Giant cell arteritis is a systemic disease with a broad range of clinical signs and symptoms. Although the most frequently involved vessel is the superficial temporal artery, other arteries can be affected. Vasculitic changes in the facial artery usually present as jaw claudication. A report of a case of giant ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of aneurysm and dissection of the aorta in patients with giant cell arteritis and to assess the effects of these events on these patients. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTING: A multispecialty and a primary care clinic in southern Minnesota. PATIENTS: 96 residents of Olmsted County, ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to describe the results from human experiments during normoxia that demonstrate the effect of pulsating arteries on the measured arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) using a reflectance pulse oximeter sensor. METHODS: In 6 healthy adults and 7 healthy neonates, a Nellcor reflection sensor (FS-10 ...

For over 100 years, the study of amnesia in humans has been limited primarily to subjects with either diencephalic or mesial temporal lobe lesions. However, over the last 30 years, it has been reported that individuals who survived aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) often displayed an amnestic syndrome, ...

Jaw claudication in giant cell (temporal) arteritis (GCA) is believed to be due to vasculitic obstruction or stenosis of the arteries supplying the muscles of mastication, notably the facial and internal maxillary arteries and their branches. However, histologic documentation of this is rarely available because GCA is usually diagnosed by ...

A 79-year-old woman presented with a pulmonary infarction concurrent with a relapse of giant-cell arteritis during tapering off of prednisone. As no origin for thromboembolism could be found, it is very probable that the thrombosis of the branch of the pulmonary artery was superimposed on local giant-cell vasculitis. Rapid clinical ...

A 14-year-old female with ulcerative colitis developed right anterior cervical pain and high fever. Cervical contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) showed a wall thickness of the right common carotid artery which suggested aortitis. Her pulmonary angiography demonstrated a narrowing of the pulmonary arteries and she was diagnosed as having Takayasu's disease ...

Primary systemic amyloidosis may present with features suggesting a vasculitis, including giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). In this report, we describe the clinical characteristics, temporal artery biopsy findings, and the response of vascular and musculoskeletal symptoms to corticosteroid therapy in 4 patients with primary systemic amyloidosis who ...

Nineteen patients (11 female and 8 male) with a mean age of 22.7 years (range 10 to 35 yrs) with Takayasu's arteritis were studied between July 1985 to June 1993. These patients had both non vascular symptoms (myalgia/arthralgia in 47% and weight loss in 31%) and symptoms of vascular insufficiency ...

We describe a case of arteritis involving the superficial temporal artery in an 8-year-old boy. After a 2-week prodrome of headache in the right temporal region, a painful pulsatile 6-mm nodule developed. No history of trauma or systemic disease was noted. The differential diagnosis included vasculitis or thrombosis of a ...

A 50-year-old Japanese woman with annuloaortic ectasia was found to have total coronary artery ectasia without evident atherosclerosis. The coronary ectasia may have been secondary to or of similar etiology to the annuloaortic ectasia. There was neither stigmata of Marfan's syndrome nor any sign of dissection of the ascending aorta ...

We report finding at surgery a histopathologically-confirmed superficial temporal-artery aneurysm. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this type of aneurysm in the ophthalmic literature. The ophthalmologist must include this condition in the differential diagnosis of a pulsatile and tender temporal artery, especially when a history of trauma ...

Acute complete oculomotor palsy with headache is a classical presentation of an extrinsic compression most commonly due to a posterior communicating artery aneurysm. We present a patient with such a presentation but with histologically proven giant cell arteritis. This possibility should be considered especially in the elderly to avoid complications ...

Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of artery. Its etiology is still uncertain. The disease mostly involves aorta and its major branches. We recently examined a young male patient using duplex Doppler ultrasound (DUS). High resolution real-time ultrasound revealed long-segment stenosis over common carotid arteries on both sides and ...

We report a 32-yr-old woman who suffered a stroke as a consequence of arteritis of both internal carotid arteries confirmed by selective carotid arteriography. Laryngeal inflammation and kidney biopsy proven focal crescentic glomerulonephritis were also present in this patient. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies with specificity for proteinase 3 were detected in ...

The following are some of the conclusions and proposals made at the Chapel Hill Consensus Conference on the Nomenclature of Systemic Vasculitis. 1. Although not a prerequisite component of the definitions, patient age is recognized as a useful discriminator between Takayasu arteritis and giant cell (temporal) arteritis. 2. The name ...

A 55-yr-old Palestinian man was admitted with a 1-month history of bi-temporal headache, proximal weakness and myalgia in the lower limbs. Both temporal arteries were swollen and tortuous. There was a moderate degree of cholestatic hepatic dysfunction. Temporal artery biopsy showed typical features of giant cell arteritis. Light microscopic examination ...

One case of giant cells arteritis involving tubaric arteries in a postmenopausal woman is described. The patient was 59 years old and presented with asthenia, anemia, fever, weight loss, an abdominal palpable mass and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a large ovarian cyst of 14 cm in diameter. ...

We describe the sixth known case of segmental mediolytic arteritis and the third in a survivor. A 70-year-old woman had intraabdominal bleeding due to a ruptured aneurysm of the omental artery. Interestingly, this patient also had a systemic lupus erythematosus. This report gives further support to the role of immune ...

We examined specimens of human gastroepiploic artery aneurysm from a patient having several visceral aneurysms using electronmicroscopic and immunohistochemical techniques. The histopathological and ultrastructural findings confirmed the diagnosis of segmental mediolytic arteritis. Arterial smooth muscle cells from the gastroepiploic artery contained cytoplasmic vacuoles, media was thin and the internal elastic ...

Death due to giant cell arteritis (GCA) is rare, and is usually caused by coronary or vertebral arteritis in the acute phase of the disease. A case of fatal GCA is reported in a woman with a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate, who had been treated for temporal arteritis for eight ...

We encountered a 52-year-old man with Takayasu's disease (pulseless disease) and severe respiratory failure due to recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage. Angiography revealed occlusion of multiple branches of the pulmonary artery, which were filled via collateral circulation from the coronary, intercostal, and intermammary arteries. This is a rare case that causes massive ...

Pulseless disease (PD) is a rare disorder in which inflammation of the aorta and its major branches leads to stenosis or occlusion of these arteries. It mainly affects young Oriental women, who suffer chronic ischemic injury to tissues of the brain, orbits, upper limbs, myocardium, and kidneys. The ophthalmologic features ...

This report describes a rare clinical course of a young Japanese woman with Takayasu's arteritis and a review of the literature. Her first symptom was angina pectoris due to isolated left coronary ostial stenosis, which was relieved by aortocoronary bypass grafting surgery using a saphenous vein graft. At that time, ...

A 76-yr-old woman with widespread giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica is described. The patient had an unusual simultaneous involvement of the cranial (temporal) arteries demonstrated by biopsy, and of large elastic arteries (aorta and its major branches), medium-sized and small muscular arteries, arterioles and vasa vasorum found at autopsy. ...

Temporal arteritis is an insidious disease which, if not recognized and treated with high-dosage oral prednisone or intravenous prednisolone, can result in unilateral or even total blindness due to anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) or closure of the central artery of the retina. Unfortunately, the symptoms and clinical signs of ...

A 41-year-old woman underwent medical examination for superficial thrombophlebitis of both lower legs. Incidentally a chronic myelogenous leukemia was diagnosed and chemotherapeutically treated. Three weeks after the first attendance the patient again suffered superficial thrombophlebitides of all extremities. Clinically she exhibited symptoms of recurrent mild pulmonary embolization. Contrast venography revealed ...

We describe a 59-year-old Japanese man with rare complications of giant cell arteritis. He presented with aortic insufficiency due to dilatation of the aortic root. Nine years after the occurrence of aortic insufficiency, he suffered from a cerebral infarction due to occlusion of the left middle and anterior cerebral arteries, ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Systemic giant cell arteritis causing cerebellar infarction due to intracranial arteritis of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery has not been previously reported. We report this infrequent occurrence and discuss the differential diagnosis. CASE DESCRIPTION: An 85-year-old woman was admitted with a 2-week history of episodic ataxia, unilateral ...

Inflammatory arterial disease is often insidious and associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality. Early recognition is vital. Patients with arteritis (n = 106) were studied and divided into five groups. Two of these were subgroups of giant cell arteritis classified by site into either cranial arteritis (66), or upper ...

A case study is presented of a 33-year-old female who was diagnosed with Takayasu's arteritis. The patient underwent a laparoscopic tubal ligation under general anesthesia without complication. Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease seen primarily in women. It can involve the aorta and its major branches, as well as ...

A 61-year-old man was referred to us with linear and indurated erythemas and severe tenderness on the scalp, neck, tongue, and scrotum which had gradually spread over the previous six months. He had a history of an intracranial bypass operation for cerebral infarction. Histologic and ultrastructural examinations revealed giant-cell arteries ...

A diagnosis of aortic insufficiency and mitral stenosis was made in a 24-year-old woman after an episode of heart failure following delivery. A double valvular replacement was performed 4 years later. At that time she suffered from recurrent episodes of erythema nodosum like lesions with an histological diagnosis of cutaneous ...

Investigation into the therapeutic use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in systemic vasculitis was prompted by the detection of anti-idiotype antibodies reactive with ANCA in IVIg and the proven ability of IVIg to reduce the incidence of coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease. The efficacy and safety of IVIg (Sandoglobulin) was ...

Giant cell arteritis is not uncommonly found in extracranial arteries in postmortem studies of patients with temporal arteritis. Presentation with vasculitis involving extracranial arteries is, however, unusual. This report describes a case of giant cell arteritis presenting with and complicated by infarction of the small bowel. Following surgical resection of ...

Takayasu's arteritis is a rare inflammatory disease of the aorta and its major branches which occurs predominantly in young women. The clinical course has been described as two stages: 1) initial phase, with inflammatory process and systemic manifestations; and later 2) pulseless phase, with multiple arterial occlusions. A 20-year-old female ...

A unique case of a Chinese boy with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) associated with Takayasu's arteritis is reported. He had eczema, epistaxis and recurrent infections since early infancy and was found to have thrombocytopenia, negative delayed-type skin hypersensitivity, low T cell number and impaired lymphocyte proliferation to phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A. ...

The case is reported of a patient with giant cell arteritis affecting several organs. The triggering cause of death was a brainstem infarction due to basilar artery thrombosis. The necropsy showed the systemic character of the disease affecting the coronary, bronchial, and ovarian arteries.

Two patients with Takayasu arteritis presented with either severe renovascular hypertension or profound weight loss due to intestinal angina. The leading clinical signs were cured by successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the abdominal aorta and renal arteries in one patient and of the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac trunk ...

A 45-year-old Japanese woman with Stanford type A dissecting aortic aneurysm underwent a reconstructive operation on the ascending aorta. Histopathological diagnosis was Takayasu's arteritis in the chronic and inactive phase. It is very rare that a dissecting aortic aneurysm results from Takayasu's arteritis. Long-standing hypertension and fragility of the aortic ...

We describe the case of a 41-year-old man who presented with clinical and histopathologic evidence of temporal artery lesions associated with the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Pathological examination of the temporal artery showed panarteritis without giant cell formation or fibrinoid necrosis. We review the world literature concerning the vasculitides with features that ...

One hundred sixteen arteriographic examinations in 98 patients with Takayasu's arteritis were studied retrospectively to evaluate the extent of aortic and pulmonary disease. Stenosis was the most frequent finding in the aorta and its branches, but occlusion, dilatation, and aneurysms were also seen. Adventitial vascular structures, consistent with dilated vasa ...

Isolated eosinophilic coronary arteritis expressed as a limited variant of the Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis) is a rare condition. Equally as rare is the entity of isolated spontaneous coronary arterial dissection associated with eosinophilic arteritis. A 57-year-old woman with a history of asthma and recurrent hypersensitivity (anaphylactoid) reactions ...

Oculomotor nerve paresis, ocular hypotony, anterior segment ischemia, and the ocular ischemic syndrome are uncommon manifestations of giant cell arteritis. Four patients with these findings had giant cell arteritis documented by temporal artery biopsy. Cerebral angiography or ultrasonography, or both, performed in three patients, excluded hemodynamically significant stenosis of the ...

The pulmonary arteries are frequently involved in Takayasu's arteritis with a reported incidence of 41-100% in affected individuals. Patients are usually asymptomatic, however, often despite extensive pulmonary involvement. We describe a patient with Takayasu's arteritis who presented with haemoptysis caused by bronchial artery hypertrophy secondary to occlusive pulmonary arterial disease, ...

We have studied the angiographic morphology of nonspecific aortoarteritis, or Takayasu's arteritis, in 126 patients who underwent total aortoarteriography by intravenous or intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Steno-obstructive lesions were seen in 124 (98.4%) patients and commonly involved the abdominal aorta (76.1%), the renal (67.5%), and the subclavian (56.3%) arteries. ...

Segmental mediolytic arteritis is a rare, noninflammatory arteriopathy that involves the splanchnic arteries of adults with shock and the coronary arteries of neonates with hypoxemia. We report the first case (to our knowledge) of segmental mediolytic arteritis involving the hepatic arteries. The lesion begins with cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration of the ...

A forty-four-year-old woman with Takayasu's arteritis and involvement of the aortic arch and its main branches complained of precordial pain on effort. Exercise electrocardiograms revealed significant ST segment depression in leads II, III, aVF, and V. Coronary arteriograms demonstrated no stenosis. However, the right coronary arteriogram revealed collateral circulation arising ...

OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis in the acute stage (prepulseless stage) is extremely difficult. Identification of a useful approach to detecting the initial changes of arteritis is therefore desirable. METHODS: Careful clinical examination of a young woman with persistent fever and dry cough revealed faintly audible bruits at the ...

Coma is rare in temporal arteritis (TA). We describe a patient with TA who suddenly developed coma with a triphasic EEG pattern that resolved after initiation of steroid treatment. Although the arterial lesions in TA are segmental in nature, TA may present with signs of diffuse neurologic deficit; early treatment ...