In an experimental strain of white plumage geese created in 1989, two experiments were carried out from 1993 to 1995 in order to estimate genetic parameters for growth, and carcass composition traits in non-overfed animals, and genetic parameters for growth and fatty liver formation in overfed animals. Four hundred and ...

Eighty pigs, male and female littermate pairs, were fed a control or a test diet from 25 to 95 kg live weight. The diets, as fed, contained 15.5 g/kg linoleic acid (18:2) and 1.9 g/kg α-linolenic acid (18:3) (control) or 10 g/kg linoleic acid and 4 g/kg α-linolenic acid (test). ...

In a complete between-subjects design, 576 respondents judged covariations of problems framed around height, weight, and body fat. A verbal measure was used, consisting of propositional statements representing relationships between two of the variables, as well as two types of response options: true or false, and a 7-point, bipolar, Likert-type ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of weight reduction on clinical signs of lameness among overweight dogs with clinical and radiographic signs of hip osteoarthritis. DESIGN: Nonblinded prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: 9 client-owned dogs with radiographic signs of hip osteoarthritis that weighed 11 to 12% greater than their ideal body weight ...

Typically, the simplest and most cost-efficient ergonomic solution to offset the rising costs of low back injuries is to reduce the box weight that is lifted. However, there is limited research on how a worker interacts with the box. In the present study, we quantify the utility of reducing the ...

Fear of weight gain is one of the main factors contributing to the poor compliance seen with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Although an increase in weight can be a result of rehydration, (which in turn may alleviate some of the effects of skin ageing), many women consider weight gain to ...

A typical feature of most vertical orb webs is that the upper web region is smaller and contains less silk than the lower web region, creating an asymmetrical web. The degree of web asymmetry changes during the spider's development: small juveniles construct more symmetrical webs, but older and larger individuals ...

This study examined the prospective relations of naturalistic weight-reduction efforts to growth in relative weight and onset of obesity with data from a community study of female adolescents (N = 692). Initial self-labeled dieting, appetite suppressant/laxative use, incidental exercise, vomiting for weight-control purposes, and binge eating predicted elevated growth in ...

PURPOSE: To reevaluate the relationships between standardized uptake values (SUVs) and body weight by using positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[fluorine 18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: FDG PET scanning was performed in 138 female patients with known or suspected primary breast cancers. SUVs in blood and tumor (n = 79) ...

The effect of growth path, as opposed to advancing age, on the biophysical and biochemical properties of muscle connective tissue was investigated. Nine-month old Brahman-cross steers were grown across either an uninterrupted path, or paths that incorporated weight-loss and then weight gain on two different diets: one group was realimented ...

Smoking cessation usually results in weight gain. Nicotine gum therapy has been found to reduce weight gain in the first months after cessation, but its long-term effects are not fully known. The present study randomly assigned 608 smokers to receive placebo, 2 or 4 mg nicotine gum. In a follow-up ...

Anogenital distance (AGD) is an endpoint that was recently added to the U.S. EPA testing guidelines for reproductive toxicity studies. This endpoint is sensitive to hormonal effects of test chemicals. It is possible that apparent alterations in AGD might occur after treatment with agents that affect overall pup body size. ...

We describe a method based on isotope analysis (δ(13)C) for characterization and differentiation of Iberian pork meat as a function of the diet of the animal. Using adipose tissue, it is possible to classify unknown samples in group of animals designated "acorn-fed", "recebo=mixed-fed" and "feed raised" according the δ(13)C value ...

The hydration of fat free mass (FFM) and extracellular (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) compartments were studied in 30 obese premenopausal women before and after a 3-mo weight-reduction program and again after a 9-mo weight-maintenance program. Body fat was determined by a four-compartment model. Total body water and ECW were ...

1. Growth patterns of the whole body, eviscerated carcases, breast muscle, leg and thigh muscles and abdominal fat pads were compared in 4 lines (Lines A, B, C, and D) of male ducks selected for market weight (n = 1305) using growth curve analysis, allometric growth analysis and repeated measure ...

Adult, Wistar male rats were lipectomized or sham lipectomized. The food-hoarding behavior was measured repeatedly and plotted against the animals' body weights. Body weight set point was estimated as the intercept of regression line of hoarding with the X axis. Body fat content was measured with a TOBEC body composition ...

1. Growth of the oesophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, intestine, liver and pancreas weight was investigated in Mallards, White Pekins, Muscovies and a Muscovy x White Pekin cross. The birds varied in age between hatching and 154 d. The data were analysed by fitting both the Janoschek growth curve and the allometric ...

This study evaluated effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin E (1000 IU vitamin E/daily for 100 days prior to harvest) to fed cattle on retail caselife performance of fresh US beef in an export market (Japan). Economic performance (monetary losses associated with color deterioration) for US beef from vitamin E ...

Investigations were conducted into the effectiveness of morphometric measurements (MM) of beef carcass for the prediction of weights and percentages of muscle and fat using 237 carcasses of two pure and five cross-bred breed types. In addition to the MM, side weight (CW) and cross-sectional (SM) measurements were used for ...

OBJECTIVES: This present study describes weight control strategies used by a heterogeneous sample of US adults and their associations with weight and behaviour change over time. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Participants for this study were 1120 US adults recruited from the community who enrolled in a three-year intervention ...

OBJECTIVE: Although the majority of evidence in rodents does not support the view that weight cycling (consisting of bouts of food restriction and refeeding) promotes obesity, the effects of weight cycling on body weight regulation remain controversial. We have previously demonstrated that some rats within a strain are more susceptible ...

High school and college wrestlers often attempt to "cut weight" before a tournament in an effort to wrestle in the lightest possible weight class and thereby gain an edge on opponents. Some wrestlers use unhealthy weight-loss practices, and last fall three college wrestlers died after extreme weight cutting.

A study was undertaken to test whether the elimination of metabolic pathways strongly involved in growth and fatness, comprising thyroid hormones (TH) and growth hormone (GH), is responsible for a substantial part of the genetic change produced by selection. Lines used in this study have been selected for about 50 ...

Body weight tends to remain relatively stable for long periods over an adult's lifespan. Dieting can reduce weight by 5-10%, but in most individuals attempts to lose larger amounts of weight are counteracted by a reduction in energy expenditure and an increase in hunger. The fact that body weight appears ...

We wished to learn if weight perception can be extinguished by studying two patients with right hemisphere brain damage. When lifting weights simultaneously, a patient with right frontal damage was not biased in her judgments of which weight was heavier. By contrast, a patient with right parietal damage reported left-sided ...

The aim of the present study was to determine the serum levels of insulin and corticosterone during different reproductive stages in a natural population of the male bat, Scotophilus heathi and their relationship to body weight and androstenedione level. Changes in body weight were marked by weight gain before winter ...

Intuitive judgements about covariations of length, weight, and width were assessed in two experiments using a series of propositional statements. In Exp. 1, only a priori judgements were rendered, whereas in Exp. 2 blindfolded participants physically manipulated and described a series of objects varying on these dimensions before rendering their ...

The physical and chemical composition of pork loin chops was investigated, examining the changes that occurred in (i) the whole chop, (ii) the fat tissue and (iii) the lean tissue by grilling to 80 °C. Adjacent 25 mm thick chops, with backfat and rind attached, were cut from loins of ...

High environmental temperatures are detrimental to the growth and feed:gain of broilers. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of incremental differences in environmental temperature on growth and feed:gain. The data are needed for decisions about the profitability of energy inputs when managing the housing environment. In ...

Normal growth is the expression of the genetic potential to growth which is neither abnormally constrained nor promoted by internal or external factors. Restricted fetal growth is common in human pregnancy and is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Because of ethical restrictions, pathogenetical studies are necessarily dependent on ...

America's overweight problem is universally recognized and escalating, despite billions of dollars spent to combat it. For the past century, a unidimensional paradigm was predominantly used to correct the overweight problem by reducing calories through dieting. As a result of the profound failure of traditional diet programs, a phenomenon known ...

Changes in body weight and composition in response to the metabolic load imposed by lactation are highly variable among and within diverse populations. In most reports, rates of weight loss did not differ between lactating and nonlactating women. Despite differences in the hormonal milieu between lactating and nonlactating women, only ...

College students' intuitive judgments about covariations between height, weight, and body fat were assessed in three experiments using responses to a series of propositional statements as the dependent variable. In Exp. 1, judgments were rendered without explicit exposure to a prior database. In Exps. 2 and 3, however, databases were ...

Weight gain is a serious side effect of antipsychotic therapy. Potential consequences of obesity include noncompliance with medications as well as significant morbidity and mortality. Because atypical antipsychotic agents are increasingly being used in adolescents, it is important to determine and further characterize the rate of weight gain in this ...

This study was conducted to determine whether brief, intermittent exposure to hypoxia with little change in nutrient intake would affect fetal growth. Pregnant rats were exposed to 1 or 2 h of hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.09-0.095) from days 15 to 19 of gestation. Exposure to 1 h of hypoxia decreased ...

Theories of weight illusions have traditionally emphasised either the primary contribution of low-level sensory cues or the role of expectation based on knowledge and past experience. Current models of weight illusions lean quite strongly towards sensory-based interpretations. The current experiment raises a problem for such approaches by generating a weight ...

The growth paths of 36, nine-month-old Brahman-cross steers were modified to determine the effect of their growth history on tenderness of the semitendinosus (ST) muscle. Steers were assigned to one of three treatment groups. One group of steers (uninterrupted group) was grazed on improved tropical pasture for 257 days and ...

The effects of ad libitum (AL) feeding, moderate dietary restriction (DR), and initial (6-week) and one-year body weights on the two-year survival of the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat were evaluated. DR-fed rats were given approximately 75 percent of the adult AL food intake. At two years, body weights of DR-fed males ...

Forty women smokers were randomly assigned to smoking cessation for a 10-day period of time, either during the follicular or the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. Measurements of dietary intake and body weight were collected during the same phase the previous (smoking as usual) month and during the cessation ...

Leuprolide acetate in depot form (0.75 mg/kg body weight/month, i.m.) was administered to four female rhesus monkeys from 18-30 months of age, a period that includes the premenarchial growth spurt. They were compared to eight age matched controls. As anticipated, sexual maturation was blocked in the Leuprolide group and menarche ...

Previous studies indicate that rats with lesions centered on the area postrema (AP) drink more saline and consume abnormally large amounts of water after treatment with subcutaneous isoproterenol (Iso) angiotensin II. In addition, lesioned rats lose a significant amount of body weight immediately after surgery. Nonetheless, there are disparate reports ...

The possible modulatory effect of browned yam flour, a local dietary staple in south western Nigeria, on the toxicity of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and bromobenzene (BrB) in rats was investigated. Feeding rats with 25% browned yam flour 2 wk before treatment with 65 mg/kg DMBA (single ...

We studied the effect of 2 weeks administration of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), on appetite and body weight in 18 moderately obese subjects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, mCPP caused a small but significant (0.75 kg) reduction in body weight and in subjective ratings of hunger. Plasma prolactin ...

It is proposed that body weight, like body water and body temperature, is physiologically regulated. In the case of body weight, coordinated adjustments in both the intake and expenditure of energy serve to stabilize the weights of individuals at a specified level and to resist their displacement from this level. ...

Abstract Locust nymphs were raised from hatching to adult locusts on either seedling wheat (C(3)) or maize (C(4)), to determine whether relative enrichments/depletions of (15)N and (13)C within body tissues are influenced by diet. The maize contained less hexose sugars and protein per gram than wheat. The isotopic spacing between ...

Complement plays important roles in host immune defences, and recent studies suggest that adipose tissue is an important site of production for some complement proteins. Starvation has been associated with low complement levels, but studied populations have usually had concomitant opportunistic infections or other conditions which might affect complement levels. ...

This study establishes baseline parameters and examines those variables thought to influence cremains weights. Data were collected during the cremation of 100 individuals. A series of measurements was taken to determine relative skeletal robusticity. The weight, stature, sex, and age of each cadaver was recorded prior to cremation. The average ...

OBJECTIVES: To study natural weight changes and to develop a weight classification system that can identify weight maintainers, gainers, and losers. DESIGN/OUTCOME: A prospective, observational study in which weight changes over five annual measurements were evaluated. In the weight classification system used, changes greater than 5 lb defined weight maintenance, ...

Fifty-two BMT institutions were sent a questionnaire asking for details of dosing for busulphan, cyclophosphamide (bu-cy), cyclosporin and methotrexate (CSA-MTX). The following data were requested: (a) the method used to determine the body weight for dosage calculations (b) the actual dose per weight and (c) the schedule of administration. Thirty-six ...

Six event horses jumped a 1.10 m high table fence 4 times under each of 2 conditions; the rider weight condition involved carrying the weight of the rider and saddle (61 kg), whereas the added weight condition included an additional 18 kg weight cloth. Sagittal view, 60 Hz video recordings ...