This case report describes a patient with relapsed primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), in which splenectomy was not possible due to the persistence of a low platelet count despite treatment with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and platelet transfusion treatment. As an attempt to increase platelet count prior to performing splenectomy, ...

Five new steroidal glycosides, timosaponin J ( 1), timosaponin K ( 2), (25 S)-karatavioside C ( 5), timosaponin L ( 6), and (25 S)-officinalisnin-I ( 8), together with eight known steroidal saponins, timosaponin E (1) ( 3), purpureagitosid ( 4), timosaponin BII ( 7), timosaponin B III ( 9), anemarrhenasaponin ...

Background: There is considerable debate regarding the negative impact of concomitant proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy on the antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel. Aim: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of studies that have evaluated the platelet function of patients receiving clopidogrel alone compared with those ...

Platelets are the second most abundant cell type in blood and are essential for maintaining haemostasis. Their count and volume are tightly controlled within narrow physiological ranges, but there is only limited understanding of the molecular processes controlling both traits. Here we carried out a high-powered meta-analysis of genome-wide association ...

Understanding the cellular mechanisms of platelet activation and their pharmacological modulation is of major interest for basic and clinical research. Here we introduce a comprehensive human platelet repository (PlateletWeb) for systems biological analysis of platelets in the functional context of integrated networks. Functional, drug and pathway associations provide a first ...

A new class of organic-inorganic hybrid aerogels having small pores and narrow pore size distribution are synthesized from well-dispersed clay platelets in water as base catalyst. Clay-catalyzed organic gels have strong advantage in controlling nanopore structure as well as reducing drying shrinkage by reinforcing the organic network with inorganic platelets.

Allogeneic platelet transfusions protect patients from bleeding episodes and also make aggressive medical procedures such as those involving marrow transplants requiring chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy possible. These patients are dependent upon an unfailing supply of platelets that can sometimes be in short supply due to high demands coupled with an extremely ...

Clopidogrel is approved for reduction of atherothrombotic events in patients with cardiovascular (CV) and cerebrovascular disease. Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel decreases the risk of major adverse cardiac events after acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous coronary intervention, compared with aspirin alone. Due to concern about gastrointestinal bleeding in ...

Small calibre vascular prostheses (<6 mm) still lack medium and long term patency. Inelasticity of the prosthesis is one of the characteristics, which is involved in the mechanisms of failure (e.g. the development of neointimal hyperplasia at the distal anastomosis). Here we report about covalently crosslinked poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks (cPnBA) ...

Inflammatory lung disease is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Mechanisms of unresolved acute inflammation in CF are not completely known, although the involvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in nonrespiratory cells is emerging. Here we examined CFTR expression and function in human ...

Receptor signaling is integral for adhesion, emigration, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species production in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Priming is an important part of PMN emigration, but it can also lead to PMN-mediated organ injury in the host. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) primes PMNs through activation of a specific G protein-coupled receptor. ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to compare the in vitro effects of amoxicillin and ampicillin on the oxidative metabolism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). METHODS: Superoxide radical anion production by PMNs, stimulated or not by various exogenous stimulants and in contact with increasing antibiotic concentrations, was measured using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS: Whereas ...

Recent reports have indicated that, as well as having antiresorptive effects, bisphosphonates could have an application as anti-inflammatory drugs. Our aim was to investigate whether this anti-inflammatory action could be mediated by the nitric oxide (NO) released by the leukocytes migrating to the site of inflammation. In particular, we investigated ...

Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory reactions are closely interrelated, and increasing attention is being given to the search for new synthetic or natural antioxidant agents, capable of reducing ROS and consequent inflammation. It has been claimed that bisabolol (a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol) has an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory ...

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP), the prototypic marker of inflammation, is present in atherosclerotic plaques and appears to promote atherogenesis. Also, CRP has been localized to monocytes and tissue macrophages, which are present in the necrotic core of lesions prone to plaque rupture. Leukocyte-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO), primarily hosted in human polymorphonuclear ...

Mucosal diseases are often characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate that includes polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets. A number of studies have suggested that the interaction of platelets with leukocytes has an essential proinflammatory role. Here, we examined whether platelets migrate across mucosal epithelium, as PMNs are known to ...

Transepithelial migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) plays a crucial role in inflammatory conditions of the intestine, such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Hypertonic saline (HS) exerts various inhibitory effects on PMN function. We hypothesized that HS could inhibit transepithelial migration of PMN and thereby prevent inflammatory events in experimental colitis. Isolated ...

PURPOSE: Biofilm formation is increasingly recognized as the cause of persistent infections and there is evidence that P. aeruginosa organized into biofilms are quite resistant toward host defence mechanisms, particularly against an attack by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Apparently, the migration of PMN through the biofilms is impaired, and thus the ...

AIM OF THE STUDY: Antrodia camphorata, a precious folkloric medicinal mushroom, has been used to treat tumorigenic diseases in Taiwan. This study was to investigate the innate immunity augmentation effects of different fractions prepared from hot water extracts of submerged cultured Antrodia camphorata (AC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cytokine induction ...

Symptomatic infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc) results in a potent polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-driven inflammatory response, but the mechanisms by which Gc withstands PMN attack are poorly defined. Here we report that Gc can suppress the PMN oxidative burst, a central component of the PMN antimicrobial arsenal. Primary human PMNs remained ...

Chemotaxis allows polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to rapidly reach infected and inflamed sites. However, excessive influx of PMN damages host tissues. Better knowledge of the mechanisms that control PMN chemotaxis may lead to improved treatments of inflammatory diseases. Recent findings suggest that ATP and adenosine are involved in PMN chemotaxis. Therefore, ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare collagenase activity and collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) in gingivitis (G), chronic periodontitis (CP), and peri-implantitis (PI) human subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: GCF and PISF were collected on filter paper strips, volume was determined, and samples ...

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether caspofungin and other echinocandins have immune-enhancing properties that influence human polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-mediated mold hyphal damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using aniline blue staining, we compared patterns of beta-glucan exposure in Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Rhizopus oryzae, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Scedosporium prolificans, and Scedosporium apiospermum hyphae ...

Using 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS)-coated (PbMg 1/3 Nb 2/3 O3)0.63-(PbTiO3)0.37 (PMN-PT)/tin and lead zirconate titanate/glass piezoelectric microcantilever sensors (PEMSs) with single-chain variable fragment (scFv) immobilized on the MPS surface, we have demonstrated real-time, label-free detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) in a background of 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin. ...

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-derived microparticles display inhibitory properties on target cells as assessed in vitro; since PMNs contain abundant amounts of the endogenous anti-inflammatory protein annexin 1 (AnxA1), we tested here whether biologically active AnxA1 could be present in PMN-derived microparticles. PMN adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers ...

Many aspects of the pathology in beta-hemoglobinopathies (beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia) are mediated by oxidative stress. Fermented papaya preparation (FPP) was tested for its antioxidant effects: the scavenging effect was determined spectrofluorometrically in a cell-free system using 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate (DCF). Both spontaneous and H(2)O(2)-induced DCF oxidations were decreased by FPP ...

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs, or neutrophils) are the primary innate host defense against invading bacterial pathogens. Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of infection and ingest microorganisms through a process known as phagocytosis. Following phagocytosis by human PMNs, microorganisms are killed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and microbicidal products contained ...

This article hypothesizes that the individual-difference variable, need for cognition (NFC), can have opposite implications for priming effects, depending on prime blatancy. Subtle primes are argued to be more effective for high- versus low-NFC individuals. This is because for high-NFC individuals, (a) constructs are generally easier to activate, (b) their ...

The frequency of zygomycosis has increased considerably over recent years mainly in immunocompromised and diabetic patients. Little is known about the effects of host innate immunity against different Zygomycetes especially under the influence of antifungal agents. The antifungal activity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in combination with liposomal amphotericin B ...

PURPOSE: To study the effects of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) on polymorhonuclear neutrophil (PMN) function and phenotype by comparing neutrophils from critically ill patients with SIRS against those from healthy blood donors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intensive care unit patients (n = 110) who met at least one SIRS criterion ...

Decellularization treatment of heart valves has been thought to eliminate tissue immunogenicity. Early failure of tissue-engineered xenogeneic heart valves was seen in children and has been a major drawback in this promising field of research. This study was designed to characterize the effects of acellular porcine heart valve tissue on ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of milking frequency on the phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes of primiparous and multiparous cows under 2 nutritional management regimens during early lactation. At calving, 12 primiparous and 12 multiparous cows were randomly assigned ...

Lipoic acid (LA) and its reduced product dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) are potent antioxidants with capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and recycle endogenous antioxidants. LA may increase cellular glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant lacking in the lung's epithelial lining fluid in lung disorders such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Neutrophils ...

BACKGROUND: Mice lacking plasminogen (PG-/-) require alternative pathways of fibrinolysis for survival. This may depend on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) that can clear soluble and insoluble fibrin(ogen) through PG-independent processes. Our objective was to demonstrate that PMNs from PG-/- mice exhibit increased Mac-1 dependent phagocytic activity, which may explain their increased ...

In the last years the studies regarding the biocompatibility of dental materials investigate, in addition to the classic cytotoxic tests, the interactions between the materials and the host cells to better explain the causes of the adverse effects observed sometimes in the clinical practice. In the present study the ability ...

Caveolin-1 present in immune cells may be involved in regulation of the inflammatory response. Here, using caveolin-1-null (Cav-1(-/-)) mice, we addressed the role of caveolin-1 in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in regulating PMN activation-mediated lung injury. In lungs of wild-type (Cav-1(+/+)) mice perfused at constant flow with Krebs-Henseleit solution, addition of ...

Several soluble mediators, including endotoxin, prime neutrophils for an enhanced respiratory burst in response to subsequent stimulation. Priming of neutrophils occurs in vitro, and primed neutrophils are found in vivo. We previously localized the anion transporter ClC-3 to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) secretory vesicles and demonstrated that it is required for ...

Hemocyte migration toward infection and wound sites is an essential component of insect defense reactions, although the biochemical signal mechanisms responsible for mediating migration in insect cells are not well understood. Here we report on the outcomes of experiments designed to test the hypotheses that (1) insect hemocytes are able ...

Lower CVD incidence is reported in Asian populations consuming soya-containing food. As polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are involved in the risk of CVD, we investigated the modulatory effect of soya isoflavones on several PMN functions and their molecular mechanisms in vitro. PMN, isolated from blood from healthy subjects, were tested upon ...

OBJECTIVE: It has been emphasized that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) participate in the regulation of coagulation. However, the mechanisms of action are not clear. Besides a procoagulant activity, anticoagulant or fibrinolytic properties are attributed to these cells. To explore their global effect, we have studied their involvement in the clot formation ...

Parnaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), prevents platelet activation and interaction with polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) in a washed cell system. The in-vitro effect of parnaparin was studied here on platelet-PMN aggregates formed with more physiologic approaches in whole blood, in parallel with unfractionated heparin and enoxaparin, another LMWH. Citrated blood from ...

Cotreatment of rats with nontoxic doses of ranitidine (RAN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes liver injury, and this drug-inflammation interaction might be a model for idiosyncratic adverse drug responses in humans. Both polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and the hemostatic system have been shown to be important in the injury. We tested the ...

Migration of neutrophils (PMN) across epithelia is a pathological hallmark of numerous mucosal diseases. Whereas lesions at mucosal surfaces are generally self-limiting, endogenous mechanisms of resolution are incompletely understood. Previous studies revealed that resolvins directly act on PMN to attenuate transendothelial migration, less is known about the influence of resolvins ...

OBJECTIVE: This article evaluates patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) to determine whether the V617F mutation in the JAK2 gene affects platelet hemostatic and adhesive molecules, platelet-polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) interactions, and PMN-activation characteristics, as well as plasma hypercoagulation markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven ET patients with V617F JAK2 mutation and 38 ...

The antiinflammatory effect of an ointment containing propolis extract (3%-7%) was examined using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. Treatment with the ointment inhibited the edema moderately, and the inhibition was significant at 5% and 7%. Additionally, the effect of the ointment on chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was ...

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) plays an important role in the innate immune response related to severe infections and sepsis. Modulation of TREM-1-associated activation improves the outcome in rodent models for pneumonia and sepsis. However, the identity and occurrence of the natural TREM-1 ligands are so ...

To explore the role of neutrophil-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during angiogenesis in the brain, we hypothesized that transient neutrophil depletion attenuates the angiogenic response to focal hyperstimulation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Brain focal angiogenesis was achieved using an adeno-associated virus delivered VEGF (AAV-VEGF) gene transfer in the mature ...

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate differential functional and phenotypic changes in response to clinically relevant synthetic inotropes plus the generation of oxidative free radicals by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), and changes in the expression of L-selectin and Mac-1 on the surface of PMN were examined in the presence of dobutamine and dopexamine in ...

Carbamylation is a post-translational modification of proteins characterized by the binding of cyanate to amino groups, increased in renal failure. Pathophysiological consequences of carbamylation and adverse effects of carbamylated proteins on cell functions are poorly understood. We studied the influence of carbamylated albumin on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) O(2)(-) production. Carbamylated ...

Recently we showed that angiotensin (Ang) II potentiates platelet aggregation, while Ang-(1-7) potentiates the anti-aggregatory action of the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and may therefore counteract platelet NO resistance that accompanies cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased levels of superoxide (O(2)(-)). In the current study, we ...