A conical silicone rubber balloon was placed in the left hemithorax of fetal lambs and progressively inflated through an exteriorized catheter over the last trimester. Newborn lambs died of severe respiratory insufficiency, despite maximal resuscitation. The lungs were markedly hypoplastic with greatly reduced parenchymal mass and air capacity. This model ...

Selective coronary arteriography (using the Sones technique) was performed in 67 patients with congenital heart disease aged 1 to 33 years. Five of the 23 patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease had collateral vessels between the coronary and bronchial arteries; none of the 44 patients with noncyanotic congenital heart disease ...

A patient with a large congenital cholesteatoma of the left temporal bone is presented. The case is unique in that, although the cholestetoma invaded all three semicircular as well as the basal coil of the cochlea, the patient retained normal hearing. She had an almost complete left-sided facial paralysis, yet ...

A case of congenital aneurysm of the left pulmonary artery in a 52-year-old Nigerian woman is presented. She presented with a transient history of cough and epigastric pains. A chest radiograph revealed a rounded left hilar mass just superior to the left main bronchus, and pulmonary angiography confirmed the presence ...

Congenital bicuspid stenosis with left ventricular hypoplasia was diagnosed in a kitten. Clinical weakness, dyspnoea and marked cardiomegaly (X rays) were related to postmortem findings. The cardiomegaly had resulted from an enlargement of the left auricular appendage. It is supposed the cardiomegaly developed after the closing of the foramen ovale.

This study demonstrates that when the heart is markedly displaced posteriorly to the left, or perhaps to the right, the posterior approach may make echocardiographic evaluation possible. Thus, in a patient with congenital unilateral absence of the left pulmonary artery, with marked displacement of the heart posteriorly, it was possible ...

Congenital and acquired cerebrovascular diseases in the very young age group are reviewed and discussed. Whilst saccular aneurysms are rare arteriovenous malformations and cavernous hemangiomas represent the most frequent types of all congenital anomalies. The aneurysm of the great vein of Galen manifests in the newborn period and mostly is ...

The soft corn is defined as an interdigital hyperkeratosis. Footwear contributes to interdigital corns when there is a congenital or acquired predisposing factor. These predisposing factors cause apposition of particular bony prominences between adjacent toes. The congenital factors include a short first metatarsal, a short fifth metatarsal, or third and ...

The criss-cross heart is a rare anomaly in which systemic and pulmonary bloodstreams cross at the atrioventricular (AV) level. Although diagnosed now with increasing frequency, successful surgical repair of associated anomalies has been reported only once. Straddling AV valve is another rare cardiac anomaly which only recently is being diagnosed ...

The characteristic echocardiographic findings for congenital absence of the pulmonary valve with tetralogy of Fallot were described in three patients, whose diagnoses were confirmed by operation and/or autopsy. The abnormal linear echo, which was thought to be derived from the rudimentary pulmonary valve tissue, was recorded anteriorly to the dense ...

Within the spectrum of neonatal congenital cyanotic heart disease, emergent surgery is often necessary to correct profound pulmonary hypoperfusion. An ascending aorto-to-pulmonary artery anastomosis (Waterston-Cooley) has proved to be the preferred procedure in selected patients. A new technique to correct the occasional resultant pulmonary arterial deformity is presented which is ...

Congenital rectal stenosis may be detected in the newborn during the initial physical examination. Failure of conservative therapy (dilatation) should alert the physician to the presence of an associated pathologic condition in the presacral space. Presacral teratoma, anterior sacral meningocele, or bony anomalies may be the underlying extrinsic causes of ...

Two different congenital malformations of the heart were seen in two calves and two ewe lambs. In all these malformations the left ventricle was more or less hypoplastic; it was small with a narrow lumen and a thick wall. In one malformation the aorta began as a cul-de-sac above the ...

Congenital aneurysmal dilatation of the left auricle is a rare condition often associated with cardiac arrhythmias and systemic emboli. The diagnosis is made often by surgical exploration or presurgically by contrast angiography. A case is reported in which the dilated left auricle did not fill during contrast angiography but was ...

Congenital supravalvular pulmonic stenosis was diagnosed in a dog. A pulmonary artery-to-pulmonary artery anastomosis of a Dacron arterial conduit restored continuity of blood flow around the obstruction in the main pulmonary artery. By the 6th day after surgery, right ventricular systolic pressure averaged 85 mm of Hg, a decrease of ...

In the period from 1961 to 1974, 80 cases of congenital coronary artery anomalies in necropsies of infants and stillborn fetuses were diagnosed in the Czech Socialist Republic among more than 2.1 million consecutive deliveries. In the population thus defined the mean frequency of these anomalies was 3.8 per 100,000, ...

The use of valved external conduits has majorly expanded the place of corrective operations for children with a variety of congenital cardiac defects. Initially they were employed to correct patients with congenital pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect and subsequently placed between the venous ventricle and pulmonary artery for a ...

Pulmonary venous injection of contrast medium in the near-wedge position produced a flow into the pulmonary arterial tree in 15 out of 21 children with cyanotic congenital heart disease. In 5 there was good opacification of both sides from a single injection. The technique provides an additional method of demonstrating ...

A presystolic ejection click was present in a patient with congenital valvular pulmonic stenosis. The coincidence of this sound with presystolic pulmonary valve opening was demonstrated by simultaneous phonoechocardiography. Hemodynamic confirmation of this observation was made by demonstrating presystolic crossover of RV-PA pressures. This sound was distinguished on phonocardiogram as ...

We describe a case of extreme primary pulmonary hypoplasia. No other congenital anomalies and none of the conditions known to be associated with pulmonary hypoplasia were present. Pregnancy had been complicated by substantial polyhydramnios. The hypoplasia was due to a marked deficiency of the respiratory parenchyma in the presence of ...

A case is reported of persistent trigeminal artery producing intermittent facial pain, the last episode being associated with diplopia. The trigeminal and abducent nerves were attached to the trigeminal artery by a congenital membrane. Blood supply to the vertebrobasilar system was via the persistent vessel. A new operative approach along ...

Four patients with tetralogy of Fallot, three of whom had congenital pulmonary atresia, were treated by initial palliative operations to enlarge left and right pulmonary arteries which were considered too small for complete repair. Two to four years later the right and left pulmonary arteries had enlarged sufficiently to allow ...

Stenotic webs in the midesophagus of adults are rare. Including the present patient, only 6 have been described in the literature in English. Clinical presentation is characterized by dysphagia and insidious weight loss in a patient usually over 40 years old. The cause of the lesion is unknown. Based on ...

The utility of echocardiography in the evaluation of congenital cardiac disease is well established. The following discussion will be devoted to the application of single dimensional equipment in the assessment of selected congenital defects which will include secundum atrial defects, endocardial cushion defects, tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein's anomaly of the ...

A 5-month-old female infant was transferred to our institution for evaluation of recurrent upper respiratory tract symptoms and chest x-ray films showing hyperaeration of the right upper lobe. Preoperative studies including chest fluoroscopy, lung scan, and bronchoscopy suggested congenital lobar emphysema. At thoracotomy, an anomalous right upper lobe bronchus which ...

In consequence of six cases of congenital anomalies in the area of the external iliac and femoral arteries, the embryological literature of this subject was studied. The complaints of these patients are described and some variations of the persisting sciatic artery are demonstrated. Operative treatment by means of reconstruction of ...

Study of the structural features of the pulmonary circulation in various types of congenital heart disease makes it possible to correlate function and structure in the fetal and newborn lung. We applied quantitative morphometric techniques to the injected and inflated lungs of newborn infants who had died with obstruction to ...

Surgical repair was performed on 8 patients with tetralogy of Fallot and congenital or acquired absence of the left pulmonary artery. Prior palliative systemic-pulmonary artery shunts had been performed in the 5 patients with acquired absence of the pulmonary artery, and in none was repair of the damaged pulmonary artery ...

A 9-year old boy with profound mental retardation and severe neurologic deficit presented an unusual malformation of the forebrain distinguished by the following features: 1) microtelencephalon, alobulation, afissuration, and abnormal convolutional pattern; 2) persistence of hippocampal formation at its embryonic site in the dorsomedial wall of the telencephalon; 3) hypoplasia ...

Twenty-three patients with congenital subvalvular aortic stenosis are reviewed. The importance of classifying this stenosis into four types based on angiocardiographic findings is stressed, as are the indications for left heart catheterization during the preoperative and postoperative course of the disease. The type of congenital subvalvular aortic stenosis should be ...

A patient had a congenital intracardiac band lying across the aortic valve that caused combined aortic and mitral valvular regurgitation. The band was excised, and the damaged aortic valve was replaced with a prosthesis. The case illustrates that not all congenital intracardiac bands are completely asymptomatic and not all bivalvular ...

A typical case of anginal syndrome in a fifty year old male has been described. The underlying lesion was congenital coronary arterio-venous fistula between the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery and pulmonary artery. Diagnosis has been made by coronary angiography and proved at operation. The patient ...

A case of congenital bilateral conductive deafness is described. Some years ago absence of the oval window was found in the left ear. Exploratory tympanotomy of the right ear revealed a large persistent stapedial artery while the facial nerve took its course from the geniculate ganglion straight down across the ...

One hundred and fifty lungs from the cases below 15 years of age with various congenital heart diseases and 80 controls were used for histometrical and histological studies. Cases with congenital heart disease were divided into two groups of the increased and the decreased pulmonary blood flow. In the former ...

The radiographic findings in 13 patients with congenital complete heart block without associated anomalies are presented to illustrate characteristic features. Findings related to the increased stroke volume in these patients include: (a) simulated shunt vasculature; (b) pulmonary venous pypertension with redistribution of blood flow to the upper lungs, and, in ...

A man aged 29 was first seen at the age of 11, when he was found to have a congenital anomaly of the pulmonary veins which follow an abnormal course to the hilum. On the left side, two large veins descend peripherally before turning medially towards the left atrium; on ...

Two children with congenital apical left ventricular diverticulum and significant mitral incompetence are reported. The angiographic and anatomic findings of the few previously reported patients with congenital diverticula and aneurysm were analyzed and a new classification differentiating between the two is proposed. The clinical data analyzed in apical diverticula and ...

The clinical, laboratory, and morphologic features of congenitally obstructive lesions causing pulmonary venous hypertension are reviewed. These lesions are responsible for considerable infant mortality and morbidity, especially in the first weeks of life, are not infrequently encountered in older children, and are occasionally seen in adults. The presence of a ...

While early one-stage repair of congenital heart lesions can now be done with low operative mortality, there are reasons to believe that sometimes a palliative procedure, followed later by complete repair, has some advantages. Some of the drawbacks to early repair such as presumably be abolished as better valves are ...

Because congenital defects are being corrected at progressively younger ages, knowledge of the normal sizes of cardiac orifices and their acceptable limits is becoming increasingly important. A graphically corrected table of normal children's heights and pulmonary artery diameters is given. In addition, reasons are presented for the belief that a ...

Aneurysms of the sinuses of Valsava are neither rare nor always fatal. They are of three types: congenital, acquired, and associated with cystic medial necrosis. Each can be recognized by its characteristic appearance on plain roentgenograms and arteriography. With surgical repair, the congenital type and that which is the result ...

In the present case, a patient with symptoms referable to the occipital lobe, selective angiography demonstrated evidence of occlusion of branches of the left posterior cerebral artery with collateral circulation in addition to the congenital anomaly. The congenital absence of both vertebral arteries with a large occipital-basilar anastomosis may be ...

In this report, we shall analyze the results obtained with palliative treatment in 30 patients with congenital heart disease who were operated upon at the University Hospital of Caracas during the period 1968 to 1972. In all cases, an ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery anastomosis was performed. Although we believe that ...

We report a unique case of a 33 year old female with congenital aneurysm of the left ventricular apex associated with an aneurysm of the left main coronary artery and surgically repaired supravalvular aortic stenosis. The congenital aneurysm of the left ventricular apex was not associated with a midline thoraco-abdominal ...

Aberrant left pulmonary artery is a rare cause of stridor and respiratory difficulty in infancy and childhood. Diagnosis can be made on oesophagram, and is confirmed conclusively on angiography. Surgery can be curative, especially in cases without severe associated cardiovascular anomalies. A case report is presented of the condition occurring ...

A 15 year old boy collapsed and died after participating in a basketball game. Autopsy revealed bilateral congenital coronary arterial aneurysms. The diagnosis was made post mortem but, retrospectively, might have been suspected during life, even before angiography. The clues to the correct diagnosis were chest pain, a systolic and ...

Multiple congenital malformations occurred in kittens of three cats treated orally at weekly intervals with 500-1000 mg of the antifungal drug griseofulin. Malformations of the brain included exencephaly, malformed prosencephalon, caudal displacement, and hydrocephalus. Skeletal malformations included cranium bifidium, spina bifida (C1 through C4, and sacral), abnormal atlantooccipital articulation, cleft ...

Over the last 10 years, several advances have been made in paediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery. However, the major developments have been in non-surgical attempts at transcatheter treatment of congenital heart disease. Initially these concerned some simple defects such as pulmonary valve stenosis but lately much more high-risk and complex ...

The case records, cardiac catheterization and angiographic findings in 32 patients were reviewed to illustrate the high incidence of pulmonary artery stenosis in congenital rubella syndrome. These interesting lesions often are of equivocal or unknown clinical significance compared with the other malformations that beset these patients, but to know of ...

Three hundred patients, 30 years of age or under, with the clinical diagnosis of aortic stenosis were reviewed to provide information on the accuracy of clinical assessment and the natural history of the condition when left untreated. Sudden death was uncommon and occurred only in patients with clinical evidence of ...