Young women with galactosemia experience ovarian failure at a very early age raising concern about the ovarian toxicity of galactose. While galactose may be present in the diet as a monosaccharide, it is predominantly derived from cleavage of the disaccharide lactose within the intestine. Our previous studies in animals have ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Two wavelengths, 585 and 595 nm, are currently common options for treating vascular malformations such as port-wine stains (PWS). Controversy exists as to which wavelength induces greater photothermal damage to the blood vessels and subsequent resolution of the malformations. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: We irradiated normal, human ...

Although ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation perturbs the skin barrier, little is known about the mechanism(s) with respect to the metabolism of ceramide (Cer). We examined changes in intercellular lipids in murine stratum corneum following UVB irradiation. A single UVB (75 mJ per cm(2)) irradiation caused a significant increase in transepidermal ...

Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) containing poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEGdA) and modified gelatin were prepared with 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) as a photoinitiator. The effect of (i) initiator and PEGdA concentration, and (ii) weight ratio and type of modified gelatin on the conversion of PEGdA functional end groups was monitored in situ using attenuated ...

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that oxidative conditions in postmortem (PM) tissue decrease calpain activity and proteolysis, subsequently minimizing the extent of tenderization. To achieve different levels of oxidation, the diets of beef cattle were supplemented with vitamin E for the last 126 d on feed, and ...

AIM: To study the relevance of restricting the exogenous intake of small amounts of galactose, such as from fruit and vegetables, in patients with classical galactosaemia. METHODS: For a period of six weeks, increasing doses of oral galactose to a maximum of 600 mg per day, were added to a ...

To evaluate ocular morphological response to ultraviolet B (UV-B) exposure in guinea pigs fed with normal and low-ascorbic acid (ASA) diets, 24 guinea pigs were randomly divided into UVR (normal diet + UV-B), LVC (low-ASA diet + UV-B) and CTL (normal diet, without UV-B) groups. The irradiated animals were exposed ...

Reduction, refinement and replacement of laboratory animals wherever possible, are the guiding principles of the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA) education guidelines. Of these, reduction is probably the least understood. Reduction and refinement are dependent upon each other. In the reduction "axis", there is a window of ...

Betel quid (BQ) chewing is strongly associated with the occurrence of oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral cancer. There are about 200-600 million BQ chewers in the world. Previous animal studies support the potential carcinogenicity of BQ in different test systems. However, little animal experiment has let hamsters or ...

BACKGROUND: The life span of donor red blood cells (RBCs) is reduced in the fetus with Rh hemolytic disease. This may have resulted from donor or recipient factors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Studied in vitro was the effect of gamma irradiation on hemolysis, methemo-globin (metHb), and lipid peroxidation of donor ...

Four small tortilla plants were visited in Cameron County, Texas, where observations were made on their production methods. Samples of liquids and solids were collected at each stage of the nixtamalization process, and the pH was recorded. Samples were analyzed for fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) using an immunoaffinity column/HPLC method chosen ...

Acrylamide (AA) is a neurotoxic and carcinogenic contaminant that is formed during the cooking of starchy foods. Assessment of human risks from toxicants is routinely performed using laboratory rodents, and such testing requires careful control of unintended exposures, particularly through the diet. This study describes an analytical method based on ...

The objective of this study was to examine whether ciprofloxacin-containing otic drops (Cipro HC Otic Suspension; 0.2% ciprofloxacin, 0.1% hydrocortisone; Alcon, Ontario, Canada) are cochleotoxic in the chinchilla animal model. Five chinchillas in total underwent these studies. Pretreatment distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were measured in each ear, followed by a ...

In Trial 1, rams (n=26) were fed different levels (0, 250,000, 500,000 or 750,000 IU) of vitamin D(3) for 4 days to determine the most effective dose to increase blood calcium concentrations. Trial 2 consisted of feeding feedlot lambs (n=40) different levels (0 or 750,000 IU) of vitamin D(3) for ...

Seventy two Simmental bulls, weighing 489 kg and approximately 15 months old fed extensively or intensively on maize silage and concentrate mixture for 100 or 138 days, were divided into four groups to assess the effect of time on feed and feeding intensity on the performance, carcass and meat quality ...

BACKGROUND: Investigations have been conducted on the potential of pyruvate, a normal tissue metabolite, in the prevention of cataract formation. METHODS: Cataract was induced by maintaining young rats on a diet containing 30% galactose. The progress of cataract was monitored by visual inspection and ophthalmoscopic and slit-lamp examinations. The protective ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a novel aldose reductase inhibitor on lens protein kinase Cgamma (PKCgamma) levels in galactosemic dogs. Six-month old Beagles (12 total; 6 male and 6 female) were made galactosemic by feeding a diet of 40% galactose for 6 weeks. Three ...

Meat quality traits and palatability characteristics were evaluated on 240 barrows and gilts subjected to one of eight dietary regimens: (1) control (no supplement), (2) vitamin D(3)(D(3)), (3) vitamin E (E), (4) magnesium (Mg), (5) vitamins D(3) and E (D(3)/E), (6) vitamin D(3) and magnesium (D(3)/Mg), (7) vitamin E and ...

Sterilization capability is a necessary requirement for any material that is to be used in a medical application. Therefore, it is necessary for apatite cement (AC) to be sterilized. Because there is little information on the sterilization methods of AC, the aims of this investigation were to evaluate the effects ...

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of a dietary mixture of nucleosides and nucleotides (NS) on the systemic incidence rates of postirradiation carcinogenesis and non-neoplastic lesions in mice. METHODS: Five-week-old male B6C3F1 mice were fed AIN-76B Purified Diet supplemented with NS for 1 wk and 13 mo before and after irradiation ...

Photooxidative processes play a role in the pathobiochemistry of various disorders of light-exposed tissue. After irradiation of skin with UV light, erythema (sunburn) is an initial effect suitable for monitoring the direct biological response. Carotenoids are efficient in photoprotection, scavenging singlet oxygen and peroxyl radicals. Intervention studies with supplements or ...

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of early postmortem protein oxidation on the color and tenderness of beef steaks. To obtain a range of oxidation levels, the longissimus lumborum muscles (LM) from both strip loins of 20 steers fed either a finishing diet with vitamin E ...

Gas chromatography was used to quantitate free galactose in Braeburn, Fuji, Red Delicious, and Spartan apples during cold storage, after thermal processing of apple slices and in juice produced using clarification and/or liquifaction enzymes. Spartan had significantly higher galactose levels as compared to Red Delicious apples, but changes in galactose ...

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) promotes skin cancer development by mutagenic, immunosuppressive, and oxidative-stress-inducing mechanisms; however, certain antioxidants may counteract and prevent UVR-induced photodamage. Lutein is a xanthophyll carotenoid with potent antioxidant activity. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to have a role in UVR-induced skin damage, we investigated whether lutein ...

The long-term effects of X-irradiation with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 Gy of 1 h eggs on the fitness-related life history traits in adult Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies and their offspring were investigated. Following irradiation with 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 Gy, both F0 and F1 flies have decreased adult body ...

A wound represents the interruption of the continuity of tissue that is followed by damage or cellular death. Wound healing occurs due to a competitive mechanism between the synthesis and lysis of collagen. Any factor that increases collagen lysis or reduces its synthesis may result in changes in the healing ...

BACKGROUND: Blood coagulation factor XIII (F-XIII) promotes cross-linking of fibrin during blood coagulation. Impaired clot stabilization in patients with genetic deficiencies of F-XIII is associated with marked pathologies of wound healing. METHODS: 60 rats given carbon tetrachloride underwent ileal anastomosis after which they received albumin (Alb animals) or F-XIII concentrate ...

The effect that oral administration of four alkylphenols, (1) bisphenol A (BPA), (2) p-t-octylphenol (OP), (3) p-nonylphenol (NP) and (4) p-n-nonylphenol (n-NP), as well as 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) had on male medaka fish vitellogenin was investigated. The male medaka was fed diets containing different concentrations of these chemicals for 7 days, ...

To assess the effect of aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) M79175 (2-methyl-6-fluoro-spiro-chroman-4-5'-imidazolidine-2',4'-dione) administration and galactose withdrawal on the progression of retinal changes using fluorescein angiography in galactose-fed dogs. Thirty male beagles were randomized into 4 groups. Three dogs were fed a normal control diet containing 30% nonnutritive fiber for 74 months ...

OBJECTIVES: [corrected] A standard rodent diet for space flight must meet the unique conditions imposed by the space environment and must be nutritionally adequate because diet can influence the outcome of experiments. We evaluated the use of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Foodbars as a standard space flight diet ...

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying premature ovarian failure (POF) are largely unknown. Our objective was to develop a working animal model to explore the pathogenesis of POF. Since galactosaemic women eventually develop POF, we evaluated the potential of experimental galactose toxicity as the proposed model. METHODS: Pregnant rats were fed ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with (+)-catechin on cutaneous antioxidant enzymes and the skin damage caused by UVB irradiation. METHODS: BALB/c mice were divided into three groups. Each group was fed a regular diet (RD) or a 2% catechin-supplemented diet for ...

The biocompatibility of autocatalyzed poly(ortho ester) (POE(70)LA(30)), a viscous, hydrophobic, bioerodible polymer, was investigated. POE(70)LA(30) was synthesized, sterilized by gamma irradiation, and injected in rabbit eyes at adequate volumes through subconjunctival, intracameral, intravitreal, and suprachoroidal routes. Clinical examinations were performed postoperatively at regular time points for 6 mo, and histopathologic ...

Calcitriol ointment has been approved for the treatment of psoriasis in many countries around the world. It may be prescribed in conjunction with phototherapy. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of various therapeutic ultraviolet modalities on the stability of calcitriol and, conversely, to study the effects of calcitriol ointment ...

Turkey breast meat patties, prepared from the turkeys fed diets containing 0, 50, 100, or 200 IU of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate (TA) per kg diet from 84 to 112 days of age, were aerobically packaged and irradiated at 0, 1.5, or 2.5 kGy. When dietary TA was increased from 0 to ...

To strengthen the radiation protection infrastructure in Pakistan, the uranium concentration in daily diet was measured and its associated radiation risks were estimated for the adult population. Food samples were collected from major cities and districts of the country by the market basket method, from which daily diets were prepared. ...

A new, air-cooled fireproof garment for tank crewmen was assessed regarding its efficacy for burn protection. A pig model was developed with a flame infliction instrument specially designed for this experiment. This pneumatic tool can initiate eight simultaneous flame injuries where the distance of skin from burn source and exposure ...

This study compared the stress induced in captive estuarine crocodiles, Crocodylus porosus, by two different handling methods: manual restraint (noosing with ropes) and immobilization by electro-stunning. To stun, a short charge (approx. 6 s) at 110 V was delivered to the back of the necks of C. porosus using a ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the effect of low-power laser radiation on guinea pig salivary glands. BACKGROUND DATA: Low-power laser radiation changes some cellular functions. The effect on salivary glands has not been sufficiently studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-four male guinea pigs (150 ...

The effect of animal diet (pasture versus grain) and fat content (1, 15 and 25%) on the functional properties and quality of beef stored for 8 months at -20 °C was determined. After storage, pasture-finished beef had significantly (P<0.001) less malondialdehyde than grain-finished. Grain-finished beef had a more vivid red colour ...

A total of 147 Menz and Horro lambs of both sexes were serially slaughtered and dissected at five different stages of growth to define the pattern of growth and partitioning of fat among body depots in indigenous Ethiopian Menz and Horro sheep breeds. The GLM procedure of SAS and allometric ...

PURPOSE: The use of the alamarBlue fluorescence dye for cellular study of UV-induced photodamage in cultured ocular lenses was examined by comparing the results from the fluorometric assay to lens optical quality using a scanning laser system to measure the focal lengths of the lenses following UVB treatment. METHODS: Excised ...

Six experiments were conducted to study the effects of exposure of young chickens to u.v. radiation. Chickens were fed a cholecalciferol (D3)-deficient diet and exposed to u.v. radiation from fluorescent lights giving total radiance (285-365 nm) at 0.15 m of 99.9 mJ/s per m(2). In Expt 1, chickens had increased ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on characteristics of enhanced beef cuts during retail display. Twelve steers were fed either a control (E-) diet or a diet supplemented with dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate (E+) for 117 days prior to slaughter. Paired strip ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing vitamin E into the diets of finishing cattle on quality characteristics of beef pumped with a phosphate/salt solution (enhanced) the cooked and held in a simulated foodservice situation. Twelve steers were fed either a control (E-) diet or ...

PURPOSE: Curcumin, the active principle of turmeric, has been shown to have both antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on the onset and maturation of galactose induced cataract. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats (21 days old) were ...

The aim of the following study was to examine the effects of the Ultraviolet (UV) Index and a personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) intensity indicator on tanning behaviour compared with general, written information about sun protection. A population-based random sample in Sweden was randomly assigned to four groups receiving different information ...

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on growth, non-carcass components and retail cut percentages, and meat quality traits of Awassi male lambs at approximately 8 months of age. The lambs were divided into two groups as control (CG, n=12) and experimental (VG, n=12) ...

The use of over the counter progesterone creams is on the rise and is thought to be a safe and effective means for controlling menopausal symptoms. The active ingredient in these preparations is the compound diosgenin. Diosgenin, which is synthetically derived from wild yams, is converted to human progesterone, aldosterone, ...

The aim of this study is to determine whether radiation heat transfer is responsible for the position dependence of heat transfer known as the edge vial effect. Freeze drying was performed on a laboratory-scale freeze dryer using pure water with vials that were fully stoppered but had precision cut metal ...