Lowering low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is the primary target in the management of dyslipidemia in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. However, patients who have achieved LDL-C levels below the currently recommended targets may still experience cardiovascular events. This may result, in part, from elevated triglyceride (TG) levels and low ...

An excessive food supply has resulted in an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, conditions accompanied by serious health problems. Several studies have confirmed the significant inverse correlation between testosterone and obesity. Indeed after decades of intense controversy, a consensus has emerged that androgens are important regulators of fat mass ...

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the independent relationships of trunk fat, leg fat and arm fat to cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors, after controlling for relevant confounders such as fat mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness and objectively measured physical activity. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving 683 ...

Cholesterol gallstone disease is a common clinical condition influenced by genetic factors, increasing age, female gender, and metabolic factors. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently considered the gold standard in treating patients with symptomatic gallstones, new perspectives regarding medical therapy of cholelithiasis are currently under discussion, also taking into account the ...

Only a few studies have reported nationwide population-based data on the magnitude and control of hypercholesterolemia. This work examines the prevalence and management of hypercholesterolemia in Spain. Cross-sectional study conducted from June 2008 to October 2010 on 11,554 individuals representative of the population aged ≥ 18 years in Spain. Study ...

Despite substantial risk reductions targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with statins, there remains significant residual risk as evidenced by incident and recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among statin-treated patients. Observational studies have shown that low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased CVD risk. It remains unclear whether ...

Blocking efficacy of whole soymilk, nonfat soymilk, SuperBlock, and nonfat milk was evaluated by performing standard protein immunoblotting procedures on both purified protein and crude nuclear extracts from HEK 293 cells. Nonfat soymilk was found to have superior blocking efficacy compared with other blocking agents in terms of high signal-to-noise ...

Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) promotes the cholesterol enrichment of apoB-containing lipoproteins (very low density lipoproteins, VLDL; low density lipoproteins, LDL) at the expense of high density lipoproteins (HDL). Recent studies demonstrated that apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1) is a potent CETP inhibitor in plasma of healthy, normolipidemic subjects. Our goal ...

Despite myriad anticonvulsants available and in various stages of development, there are thousands of children and adults with epilepsy worldwide still refractory to treatment and not candidates for epilepsy surgery. Many of these patients will now turn to dietary therapies such as the ketogenic diet, medium-chain triglyceride diet, modified Atkins ...

Atherosclerosis is a complex disease in which many processes contribute to lesion development. Yet, it is well accepted that high serum levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) play a main role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Despite currently available optimal LDL-lowering therapies, a worrisome number of clinical events still ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of use of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors with differences in lipid levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: We studied 807 patients with incident RA to compare differences in lipid levels in TNF-α inhibitor users versus nonusers, with adjustment for relevant covariables. RESULTS: ...

Optimal lipid targets (OLT) should be the goal for all individuals treated in the new era of cardiovascular (CV) disease prevention. Evidence supports that average LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) values in Westernized populations are not optimal. Lessons from nature and science support a physiologic LDL-C target of <70 mg/dL. Clinical trial ...

The relationship between lipid profile and coronary plaque tissue characteristics in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between tissue characteristics and lipid profile and predictors of unstable plaques (UPs) in patients with SAP by virtual histology intravascular ultrasonography ...

Although there appears to be a role for statins in reducing cerebrovascular events, the exact role of different lipid fractions in the etiopathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is not well understood. A secondary analysis of data collected for the placebo arm (n = 2,078) of the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events ...

Background: The relative risk of psoriasis and its severity are directly related to the body mass index. Objective:To investigate the effects of a hypoenergetic diet to maintain disease remission in obese patients. Methods:A questionnaire was administered to 200 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis asking whether diet could influence psoriasis ...

Levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are generally inversely associated with the risk for the development of atherosclerosis. The mechanism by which HDL imparts protection from the initiation and progression of occlusive vascular disease is complex and multifactorial. The major anti-atherosclerotic effect of HDL is felt to be reverse cholesterol ...

Elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels have been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite a 25-30% reduction in CVD risk with LDL-C reducing strategies, there is still a significant residual risk. Moreover, achieving target LDL-C values in individuals at high CVD risk is sometimes limited ...

Recombinant methionyl human leptin (r-metHuLeptin) was first used as a replacement therapy in patients bearing inactivating mutations in the leptin gene. In this indication, it was shown since 1999 to be very efficient in inducing a dramatic weight loss in rare children and adults with severe obesity due to the ...

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH), which affects 1 in a million individuals, leads to extremely elevated levels of cholesterol and early-onset cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess all 7 HoFH patients treated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis in Norway with respect to quality of life, clinical and ...

Reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels has been associated with a 25-30% reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. However, there still remains a significant and quantifiable risk. Since epidemiologic data have demonstrated that low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, novel ...

To determine the efficacy of the ketogenic diet for children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) at our institution and in the literature. The records of children with LGS initiated on the ketogenic diet at our institution from 1994 to 2010 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included the presence of ≤2.5Hz spike-and-wave complexes ...

Consumption of oats has long been known to lower plasma total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, an effect usually attributed to the soluble fibers β-glucans. On the basis of this cholesterol-lowering effect, oats are ascribed cardiovascular health-promoting properties. However, besides cholesterol levels, effects of oats on parameters relating to ...

Previous epidemiological and feeding studies have observed that adherence to Mediterranean diet (Med-Diet) is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Since atherosclerosis is nowadays considered a low-grade inflammatory disease, recent studies have explored the anti-inflammatory effects of a Med-Diet intervention on serum ...

We evaluated the effects of adding ezetimibe to statin therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who could not achieve the target cholesterol levels recommended in the 2007 Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases on statin monotherapy. Ezetimibe (10 mg) was added to basal ...

Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction, which has triggered the hypothesis that HDL, in contrast to low-density lipoprotein (LDL), acts as an anti-atherogenic lipoprotein. Moreover, experimental studies have identified potential anti-atherogenic properties of HDL, including promotion of ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate changes in plasma biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and lipids in a CD4-guided antiretroviral therapy interruption study. METHODS: This was a substudy of a prospective, randomized, multicentre treatment interruption study. At months 12, 24 and 36, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), soluble vascular ...

Cushing's Disease (CD) alters fat distribution, muscle mass, adipokine profile, and cardiovascular risk factors. It is not known whether remission entirely reverses these changes. Our objective was to determine whether the adverse body composition and cardiovascular risk profile in CD change after remission. Fourteen CD patients were studied prospectively: before ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among adults in the United States. CVD pathology, including abnormal lipid levels, may begin in childhood. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) survivors have increased risk of abnormal lipid levels, but there is limited information in children post-HSCT. The study aimed to ...

Topiramate is an anticonvulsant agent effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, which also induces weight reduction by an unknown mechanism. We investigated the effect of topiramate on resting metabolic rate, anthropometric measurements, and body composition in patients with migraine independently from any intention to lose body weight. Forty patients (18-71 years ...

Pitavastatin (Livazo®, Livalo®), an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase (statin), is indicated for the reduction of elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, in adult patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia and mixed dyslipidaemia, when response to diet and other non-pharmacological measures is inadequate. Pitavastatin has a favourable pharmacological profile ...

Lowering of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels remains the primary aim of lipid management. Much progress has been made in reducing rates of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, largely through increased awareness of lipid-lowering therapies and particularly through the use of high-efficacy LDL-C-lowering HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). While statins ...

The effects of polarized-light therapy (PLT) on high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis were investigated in comparison with that of lovastatin in rabbits. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding male New Zealand white rabbits with 1% cholesterol in diet for 2 weeks and maintained with 0.5% cholesterol for 6 weeks, followed ...

Whilst emerging evidence from animal and cell experiments has shown high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to have anti-inflammatory effects consistent with a protective role in asthma, human studies investigating the relationship of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with asthma have produced conflicting results. To examine the association between serum lipids among Cypriot children aged ...

Lipid lowering is established as a proven intervention to reduce atherosclerosis and its complications. Statins form the basis of care but are not able to treat all aspects of dyslipidaemia. Many novel therapeutic compounds are being developed. These include additional therapeutics for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, for example, thyroid mimetics (thyroid ...

Implicit pro-thin/anti-fat attitudes were investigated among a mixed group of patients with full and sub-threshold Anorexia Nervosa (n = 17), and a matched-age control group (n = 17). The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) was employed to measure implicit pro-thin and anti-fat attitudes towards Self and Others in addition to ...

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that is used as a treatment for patients with difficult-to-control epilepsy. The present study assesses the efficacy and tolerability of the KD as an add-on therapy in adults with chronic refractory epilepsy. 15 adults were treated with the classical diet ...

PurposeTo evaluate the association between xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) and atherosclerosis by the measurement of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). In addition, the concurrent association between metabolic syndrome, dyslipidaemia and dyslipoproteinaemia was also assessed.Study designA cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2008 to April 2009 involving 40 patients of XP and ...

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been identified as an independent inverse predictor of coronary heart disease, leading to the inclusion of HDL-C in certain risk engines. However, negative results also exist and create confusion regarding the value of interventions that increase HDL-C. The possible reasons for these conflicting findings are ...

Patients with acute coronary syndrome are recommended for early aggressive low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-lowering therapy. The LUNAR study compared the efficacy of rosuvastatin with that of atorvastatin in decreasing LDL cholesterol in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Adult patients with coronary artery disease who were hospitalized for an acute coronary ...

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) from marine origin have been strongly associated with cardiovascular protection, even at low doses (< 1g/d). Despite the research performed in this promising area, basic aspects, such as the ideal doses and the mechanisms by which ω-3 PUFAs act, are not precisely defined. The ...

Introduction: With the rise of the obesity epidemic in the United States over the last several decades and the medical complications seen with it, weight loss and dieting have become a national public health concern. Discussion: Because of their increased use and availability through internet sales, several different dieting agents ...

Lifestyle modifications, particularly diet, are a key component to the reduction of cardiovascular events. Diets high in carbohydrates and saturated fat have been shown to negatively affect blood cholesterol, thereby increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary interventions that emphasize the consumption of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables have ...

There are no clinically available biomarkers for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); differentiating between steatosis and NASH requires histologic evaluation. Noninvasive methods are needed to replace liver biopsy and its associated risks. Production of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) contributes to the development of NASH and might be used to distinguish steatosis ...

BACKGROUND: Lipid disorders are frequent in HIV-1-infected patients taking combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) that includes protease inhibitors (PIs). The presence of small dense low-density lipoprotein particles might be an important predictive marker of cardiovascular disease in this setting. This cross-sectional substudy of the ANRS 126 trial was designed to identify ...

Coeliac disease is increasingly diagnosed and weight changes are common after adoption of a gluten-free diet (GFD), however data on body mass index (BMI) changes are limited. To assess changes in BMI after diagnosis in a large coeliac population. A total of 1018 patients with biopsy confirmed coeliac disease seen ...

An infectious burden has been suggested to be associated with atherosclerosis in humans, based on the shared and underlying inflammatory responses during infection and atherosclerosis. However, the efficacy of anti-atherogenic drugs is yet to be tested against atherosclerosis in a scenario involving an infectious burden. We have examined alpha-lipoic acid ...

PURPOSE: Metabolic disturbances are quite common in critically ill patients. Glycemic control appears to be an important adjuvant therapy in such patients. In addition, disorders of lipid metabolism are associated with worse prognoses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects that two different glycemic control protocols have ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. CVD is an inflammatory disease associated with risk factors that include hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Furthermore, the evolution of this disease depends on the amount of modified lipoproteins (e.g. oxidized) present in the arterial subendothelium. Diet is ...

Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A [HMG CoA] reductase inhibitors) reduce blood lipoproteins and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. However, they may reduce fat metabolism. This study tested the hypothesis that total body fat oxidation is reduced by statins in older subjects and the reduction is not due to substrate availability. ...

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence, awareness and treatment of high low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level in Korean adults without coronary heart disease. National representative cross-sectional surveys, data of 5248 Korean adults (2246 men and 3002 women) aged between 20 and 79 years from the Third ...