ABSTRACT: This integrative review identifies barriers to implementing the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in hypertensive African American women. Databases were searched for original research published between 1999 and 2009. Barriers included clinicians' low adherence to nutritional counseling and patients' lack of knowledge regarding nutrition and the consequences ...

Mercury concentrations in carapace fragments of the green turtle Chelonia mydas from the Ceará coast in NE Brazil are reported. Concentrations varied from <0.34 to 856.6 ng.g -1 d.w., and were highest (average of 154.8 ng.g -1 d.w.) in juveniles (n = 22), whereas lowest concentrations (average of 2.5 ng.g ...

Given the large social impact of dietary advice, it is important that the advice have a solid scientific basis. Evidence-based dietary advice should be built on results from all studies available, according to a given methodology. Conclusions should be a valid representation of the summarized results. The association between saturated ...

The health benefits of dietary fiber in the general population are increasingly recognized. Krishnamurthy et al. provide compelling evidence that chronic kidney disease (CKD) further augments these benefits. CKD, besides a microinflammatory state, is a state of increased proteolytic fermentation. Both these harmful conditions are exacerbated by dietary protein and ...

Dietary supplementation is a common practice in athletes with a desire to enhance performance, training, exercise recovery, and health. Supplementation habits of elite athletes in western Canada have been documented, but research is lacking on supplement use by athletes across Canada. The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate ...

Objective: Obesity negatively affects human health. Limiting food intake, while producing some weight loss, results in reduction of lean body mass. Combined with moderate exercise it produces significant weight loss, maintains lean body mass and improves insulin sensitivity, but appears difficult to adhere to. Bariatric surgery is clinically effective for ...

Seizures that are resistant to standard medications remain a major clinical problem. One underutilized option for patients with medication-resistant seizures is the high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet. The diet received its name based on the observation that patients consuming this diet produce ketone bodies (e.g., acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone). Although the ...

Synaptic dysfunction is considered the primary substrate for the functional declines observed within the nervous system during age-related neurodegenerative disease. Dietary restriction (DR), which extends lifespan in numerous species, has been shown to have beneficial effects on many neurodegenerative disease models. Existing data sets suggest that the effects of DR ...

The term "spontaneous human combustion" refers to a situation when a human body is found with significant portions of the middle parts of the body reduced to ashes, much less damage to the head and extremities, and minimal damage to the direct surroundings of the body. Typically, no observable source ...

OBJECTIVES: To explore the possibility that a paleolithic-like diet can be used in the prevention of age-related degenerative Western disease. METHODS: Literature review of African Paleolithic foods in relation to recent evidence of healthy nutrition. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Available evidence lends weak support in favor and little against the notion ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is critical for disposal of excess cholesterol from the body. Although it is generally accepted that RCT requires biliary secretion, recent studies show that RCT persists in genetic or surgical models of biliary insufficiency. Discovery of this nonbiliary pathway has ...

Analysis of model systems, for example in mice, has shown that the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract can play an important role in the efficiency of energy extraction from diets. The study reported here aimed to determine whether there are correlations between gastrointestinal tract microbiota population structure and energy use ...

In both cell culture experiments and in vivo studies, a number of angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonists activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). This mechanism has been discussed to be, at least in part, responsible for the improvement in glucose metabolism observed in animal studies and clinical trials. ...

OBJECTIVE: Diet has a significant impact on health, and ensuring that the population eats a healthy diet remains a public health challenge. Research is needed in order to improve the palatability of a healthy diet and make it attractive to the consumer. It has also been suggested that dietary recommendations ...

Non ketotic hyperglycinemia is a rare inborn error of glycine metabolism due to deficient activity of glycine cleavage system, a multienzymatic complex consisting of four protein subunits: the P-protein, the H-protein, the T-protein and the L-protein. The neonatal form of non ketotic hyperglycinemia presents in the first days of life ...

BACKGROUND:  Despite increasing use of dietary supplements, clinical pharmacological data are often missing. Various form of omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), already present in the daily diet, are used with a wide range of clinical objectives. AIM:  To evaluate the bioequivalence of two n-3 LC-PUFA ethyl ester ...

Nutrition is one of the many factors that influence a child's cognitive development and performance. Understanding the relationship between nutrition and mental performance in children is important in terms of their attainment and productivity both in school and later life. Since parents are seen as nutritional gatekeepers for their children's ...

This article is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of dietary methods for treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) when pharmacotherapy has proven unsatisfactory or unacceptable. Results of recent research and controlled studies, based on a PubMed search, are emphasized and compared with earlier reports. The ...

Experimental replication is fundamental for practicing science. To reduce variability, it is essential to control sources of variation as much as possible. Diet is an important factor that can influence many processes and functional outcomes in studies performed with rodent models. This is especially true for, but not limited to, ...

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Healthy body weight is an important factor for prevention of breast cancer recurrence. Yet, weight loss and weight gain are not currently included in clinical practice guidelines for post treatment of breast cancer. The work reported addresses one of the questions that must be considered in recommending weight ...

Rodent cancer studies typically use defined diets with nutrient profiles optimized for rodent health. However, a defined rodent diet that represents typical American nutrition in all aspects, including calorie sources and macro- and micronutrient composition, is not yet available. Thus, we used a nutrient density approach to formulate the new ...

Mexican American children are disproportionately affected by obesity. Data on how the acculturation process influences diet and body weight among adolescents are limited. We used the data from the 1999-2004 NHANES, restricting to 2286 Mexican American children between 12 and 19 y old. Acculturation was measured by generation status and ...

It was recently proposed that one cognitive strategy people might employ to find a balance between fulfilling their immediate desires and adhering to their long-term goals is to activate compensatory beliefs (CBs). CBs are convictions that the negative effects of a behavior can be compensated for by the positive effects ...

The development of the statin class of cholesterol-lowering drugs is one of the most significant success stories of modern pharmacotherapy. World-wide there are an estimated 150 million people on statins, with the emerging economies of India and China predicted to contribute significantly to that number. Notwithstanding their success, a significant ...

Little research has been done in optimizing the nitrogenous fraction of the fish diets in order to minimize welfare problems. The purpose of this review is to give an overview on how amino acid (AA) metabolism may be affected when fish are under stress and the possible effects on fish ...

Obesity is reaching pandemic proportions in Western society. It has resulted in increasing health care burden and decreasing life expectancy. Obesity is a complex, chronic disease, involving decades of pathophysiological changes and adaptation. Therefore, it is difficult ascertain the exact mechanisms for this long-term process in humans. To circumvent some ...

Telephone-delivered interventions targeting physical activity and dietary change have potential for broad population reach and thus have a role to play in addressing increasing rates of lifestyle-related chronic diseases. The purpose of this systematic review is to update the evidence for their potential to inform translation, including effectiveness in promoting ...

The human gut microbiota is a metabolic organ that is determined by a dynamic process of selection and competition. Age, dietary habits and geographical origin of people have an important impact on the intestinal microbiota. The role of the microbiota is still largely unknown, but the bacteria of the gut ...

To evaluate the effect of a Mindful Restaurant Eating intervention on weight management. Randomized control trial. Greater metropolitan area of Austin, Texas. Women (n = 35) 40-59 years old who eat out at least 3 times per week. The intervention, using 6 weekly 2-hour, small group sessions, focused on reducing ...

Ezetimibe/simvastatin therapy combines two lipid-lowering compounds with complementary mechanisms of action, thereby blocking the two sources of plasma cholesterol and improving lipid profiles. Ezetimibe/simvastatin is an effective and generally well tolerated adjunct to dietary therapy for markedly reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and improving other lipid parameters across diverse ...

Niacin has been used for more than 50 years in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, although its use has largely been superseded by better-tolerated lipid-modulating interventions. However, there has been a renewed interest in the HDL-cholesterol raising properties of niacin, with the appreciation that substantial cardiovascular risk remains despite effective ...

Despite aggressive lipid-lowering therapy, patients continue to be at significant risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Assessment of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) provides a measure of cholesterol contained in all atherogenic particles. In the third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) guidelines of the US National Cholesterol Education Program, non-HDL-C was ...

ABSTRACT: The mevalonate pathway in human is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol and other important biomolecules such as coenzyme Q, dolichols and isoprenoids. These molecules are required in the cell for functions ranging from signaling to membrane integrity, protein prenylation and glycosylation, and energy homeostasis. The pathway consists of ...

The non-absorbable substitute for dietary triacylglycerol, olestra, has been marketed in the United States for fifteen years. Olestra is comprised of sucrose with six to eight of its hydroxyl groups forming ester links with long-chain fatty acids. Because olestra is not hydrolyzed by fat-splitting enzymes in the small intestine, it ...

Introduction: Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) has the ability to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels and potentially reduce cardiovascular risk. The first CETP inhibitor, torcetrapib, was discontinued due to off-target effects resulting in increased mortality. However, anacetrapib does not appear to exhibit these effects and is being developed ...

INTRODUCTION: Lipid profile is an important determinant of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetic patients. Available glucose-lowering agents can affect lipid levels. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been reported to reduce total cholesterol, but results are inconsistent across trials. The present metaanalysis was designed to assess the effect of DPP-4 ...

Objective: Testosterone therapy increases lean body mass (LBM) and decreases total fat mass (TFM) in ageing men with low normal testosterone levels. The major challenge is, however, to determine whether the metabolic consequences of testosterone therapy are overall positive. We have previously reported that six months testosterone therapy did not ...

Vascular dysfunction is recognised as an integrative marker of CVD. While dietary strategies aimed at reducing CVD risk include reductions in the intake of SFA, there are currently no clear guidelines on what should replace SFA. The purpose of this review was to assess the evidence for the effects of ...

Undernutrition is insufficiently detected in in- and outpatients, and this is likely to worsen during the next decades. The increased prevalence of obesity together with chronic illnesses associated with fat-free mass (FFM) loss will result in an increased prevalence of sarcopenic obesity. In patients with sarcopenic obesity, weight loss and ...

Elevated amounts of cholesterol are thought to be involved in several severe diseases. Despite of the fact that many studies have been performed and published, the action of cholesterol lowering agents used to diminish the plasma cholesterol level is not fully understood yet. In this study, the effects of the ...

Many older adults experience age-related changes that can have negative consequences for food intake. Some older adults continue to eat well despite these challenges showing dietary resilience. We aimed to describe the strategies used by older adults to overcome dietary obstacles and to explore the key themes of dietary resilience. ...

Zinc has caught wide scientific attention for the conceptual promise it has to offer for prevention, control and treatment of acute diarrhea. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which zinc might contribute to the pathogenesis of acute diarrhea and the degree of success achieved in diarrhea control and treatment ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In recent years, many of the concerns surrounding the glycemic index have been addressed by methodological studies and clinical trials comparing diets carefully matched for other nutrients. These findings are reviewed together with new observational evidence for the role of the dietary glycemic index in the etiology ...

The mechanisms that deprive HDL of its cardioprotective properties are poorly understood. One potential pathway involves oxidative damage of HDL proteins by myeloperoxidase (MPO) a heme enzyme secreted by human artery wall macrophages. Mass spectrometric analysis demonstrated that levels of 3-chlorotyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosine - two characteristic products of MPO - ...

OBJECTIVE: Given that previous studies have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the effects of diet (D), aerobic exercise (E) or both (DE) on blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in adults, the meta-analytic approach was used to address this issue. DATA SOURCES: Nine electronic databases, cross-referencing, and expert review. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recently, many guidelines have given new evidence on the risk factors for stroke. In this review, I refer to the most important guidelines for primary prevention of stroke and hypertension, especially focused on diet and physical activity. RECENT FINDINGS: The health behavior recommendations in recent guidelines for ...

Vitamin D an ancient secosteroid is essential for mineral homeostasis, bone remodeling, immune modulation, and energy metabolism. Recently, debates have emerged about the daily vitamin D requirements for healthy and elderly adults, the safety and efficacy of long term supplementation and the role of vitamin D deficiency in several chronic ...

The increasing sensitivity of PCR has meant that in the last two decades PCR has emerged as a major tool in diet studies, enabling us to refine our understanding of trophic links and to elucidate the diets of predators whose prey is as yet uncharacterized. The achievements and methods of ...

A number of supplements are now available which are sold as fat burners or pre-workout boosters and contain stimulants which are banned in sport. Many contain methylhexaneamine under one of many pseudonyms including Geranamine, geranium oil or extract, or a number of chemical names such as 1,3-dimethylpentylamine. This has resulted ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to measure the impact of a patient education intervention aimed at increasing dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D in patients currently on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for the treatment of prostate cancer. METHODS: Sixty-one participants attended a one-time dietitian-delivered group education session ...