Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, commonly known as Osler-Weber-Rendu disease, is a systemic autosomal dominant inherited disorder, that occurs in Caucasian populations. We report the case of a 56-year-old housewife who was admitted to the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular ward because she had suffered from recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and heart failure from 1994 ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an arterial "steal" from the ophthalmic artery accounts for the ocular manifestations associated with maxillofacial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) outside the orbit. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Seven patients with maxillofacial AVM who had been previously treated, unsuccessfully, with proximal ligation of the supplying external carotid ...

We report a rare situation in which a lipomyelomeningocele and an intramedullary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) occurred together at the T11-L1 level in a 44-year-old man. MR images showed a hypervascular lesion intradurally and a fatty component extradurally. Spinal angiography revealed this lesion to be an intramedullary AVM with multiple feeding ...

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are anomalous communications between arterial and venous systems without interposed capillaries. These lesions are rarely entirely intraorbital. A case of an arteriovenous communication between branches of the internal and external carotid arterial circulations and the ophthalmic veins located within the orbit is reported. Treatment with embolization resulted ...

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Treatment of tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) primarily draining into the vein of Galen remains a therapeutic challenge. We present two cases of ruptured galenic DAVFs that were successfully treated with gamma knife radiosurgery. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Patient 1, a 66-year-old woman, experienced a sudden onset of headache ...

PURPOSE: To determine the ultrasonographic (US) features that distinguish soft-tissue hemangioma from vascular malformation and one type of malformation from another. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-seven vascular anomalies were evaluated by means of US. Lesions were assessed for the presence of solid tissue and abnormal arteries, veins, or cysts. Vessel density, ...

OBJECTIVE: The standard categorization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) involves the Spetzler-Martin grading system, which uses a simple analysis of size, location (superficial or deep), and the presence of deep or superficial drainage. Hemodynamic risk factors are also thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of these lesions and to ...

BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted to establish an animal model for the investigation of the pathophysiology and haemodynamics of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) but also to assess therapeutic aspects. METHOD: For anatomic and haemodynamic reasons, dogs were chosen as the animal model. An arteriovenous fistula was created by interposing ...

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) or malformations consist of pathological vascular channels located within the substance of the dura mater and usually involve the walls of a dural sinus or adjacent cortical vein. DAVFs can affect a variety of cerebral venous structures and can present at various clinical stages. Although some ...

Arteriovenous malformations of the Vein of Galen continue to present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the neonatal period. Approximately 40-50% of all malformations of the Vein of Galen present in the neonatal period, usually with congestive heart failure. These neonates represent the most severe cases and are also the most ...

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are classified angiographically into two types: the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) type and the plexiform type. However, the differences in vascular structure of these two types have not been clarified. The purpose of the present study is to elucidate the vascular structure of plexiform AVMs and to ...

Embolization procedure was performed for a 12-year-old boy with a left parietal arteriovenous malformation. Although provocative tests for the feeders to be occluded were considered very informative, the patient had to be sedated during microcatheter insertion. We used intermittent sedation with propofol during the interventional procedure, and obtained successful embolization.

Coronary arteriovenous fistula are uncommon if not rare, but represent the most prevalent hemodynamically significant congenital malformations of the coronary arterial circulation. The goal of this report is to evaluate the use of 3D volume rendering from transaxial breathhold coronary MR angiograms to visualize coronary arteriovenous fistulas. Coronary MR angiography ...

Bronchopulmonary foregut malformations include intralobar and extralobar pulmonary sequestrations, bronchogenic cysts, and communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformations (CBPFM). These malformations, formes frustes, originate as developmental abnormalities of ventral foregut budding of the tracheobronchial tree or the gastrointestinal tract. The communication's patency with the parent viscus determines if a contained malformation occurs, ...

Multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) constitute an uncommon cause of respiratory disability. They may lead to severe hypoxaemia via right-to-left shunts and are sources of substantial mortality and morbidity. Conservative surgical resection has been proposed as the treatment of choice. More recently, percutaneous balloon or coil embolization of the feeding ...

Summary: Two neonates with either vein of Calen aneurysmal malformation or dural sinus malformation (congenital dural arteriovenous fistula at the torcular herophili) are reported. In neonatal interventional neuroangiography, special attention should be paid to body temperature, contrast material, infusion fluid, heparin, and angio-equipment. In the neonatal period, the umbilical approach ...

BACKGROUND: One of the most important goals in the surgical treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae is complete interruption of the flow in the fistula. To confirm complete interruption, we use intraoperative microdoppler monitoring. METHODS: Three patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae with perimedullary venous drainage underwent surgical treatment using ...

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) are rare vascular malformations of the lung. There is a strong association with Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. Although most patients are asymptomatic, PAVFs can cause dyspnea from a right-to-left shunt. They can also bleed and result in hemoptysis and hemothorax. Because of paradoxical emboli, various central nervous system ...

OBJECTIVE: A series of 22 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were surgically treated using computer-assisted image guidance. The value of image guidance for nidus definition and detection of feeding arteries and draining veins was assessed. METHODS: Seven of the 22 patients presented with hemorrhage. The sizes of the AVMs ranged ...

OBJECTIVE: The spontaneous occlusion of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) occurs rarely. Occlusion of a parent artery feeding the AVM is even more rare, and its incidence is unknown. We undertook this study to determine the incidence of occlusion of a major artery feeding an AVM and to recommend a ...

BACKGROUND: We report a unique case of an acquired pial arteriovenous fistula occurring after an asymptomatic thrombosis of a superficial cerebral vein. CASE DESCRIPTION: A cerebral angiogram performed in a 51-year-old man with subarachnoid hemorrhage revealed a 10-mm ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm and a thrombosed left superficial middle cerebral ...

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Endovascular procedures for the treatment of spinal arteriovenous malformations place the spinal cord at risk of ischemia. This report illustrates the usefulness of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in detecting functional changes within the spinal cord motor pathways during embolization of a spinal arteriovenous malformation under general anesthesia. ...

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are high-flow lesions. More than 50% of all AVMs are located in the head and neck region. They represent a therapeutic challenge because of their hemodynamic characteristics and their modality of growth. AVMs have a tendency to recur and often require radical resection, making surgical ablation and ...

Gaps in the internal elastic lamina (IEL) have been observed in arteries exposed to high blood flow. To characterize the nature and consequences of this change, blood flow was increased in the carotid arteries of 56 adult, male, Japanese white rabbits by creating an arteriovenous fistula between the common carotid ...

Right abnormal pulmonary venous return into the inferior vena cava associated with abnormal fissure, dextrocardia, and systemic arterial supply of a variable degree, are the characteristics of the scimitar syndrome. We report on a patient in whom this rare syndrome was associated with pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas within the involved lung.

An 8 year old child with tricuspid atresia had developed right sided pulmonary arteriovenous malformations following a previous classic Glenn procedure. These became clinically manifest immediately after Fontan conversion because of severe systemic desaturation. The pathophysiology and postoperative medical management of this case is described and related to current understanding ...

Summary: We report five cases of arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) of the carotid system. Two were traumatic non penetrating injuries and involved the subarachnoid, extracavernous part of the intracranial internal carotid artery; two were spontaneous and involved the internal carotid artery in its extracranial portion; one was a spontaneous AVF of ...

Summary: There are few experimental models of arteriovenous malformations (AVM). The following study was designed to evaluate an easy-to-perform method in a canine model. Bilateral high-flow carotid to external jugular vein arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) were created in three adult dogs. 21 days after surgery one AVF was occluded by a ...

BACKGROUND: Dural arteriovenous fistulas of the tentorium are rare lesions that often present with intracranial hemorrhage. Definitive treatment is therefore necessary, but transarterial embolization has rarely been curative. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 59-year-old man presenting with sudden onset of severe headache had subarachnoid hemorrhage demonstrated by computed tomography. Left carotid angiography ...

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae are extremely rare in spinal dysraphism. A fistulous malformation within a lipomyelomeningocele has not been reported previously. A 50-year-old man presented with progressive paraparesis and bladder dysfunction. MRI revealed a large lumbar lipomyelomeningocele. A vascular malformation was indicated by abnormal signal in the thoracolumbar spinal cord ...

We present a 45-year-old patient on chronic hemodialysis who suffered aortic endocarditis by Staphylococcus haemolyticus after bacteremia associated with a venous catheter, which was used temporarily during the maturing phase of a Cimino-Brescia arteriovenous fistula in the left forearm. Three weeks after starting antibiotic therapy, the patient suffered a septic ...

This 24-year-old man presented with an unusual case of a high-flow arteriovenous fistula (AVF). This lesion was similar to giant AVFs in children that have been previously described in the literature. In patients in whom abnormalities of the vein of Galen have been excluded and in whom presentation occurs after ...

PURPOSE: An alternative endovascular treatment to conventional transarterial embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is proposed. CONCEPT: According to this proposed treatment, selected AVMs could undergo transvenous retrograde nidus sclerotherapy under controlled hypotensive anesthesia (TRENSH). RATIONALE: It is hypothesized that TRENSH may provide the means of avoiding delivery of embolic ...

Beside the immediate success of surgery and of embolization of angiodysplasias, certain number of patients return to medical consultation, because recanalization of the arteriovenous fistulae after their resection or obturation. From the presentation of two clinical cases of thoracic angiodysplasia: one of them slender, and threatening the other, the authors ...

PURPOSE: To determine long-term durability and efficacy of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) embolotherapy using detachable gold valve latex (GVB) and silicone balloons (DSB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-two patients were treated with either GVBs or DSBs between 1991 and 1996. Complete follow-up, consisting of chest radiography or high-resolution chest computed tomography, ...

The treatment of spinal intramedullary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with a diffuse-type nidus that contains a neural element poses different challenges compared with a glomus-type nidus. The surgical elimination of such lesions involves the risk of spinal cord ischemia that results from coagulation of the feeding artery that, at the same ...

PURPOSE: To report clinical and radiologic findings of a patient with spontaneous arteriovenous fistulas of the orbit. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: A 73-year-old woman was initially examined with a 1-year history of mild proptosis of the right eye. She had no history of trauma. Neuro-ophthalmologic examination disclosed dilatation of conjunctival ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for preoperative embolization of craniofacial arteriovenous malformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with craniofacial arteriovenous malformation (forehead [n = 9], deep facial [n = 3], occipital [n = 1], or lip [n = 1] lesion) were treated with injection of NBCA. ...

1. Although scalping injuries reported in most large series rarely involve young children, partial scalp replantation, even in a 2-year-old boy after a dog-bite avulsion, should also be warranted. However, technical difficulties because of the diminutive vasculature can be expected. 2. Unconventional methods for reestablishing inflow or outflow for the ...

We report a 62-year-old woman who presented with a myelopathy at the lower thoracic level. Left vertebral angiography revealed a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) at the craniocervical junction, draining into an anterior spinal vein. Below the T7 level, the spinal cord gave high signal on T2-weighted images and enhanced with ...

We describe a cervical congenital paraspinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) drained by paraspinal and epidural ectatic veins, which caused massive erosion of the C6 and C7 vertebral bodies, threatening the cervical stability and necessitating treatment. During the first session, six arterial embolizations were performed to reduce the size and the flow ...

A 30-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to hospital for dyspnea. She had a history of corrective surgery for a large atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, which had produced cyanosis in her infancy. However, her cyanosis continued postoperatively. Angiography revealed a double inferior vena cava (IVC), with ...

We present three patients with brain abscesses who also had pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). All patients had hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler's Disease). It is probable that the lung AVMs contributed to the development of the brain abscesses by allowing bacteria easier access to the systemic circulation through a right to ...

A case is reported of an extrauterine pelvic arteriovenous malformation involving branches of the internal iliac arteries. Cardiomegaly and a rough cardiac murmur were the clinical presentations mimicking a structural heart disease. A continuous bruit could only be detected by the diaphragm of the stethoscope applied firmly to the left ...

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are a common cause of progressive cyanosis in children after cavopulmonary anastomoses. We analyzed the pulmonary histologic characteristics from children in whom pulmonary arteriovenous malformations developed after procedures that resulted in pulmonary arterial blood flow devoid of hepatic venous effluent. METHODS: We performed routine histologic studies, ...

A case of acute, spontaneous cervical hemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm of the inferior thyroid artery is described. This lesion was accompanied by an arteriovenous fistula within the thyroid gland that caused a flow-induced aneurysm. Diagnosis and treatment were successfully performed by selective angiography with endovascular occlusion and embolization. ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe and present atypical spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (SDAVFs) that drain into the anterior spinal vein (ASV) and thus cause some degree of difficulty in differentiating the anterior spinal artery from the ASV. METHODS: A retrospective review of 80 selective spinal angiography procedures (with or without endovascular treatment) ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recently, a swine model of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) has been developed that closely resembles a human AVM of the brain. The creation of such a model requires sophisticated neurointerventional techniques. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and cost-effective AVM animal model ...

A clinical study on the outcomes of Glenn anastomoses performed since 1987 in eight consecutive patients aged > or = 16 years, and in two performed earlier, showed poor results. One badly selected patient died early as a consequence of high venous pressure, while a further seven had early complications. ...

A 62-year-old male presented with a dural arteriovenous malformation located in anterior cranial fossa manifesting as acute right frontal intracerebral and subdural hematomas. Cerebral angiography showed only mass sign, but surgical exploration disclosed the dural arteriovenous malformation in the anterior cranial fossa. Anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous malformation should be ...