Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a severe adverse effect of heparin therapy. Although most cases occur in patients receiving unfractionated heparin, HIT can arise in venous thrombosis prophylaxis with a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). We report an uncommon case of HIT in a postoperative orthopedic patient associated with LMWH (nadroparin), complicated by ...

Large uterine myomas (compressed veins in the pelvis), and the resulting impaired blood flow have been associated with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Careful detection of the preoperatively formed thrombi and strict perioperative management, such as in the following cases we report, may reduce lethal pulmonary embolism and may ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and determine the characteristic features of venous thromboembolism in the Hong Kong Chinese population. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Regional hospital, Hong Kong. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were collected during a period of four years (1997-2000). Patients with duplex doppler ultrasonography or venography-documented venous thromboembolism and ...

IMPLICATIONS: We describe a patient who developed a deep venous thrombosis that subsequently embolized to both the pulmonary and systemic arterial circulations. The diagnosis of arrested paradoxical embolus in transit at two separate and unique anatomic locations was made with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, and the patient did not suffer organ ...

A rare case of venous aneurysm involving the soleal muscle vein in an 18-year-old woman is presented. The patients showed three episodes of ultrasonographically proven calf muscle thrombosis within 2 years. After a short course of low-molecular-weight heparin at a therapeutic dosage, complete thrombus recanalization was achieved. To prevent further ...

Onychectomy and its alternatives are often sought by owners to provide permanent alleviation of scratching behaviors in cats. These alternatives include behavioral modification, nail caps, and deep digital flexor tendonectomy. Although surgical options are commonly performed, they are controversial and have potential complications. Our role as veterinarians is to educate ...

We describe the case of a woman with breast carcinoma who experienced deep venous thrombosis of the right lower extremity after placement of a double-lumen central venous chemotherapy port catheter in the left upper extremity. Color Doppler sonography revealed a linear tubular structure within the right common femoral vein and ...

The current status of superficial thrombophlebitis, including incidence, diagnosis, and management, are reviewed. Treatment options are assessed in the light of data from the main studies reported in the literature. These include compression, ambulation, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and surgical management with high saphenous ligation (with or without saphenous vein ...

Central venous thrombosis in the upper torso can be either primary, occurring as a result of longstanding extrinsic compression, or secondary, resulting from an acquired intrinsic occlusive disease or foreign body. As in lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), anticoagulation therapy is the mainstay of therapy in upper torso and ...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) results from multiple interactions between inherited and environmental risk factors. The lower limbs are the most common site of VTE, but more rarely other venous sites can be involved. The role of risk factors for VTE can be different in the various thrombotic manifestations, and there are ...

After repair of the catheter of an implanted intrathecal baclofen (ITB) delivery system, a 17-year-old man with cerebral palsy developed acute lower-extremity hypotonia. Subsequently, he complained of right lower-extremity pain followed by swelling in the popliteal fossa. Doppler studies showed a thrombus extending from the femoral vein to the popliteal ...

Catheter-associated upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) carries a 12% to 36% risk of pulmonary embolism (PE). Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a thrombophilic state resulting from altered fibrinolytic and platelet function and abnormal concentrations of clotting factors. Patients with SCI are frequently burdened with the classic risk factors of ...

Although deep vein thrombosis has consistently been a serious postsurgical complication of total hip arthroplasty, the risk of thromboembolic disease has declined substantially in the past 3 decades. From the late 1980s through the early 1990s, the reported rate of nonfatal pulmonary embolism following total hip arthroplasty ranged from 1.0% ...

The incidence of venous lesions after permanent pacemaker insertion is around 45%. However, this incidence has been based on retrospective studies in a small series; moreover, factors predicting the development of these venous injuries have not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors ...

Anticoagulant therapy is highly effective and prevents death in more than 95% of patients who have suffered pulmonary embolism following deep vein thrombosis. Inferior vena caval filters provide an alternative to full anticoagulation in those patients at highest risk of catastrophic haemorrhagic complications. We report on two patients who developed ...

Identification of risk factors for incident venous thromboembolism and predictors of recurrent venous thromboembolism and appropriate antithrombotic prophylaxis and therapy are vital to improve survival after pulmonary embolism and prevent complications such as venous stasis syndrome after deep-vein thrombosis. Risk stratification is increasingly important; future prophylaxis and treatment strategies should ...

Sudden death resulting from embolic complications of iliopsoas bursitis has not been previously reported. This case report deals with a 48-year-old woman with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis who presented with symptoms suggestive of deep vein thrombosis. She was found to have complete occlusion of the femoral vein secondary to iliopsoas bursal ...

Fondaparinux (Arixtra TM ) belongs to a new class of synthetic antithrombotic agents called pentasaccharides. It was recently approved in Canada for the prevention of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries of the lower limbs such as hip fracture, knee surgery and hip replacement surgery. Fondaparinux was ...

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) involving the upper extremities, chest, and neck has become appreciated as a significant cause of morbidity, especially in individuals with central venous access devices (CVAD). Like DVT involving the leg and pelvic veins, axillo-subclavian vein thrombosis can result in pulmonary embolism, post-thrombotic syndrome, and venous limb ...

Infection, pulmonary embolism caused by mostly deep venous thrombosis (DVT), hypoxaemia and drugs, used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), related arrhythmia, aspiration are mostly responsible for acute exacerbations of COPD. The incidences of DVT and pulmonary embolus were investigated in 56 hospitalised cases with acute exacerbation ...

Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are the two aspects of venous thrombo-embolism. Investigation of lower limb veins has been part of various diagnostic algorithms in the past 15 years. Recently, the combination of CT venography (CTV) of lower limbs and abdominal veins together with CT angiography of the pulmonary ...

Outpatient treatment of deep venous thrombosis has gained widespread acceptance and is facilitated by the use of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). We report two patients in whom subcutaneous lepirudin was used for long term anticoagulation after heart transplant or surgical pulmonary embolectomy because treatment with LMWH or warfarin ...

A 69-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presented with an exacerbation of cough and breathlessness, as well as a 5 day history of sudden-onset bilateral calf tenderness. He had been commenced on inhaled steroids 41/2 years earlier and then received maintenance oral prednisone. Upon examination, there was a ...

Forty cases with angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs), in which the diagnosis was confirmed pathologically, are analysed. Pathology of the AOVMs were classified into 22 AVMs (20 thrombosed, two cryptic), 16 cavernous malformations and two capillary telangiectasias. The location of AOVMs were in the cerebral hemisphere (32), cerebellum (3), thalamus ...

The role of season as a predisposing factor for the development of deep vein thrombosis is controversially discussed. We analysed retrospectively seasonal variations in the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis of the leg in 905 patients between 1996 and 2000. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between the season and the ...

A better understanding of lower limb haemodynamics and the effects of intermittent pneumatic compression on the lower limb has led to an increasing awareness of the potential value of intermittent pneumatic compression in both venous and arterial disease. Intermittent pneumatic compression can be used in both the primary and secondary ...

BACKGROUND: Superficial venous thrombophlebitis (SVT) of the long saphenous vein (LSV) has been shown to be associated with thrombus propagation into the common femoral vein in up to 44% of cases. Conservative management can thus result in deep vein thrombosis (DVT), deep vein insufficiency or fatal pulmonary embolism (PE). To ...

Treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolic disease when full anticoagulation is absolutely or relatively contraindicated is difficult. We report on a case where the chosen treatment proved unsuccessful. Our patient had a primary intracerebral haemorrhage, complicated by a proximal deep vein thrombosis and despite placement of a vena ...

A study was conducted on all patients referred to the ultrasound service of the radiology department of the University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, for evaluation of a clinical diagnosis of thrombosis of the deep veins of the lower limb, during the period January 1, 1995, to December ...

PURPOSE: Kinking of the iliac arteries can cause flow limitations in endurance athletes. Such kinking may be treated by surgical release of the iliac arteries. However, when the length of the iliac artery is excessive, this may not be effective. Because threshold values of excessive length of the iliac arteries ...

The deep inferior epigastric artery provides the main blood supply to the lower abdominal wall. Microdissection of the artery, its main branches, and the perforator vessels was undertaken in 20 cadavers. The artery was found to be associated with two veins in most of the cases (90 percent). The lateral ...

Diagnosing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism has become definitely easier and more reliable over the past fifteen years, especially thanks the development of lower limbs venous compression ultrasonography and fibrin D-Dimer measurement. These tests allowed reducing the requirement for venography and pulmonary angiography to a small minority of patients. ...

The interobserver variability of compression ultrasound of proximal and distal veins in clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis was assessed. One hundred one symptomatic legs of all patients referred for clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis on 21 consecutive workdays were examined by two investigators independently according to a standardized protocol of ...

Psoas abscess is an uncommon condition with vague clinical presentation. It generally has an insidious onset and before the advent of computed tomography, few cases were reported in the medical literature. We report the case of a middle aged diabetic woman who presented with left leg swelling. Doppler ultrasound revealed ...

The purpose of this study is to retrospectively examine the patterns of diagnostic modality utilization in the setting of suspected acute pulmonary embolism (PE) by physicians in the emergency department (ED) of a major academic tertiary care center. All patients (n=180) with a hospital discharge diagnosis of PE that were ...

SUMMARY: Pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) represent two manifestations of the same syndrome, venous thromboembolism. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) angiography is a practical, efficient alternative to conventional imaging for PE. Following the pulmonary examination, the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the iliac, femoral, and popliteal veins can ...

Osteochondroma is a common benign bone tumor that sometimes causes vascular complications when the lesion is situated near the knee. Venous complications are seen less frequently. We report two cases of solitary osteochondroma that arose in the distal femur. The patients were an 11-year-old boy and a 16-year-old boy, both ...

Invasive treatment modalities for severe chronic twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), such as fetoscopic laser coagulation of communicating vessels, have revived the need for detailed studies of placental angioarchitecture. We describe a practical placental vascular injection technique using alcohol-resistant tissue-staining dyes. Injection of color-coded gelatin-dye mixtures effectively delineated the intertwin vasculature, ...

The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) has been improved and simplified over the past decade thanks to advances in noninvasive and readily accessible technology. With high degrees of sensitivity and specificity, venous ultrasonography is favored as the initial investigation for DVT. To diagnose PE, most ...

The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and significance of the high echogenicity of blood frequently encountered in medial gastrocnemial veins (MGVs) during venous ultrasound scanning of the calf in sitting patients. Using a commercially available multi-frequency linear probe an experienced radiologist prospectively analysed a series of ...

OBJECTIVE: In endurance athletes, flow limitations in the iliac arteries are commonly ascribed to mechanically induced intravascular lesions (endofibrosis). We hypothesize that kinking of the vessels, occurring during exercise, can also cause such flow limitations. Conventional diagnostic tests fail to demonstrate such kinking. METHODS: In the current study, the iliac ...

Pulmonary thromboembolism is the leading cause of maternal death in the UK. Optimal management of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism requires an appreciation of risk factors, particularly thrombophilia, and signs or symptoms suggestive of venous thromboembolism, along with objective diagnosis and treatment with anticoagulants. Low molecular weight heparins are ...

Deep venous thrombosis is the most common complication in patients having elective total knee replacement. Pneumatic compression devices play an important role in the prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis and effectively decrease the risk of distal deep venous thrombosis. The combination therapy with pharmacologic agents has the benefit of decreasing ...

Pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis are two facets of the same disease, that is, venous thromboembolism (VTE). In patients with angiographically proven PE, the prevalence of proximal deep vein thrombosis by venography is around 70%. The sensitivity of compression ultrasonography (US) for the diagnosis of acute VTE in ...

The development of deep venous thrombosis and the ensuing secondary complications of pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and stroke may be produced in high altitude climbers as a result of acclimatization to altitude. To prevent these serious disorders, investigation for predisposing risk factors and consideration of anticoagulative therapy should be ...

A 36-year-old woman with effort thrombosis of the subclavian vein associated with multiple pulmonary emboli was successfully treated with local thrombolysis of the subclavian vein using a pulse-spray catheter and systemic anticoagulation. Balloon venoplasty of the residual stenosis of subclavian vein was carried out and in follow-up venography 6 months ...

A previously healthy 60-year-old man had a two-year history of dizziness or faintness when eating but not when drinking. MRI of the brain detected deep venous dilatation, and digital subtraction cerebral angiography showed superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. These symptoms were completely resolved after the daily administration of 200 mg ticlopidine ...

There have been a large number of randomized trials comparing standard unfractionated intravenous heparin with low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis, but only two of these have looked at outpatient therapy. There have been only two randomized trials including patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism, and neither of these ...

Carlo Giacomini, later Professor of Anatomy at the University of Turin, Italy, presented a thesis on superficial and deep lower limb venous anatomy in July 1873. This resulted in his name being associated with a vein that he described in detail that passes up deep to the fascia on the ...

Vascular leiomyosarcoma (LMS)is a rare malignant tumor arising from the muscle cells of the media of the vessels. Vascular LMS is often diagnosed as a result of the clinical manifestations of impaired venous flow such as edema and phlebothrombosis. The authors present a case of an LMS in a 72-year-old ...