibrinolytic potential and high plasma levels of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor have been consistently associated with risk of venous thrombosis, whereas little evidence exists for a role of plasminogen, ...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a rare cause of cerebral sinus thrombosis. We describe a 10-year-old patient with UC who developed cerebral sinus thrombosis during an acute exacerbation of his colitis and was found to be heterozygous for factor V Leiden. He was successfully treated with enoxaparin. Enoxaparin was then used ...

Thrombosis of the ascending aorta is a rare, potentially lethal complication. We report the case of a 56-year-old woman with a massive but subclinic thrombosis of the ascending aorta after two cycles of chemotherapy due to an epidermoid lung carcinoma stage T3 N2 M0. An emergent aortic thrombectomy was performed ...

Acute coronary syndrome due to left main coronary artery (LMCA) thrombosis is a catastrophic event associated with poor prognosis and high in-hospital mortality. Early recognition and emergent revascularization is vital for survival. Unfortunately, the electrocardiographic manifestations of LMCA thrombosis are nonspecific. This report describes the electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in a ...

Stent thrombosis is a severe complication associated with percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). The optimal treatment strategy of this complication is not well known, although emergency PCI in hospitals with 24h facilities for urgent coronary angiography is still considered the best solution. The present report describes four cases of subacute and ...

OBJECTIVE: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis (venous and arterial) and pregnancy loss in conjunction with the lupus anticoagulant, IgG or IgM anticardiolipin, or IgG or IgM anti-beta2-glycoprotein I. In most series, only a minority of patients with antiphospholipid antibodies develop a clinical manifestation. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of ...

We report on a 15-year-old girl referred to us for dyspnea. Investigations revealed multiple pulmonary emboli originating from iliac vein thrombosis. As under heparin therapy, d-dimers rose again and the thrombus grew significantly in size while platelet count decreased by >30%. A diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) type II was ...

Hereditary spherocytosis is a common form of hemolytic anemia sometimes requiring splenectomy in recalcitrant cases. The complications of splenectomy include an increased risk of thrombosis, usually presenting with deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. However, common complaints such as headache should warn clinicians of involvement in less common sites, primarily ...

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is an uncommon disease marked by clotting of blood in cerebral venous, or dural sinuses, and, in rare cases, cortical veins. It is a rare but potentially fatal cause of acute neurological deterioration previously related to otomastoid, orbit, and central face cutaneous infections. After the advent ...

We report on a case of thrombosis of the left common iliac artery following anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) of L4-5 in a 79-year-old man with no previous medical problems, including peripheral vascular disease. After completing the ALIF procedure, the surgeon could not feel the pulsation of the left dorsalis ...

The relationship between defective fibrinolysis and arterial thrombosis is uncertain. The evaluation of the plasma fibrinolytic potential might provide stronger evidence linking fibrinolysis to arterial thrombosis than the evaluation of the individual fibrinolytic factors. We determined the plasma fibrinolytic potential of 335 young survivors of a first arterial thrombosis, including ...

A 12-year-old boy who presented with headache and papilledema was diagnosed with cerebral sinus venous thrombosis and promyelocytic leukemia. Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis is an uncommon manifestation of acute promyelocytic leukemia, and acute promyelocytic leukemia is an unusual etiology for cerebral sinus venous thrombosis. This case highlights the importance of ...

This is a review of less well-known aspects of thrombophilia and hypercoagulability as they relate to thrombosis. Thrombosis is an abnormal fibrin clot that develops in circulating blood with clinical symptoms of one or more arterial and/or venous obstructions exclusively identified by imaging techniques. The terms thrombophilia and hypercoagulability are ...

Intracranial venous thrombosis is rarely seen prior to delivery. We present our anesthetic management of a term parturient with an acute onset severe superior sagittal sinus thrombosis urgently referred to us. General anesthesia was performed in order to avoid potential increased risk of morbidity after spinal anesthesia in this particular ...

We describe a case of a man, 42 years old, submitted to successful fibrinolitic strategy with rTPA in acute mitralic prosthesis valve thrombosis and ipomobility of one emidisk. There aren't a consensus agreement in therapeutic strategy but we may support the approach of some authors that employ fibrinolisis in patients ...

A persistent sciatic artery is a rare embryological anomaly. We report a case of a persistent sciatic artery with aneurysm formation and thrombosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis/systemic lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome and Raynaud's phenomenon. The diagnosis and complete, accurate evaluation of the arterial anatomy of the lower limb ...

A 55-year-old man presented with generalized seizures and postictal left hemiparesis. Computed tomography scanning of his head showed a low density area in the right frontal lobe. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a partial defect in the superior sagittal sinus and cortical veins, indicating the presence of cerebral venous thrombosis. He had ...

Thromboembolic complications, such as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, are well recognized in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We describe three cases of cerebral venous thrombosis complicating ulcerative colitis. Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare but potentially devastating complication of IBD, and the diagnosis needs to be considered ...

Venous and arterial thromboembolism is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Arterial thrombosis of the splanchnic region is a rare event with a very high mortality rate. Furthermore, it represents a challenging complication since it tends to be overlooked and misinterpreted as a ...

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired stem cell disorder, with its primary clinical manifestations being hemolytic anemia, marrow failure and thrombophilia. Chronic hemolysis, failures of the fibrinolytic system, increased leukocyte-derived tissue factor levels in plasma, procoagulant microparticles generated through complement-mediated damage of platelets and venous endothelium are related ...

Thrombophilia, which severely impacts on morbidity and mortality of polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia, is variably characterized by microcirculatory disturbances, arterial and venous thromboses that often precede disease recognition. Thus, the search for Janus Kinase 2 mutation, the molecular marker of myeloproliferative neoplasms, is becoming increasingly common particularly in patients ...

We depict a case of a 32 year old Mediterranean man, presenting with pulmonary embolism, and diffuse arterial thrombosis of the lower extremities. CT angiography revealed bilateral pulmonary artery occlusions and a mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Duplex Ultrasound of the lower extremities showed no deep venous thrombosis, but occluded popliteal arteries bilaterally ...

In a 12-member, 3-generation kindred with conjoint inheritance of G1691A factor V Leiden (FVL) and G20210A prothrombin gene (PTG) mutations, identified through a proband with amaurosis fugax and his father with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), the authors' hypothesis was that ocular thrombosis was a diagnostic window to familial thrombophilia-thrombosis. ...

Cerebrovascular thrombosis is a major source of morbidity and mortality after surgery, but thromboprophylaxis in this setting is limited because of the formidable risk of perioperative bleeding. Thrombolytics (eg, tissue-type plasminogen activator [tPA]) cannot be used prophylactically in this high-risk setting because of their short duration of action and risk ...

Of the 488 pediatric patients with thrombosis in a single center, 50 (10.2%) had nonstroke arterial thrombosis. Half of the nonstroke arterial thrombosis patients had a preceding arterial catheterization history. Infection was a common contributing underlying disorder among both catheterized and overall groups (28 and 42%, respectively). The third most ...

BACKGROUND: A 40-year-old man presented to an emergency department with slurred speech, diplopia and agitation several hours after cocaine use. His level of consciousness rapidly dropped in the hours following presentation. INVESTIGATIONS: Physical examination, CT scan of the head, cerebral angiography. DIAGNOSIS: Cocaine-induced basilar artery thrombosis. MANAGEMENT: Intra-arterial thombolysis, mechanical ...

Trousseau Syndrome is a paraneoplastic procoagulant phenomenon. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare complication of anticoagulation with heparin. To our knowledge, the coincidence of the two has not been reported so far. We report a case of an acute thrombosis of the left femoral artery and distal leg arteries in ...

The antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by arterial and venous thrombosis and is associated with the presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies. Arterial thrombosis can result in myocardial infarction, which may potentially lead to end-stage heart failure. Here we report our anticoagulation protocol for patients with antiphospholipid syndrome that undergo axial-flow left ...

BACKGROUND: Compartment syndrome is a potentially devastating complication with possible permanent neuromuscular and kidney damage. CASE: A woman who had undergone radical hysterectomy with pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy was diagnosed with compartment syndrome of the lower left limb. Thrombosis of the left common iliac artery was also found after emergency ...

It has been known for a long time that blood coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) is essential for maintaining haemostasis, its deficiency leads to severe bleeding complication. Biochemical studies have revealed that FXIII is a key regulator of fibrinolysis and, in addition to its role in haemostasis, it has also been ...

Among 418 patients with polycythemia vera seen at our institution and in whom pruritus history was recorded, the presence of pruritus at diagnosis was documented in 131 (31%) and its absence in 287 (69%). Pruritus was less frequently reported by smokers (12% vs. 24%; P = 0.004) and diabetics (5% ...

Rivaroxaban is a small molecule, direct Factor Xa inhibitor and may be a potentially attractive alternative to vitamin K antagonists. Rivaroxaban is being investigated for the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis. A broad search of Medline, clinicaltrials.gov and the annual proceedings of the American Society of Hematology ...

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is infrequent among cerebrovascular diseases. The simultaneous thrombosis involving both cerebral artery and venous sinus is even extremely rare. We reported a 41-year-old woman who presented with acute headache and left hemiparesis due to concomitant arterial ischemic stroke and recurrent CVT. Extensive investigation disclosed acquired protein ...

Lower cranial nerve schwannomas are rare tumours. We present a 35 year old female patient who had a lower cranial nerve schwannoma with both intracranial and extracranial components. The internal jugular vein was injured during the dissection of the extracranial portion of the tumour. Ligation of the internal jugular vein ...

Venous thrombosis of the upper extremity is a rare disease. Therefore, not as much is known about risk factors, treatment and the risk of recurrence as for venous thrombosis of the leg. Only central venous catheters and strenuous exercise are commonly known risk factors for an upper extremity venous thrombosis. ...

Recurrent cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), as a manifestation of paraneoplastic angiitis and revealing of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease (NLPHD), is an extremely rare condition. We herein report a 55-year-old man who developed recurrent CVT despite efficacious anticoagulant therapy and subsequent stenting of the superior longitudinal sinus. Progressive neurological deterioration ...

Oral bacteria have been detected at atherosclerotic plaque, aneurysms, and thrombosed arteries in Buerger disease. We explored a possible relationship between the oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis and arterial thrombosis at proximal and distal sites in rats. Eighteen rats underwent subcutaneous placement of an infusion pump connected to the jugular vein. ...

Factor XII deficiency is associated with increased risk for both arterial and venous thrombosis. We describe a case of DVT involving superficial femoral and popliteal vein occurred following total hip replacement and despite prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin in a subject with previous acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Tests of ...

Arterial thrombosis is a rare complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The overall incidence of arterial complications after TKA, including arterial occlusion, arteriovenous fistula, arterial aneurysm, and arterial severance, varies between 0.03% and 0.17% in reports published in the orthopedic literature (J Vasc Surg 1994;20:927-932). We report a case of ...

Arterial emboli are largely a reflection of cardiac disease. Thalidomide is an antiangiogenic drug used in cancer therapy. Venous thrombosis incidence increased during treatment with thalidomide. We reported arterial thrombosis in two cases with multiple myeloma implemented in thalidomide treatment. Standard emergency intervention was applied. In the postoperative period, enoxiparine ...

BACKGROUND: The views and clinical practice of children's cancer units were surveyed regarding management of central venous catheter (CVC) occlusion (CVC-occlusion), CVC-related thrombosis (CVC-thrombosis) and thromboembolism (CVC-thromboembolism). PROCEDURE: A questionnaire was sent to all 22 United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group centres, requesting information about their views of the importance ...

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta has been shown to play a critical role in shear-induced arterial thrombosis. The anti-thrombotic effects of a beta isoform selective PI3K inhibitor, TGX221, were compared to the effects of non-selective PI3K inhibitors (LY294002 and wortmannin) and a PI3K delta inhibitor (IC87114) in the rat. TGX221 (2.5 ...

Until recently venous and arterial thrombosis were considered mechanistically distinct entities. However, their separate nature has been challenged by several studies showing that these conditions share a number of risk factors such as age, obesity, infections and the metabolic syndrome. The existence of an association is further supported by the ...

Headache represents up to 4% of all emergency department (ED) visits. Emergency physicians generally are concerned with identifying those patients whose headaches are caused by life-threatening conditions. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis may be difficult to diagnose clinically because of its various and nonspecific manifestations. The most frequent but least specific ...

Thrombosis--localized clotting of the blood--can occur in the arterial or the venous circulation and has a major medical impact. Acute arterial thrombosis is the proximal cause of most cases of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and of about 80% of strokes, collectively the most common cause of death in the developed ...

Acute thrombosis of the pulmonary arteries (PA) can occur during operative or catheter based interventions. This may have serious consequences especially in patients with palliated single ventricle physiology. Traditional therapy for PA thrombosis includes use of local or systemic thrombolytic therapy and surgical thrombectomy. Percutaneous transcatheter mechanical thrombectomy can be ...

Fibrin-related markers (FRMs), such as fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs), D-dimer, and soluble fibrin (SF), are considered to be useful for the diagnosis of thrombosis. However, the evidence for the making of a diagnosis of thrombosis based on FRMs is, as yet, not fully established. Levels of FRMs are ...

A 44-year-old man with HES who developed a large thrombus in the right ventricle as well as multiple occlusive coronary thrombi died of cardiac failure. Autopsy showed that a large thrombus in the right ventricle was associated with eosinophilic endocarditis. In addition, an occlusive thrombus formed in the circumflex and ...

OBJECTIVE: Microvascular free-tissue transfer is essential for functional reconstruction in head and neck cancer surgery. The risk of free flap failure depends on venous thrombosis rather than arterial thrombosis, and any type of failure caused by venous thrombosis is often diagnosed late. In this study, we studied the flap survival ...

Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic, chronic, inflammatory disease of unknown origin characterized by alternation of exacerbation and quiescence phases. Cardiac involvement in BD is infrequent. We report a case of a young man with BD with right ventricular thrombus and pulmonary thromboembolism. A 20-year-old man was admitted to our ...